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味辛，温。主杀鬼精物，蛊毒恶气，消痈肿，下支满，疝（音山），下血。久服益气力
，长阴，肥健，轻身增年。一名离母，一名鬼督邮。生陈仓川谷、雍州及泰山、少室。三月
、四月、八月采根，曝干。
陶隐居云∶陈仓属雍州扶风郡。按此草亦是芝类。云茎赤如箭杆，叶生其端。根如人足，
又
云如芋，有十二子为卫。有风不动，无风自摇。如此亦非俗所见，而徐长卿亦名鬼督邮。又
复有鬼箭，茎有羽，其疗并相似，而益人乖异，恐并非此赤箭。唐本注云∶此芝类，茎似箭
杆，赤色，端有花、叶，远看如箭有羽。根、皮、肉汁与天门冬同，唯无心脉。去根五、六
寸，有十余子卫，似芋。其实似苦楝子，核作五、六棱，中肉如面，日曝则枯萎也。得根即
生啖（音澹）之，无干服法也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶赤箭，无毒。
图经曰∶赤箭，生陈仓川谷、雍州及泰山、少室，今江湖间亦有之，然不中药用。其苗
独茎
如
箭杆，叶生其端，四月开花，杆、叶俱赤，实似苦楝子，核作五、六棱，中有肉如面。日曝
则枯萎。其根大类天门冬，唯无心脉耳。去根五、六寸，有十余子为卫，似芋。三月、四月
、八月采根，曝干。今三月、四月采苗，七月、八月、九月采根。谨按此草，有风不动，
无
风则自摇。《抱朴子》云∶按∶仙方中，有合离草，一名独摇，一名离母，所以谓之合离、
离
母者，此草为物，下根如芋魁，有游子十二枚周环之，去大魁数尺，虽相须，而实不连，但
以气相属耳。如菟丝之草下有伏菟之根，无此菟，则丝不得上，亦不相属也。然则赤箭之异
，陶隐居已云，此亦非俗所见。菟丝之下有伏菟，亦不复闻有见者，殆其种类中时有神异者
，乃如此耳。又陶、苏皆云赤箭是芝类，而上有六芝条，五芝皆以五色生于五岳，诸方所
献
者，紫芝生高夏山谷。苏云芝多黄白，稀有黑青者，紫芝最多，非五芝类，但芝自难得，纵
获一、二，岂得终久服邪。今山中虽时复有之，而人莫能识其真，医家绝无用者，故州郡亦
无图上，盖祥异之物，非世常有，但附其说于此耳。凡采药时月，皆先据《本经》而后着今
土俗所宜，且《赤箭》本经但云三月、四月、八月采根，不言用苗，而今方家乃并用根苗，
各有收采时月，与《本经》参差不同，难以兼着，故但从今法。其他药有相类者，亦同此
比。又按序例云∶凡采药，其根物多以二月、八月采者，谓春初津闰始萌，未冲枝叶，势
力
淳浓故也。至秋枝叶津润归流于下。今即事验之，春宁宜早，秋宁宜晚。据此文意，采根者
，须晚秋以后，初春以前，欲其苗梗枯落，至未萌芽时，气味正完，乃可采耳。然其他药类
，生长及枯死有早晚，采之自随其时，不必拘以春秋也。下又云∶花、实、茎、叶，乃各随
其所熟，岁月亦有早晏，不必都根据本文，是其义也。他亦同此比。
别说云∶谨按今医家见用天麻，即是此赤箭根。今《补注》与《图经》所载，乃别是一
物
，中
品之下又出天麻一目，注云出郓州。考今之所出，赤箭根苗，乃自齐郓而来者为上。今翰林
沈公括最为博识，尝解此一说云∶古方用天麻者不用赤箭，用赤箭者即无天麻，方中诸药皆
同，而唯此名或别，即是天麻、赤箭本为一物，并合用根也。今中品之下，所别出天麻一目
，乃与此赤箭所说，都不相干，即明别是一物尔。然中品之下所为天麻者，世所未尝见用，
今就此赤箭根为天麻，则与今所用不相违。然赤箭则言苗，用之有自表入里之功；天麻则言
根，用之有自内达外之理。根则抽苗径直而上，苗则结子成熟而落，返从秆中而下，至土而
生，似此粗可识其外内主治之理。
衍义曰∶赤箭，天麻苗也。然与天麻治疗不同，故后人分之为二。《经》中言八月采根
曝干
，故知此即苗也。
味辛，性温。主治驱杀鬼魅精怪、蛊毒及恶气，消除痈肿，缓解下肢胀满、疝气（音山）、便血。长期服用可益气力，促进阴部生长，使身体肥壮强健，身形轻盈并延年益寿。又名离母，又名鬼督邮。产于陈仓川谷、雍州以及泰山、少室山。三月、四月、八月采集根部，晒干。
陶隐居说：陈仓属于雍州扶风郡。据考证，这种草也是芝类的一种。说它的茎像箭杆一样红，叶子生在顶端。根像人的脚，又说像芋头，有十二个侧芽环绕保护。有风时不动，无风时自动摇晃。像这样也不是世俗常见的，而且徐长卿也叫鬼督邮。另外还有鬼箭，茎上有羽状物，其疗效相似，但对人的益处却大相径庭，恐怕都不是这赤箭。《唐本草》注解说：这种芝类植物，茎像箭杆，红色，顶端有花和叶，远看就像带羽毛的箭。根、皮、肉汁与天门冬相同，只是没有心脉。去掉根五、六寸处，有十多个侧芽环绕，像芋头。它的果实像苦楝子，核呈五、六棱形，中间肉质如面粉，日晒后则枯萎。得到根就可以生吃（音澹），不需要干服的方法。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：赤箭，无毒。
《图经》说：赤箭，产于陈仓川谷、雍州以及泰山、少室，现在江湖地区也有，但不符合中药药用标准。它的苗独茎像箭杆，叶子生在顶端，四月开花，杆和叶都呈红色，果实像苦楝子，核呈五、六棱形，中间肉质如面粉。日晒后则枯萎。它的根大类同天门冬，只是没有心脉罢了。去掉根五、六寸处，有十多个侧芽环绕，像芋头。三月、四月、八月采集根部，晒干。现在三月、四月采集苗，七月、八月、九月采集根。谨按此草，有风时不动，无风时自动摇晃。《抱朴子》说：按：仙方中，有合离草，一名独摇，一名离母，之所以叫合离、离母，是因为这种草，下部的根像芋魁，有十二个游子（侧芽）周环围绕，距离大魁数尺，虽然相互依存，但实际上不连接，只是以气息相关联罢了。就像菟丝草下面有伏菟的根，如果没有这个菟，丝就爬不上去，也不相连。然而赤箭的奇异之处，陶隐居已经说过，这也非世俗常见。菟丝下面有伏菟，也再没听说有人见过，大概是这类物种中偶尔有神异者，才如此。另外陶弘景、苏颂都说赤箭是芝类，而上文有六芝条目，五芝都是五色生于五岳，各方所献的，紫芝生于高夏山谷。苏颂说芝多黄白色，少有黑青色，紫芝最多，不属于五芝类，但芝本来就难得，即使获得一两个，怎么能长期服用呢。现在山中虽然偶尔有，但没人能识别其真伪，医家绝对不用，所以州郡也没有图上记载，大概是祥瑞怪异之物，世间不常有，只附上这个说法在这里。凡是采药的时间，都先依据《本经》然后注明今土俗适宜的做法，况且《赤箭》本经只说三月、四月、八月采根，没说用苗，而现在方家乃是用根和苗一起，各有收采时间，与《本经》参差不同，难以同时记载，所以只遵从今法。其他药有相似的，也同理类推。又按序例说：凡是采药，根类多在二月、八月采集，说是春初津液始萌，未冲枝叶，势力淳浓的缘故。到了秋天枝叶津液回流于下。现在实际验证，春天宜早，秋天宜晚。据此文意，采根者，须在晚秋以后，初春以前，想要其苗梗枯落，到未萌芽时，气味正完备，才可以采集。然而其他药类，生长及枯死有早晚，采集自然随其时节，不必拘泥于春秋。下文又说：花、实、茎、叶，各自随其成熟，岁月也有早晚，不必都根据本文，就是这个意思。其他也同理类推。
别录说：谨按现在医家见用的天麻，就是这赤箭的根。现在《补注》与《图经》所载，乃是另一物，在中品之下又列出天麻一目，注云出自郓州。考察现在所出的，赤箭根苗，从齐郓来的为上品。现在翰林沈括最为博识，曾经解释这一说：古方用天麻的不用赤箭，用赤箭的就无天麻，方中诸药皆同，而唯此名或别，即是天麻、赤箭本为一物，并合用根。现在中品之下，所别出天麻一目，与此赤箭所说，都不相干，即明确是另一物了。然而中品之下所为的天麻，世间未曾见用，现在就以此赤箭根为天麻，则与今所用不相违背。然而赤箭则言苗，用之有自表入里的功效；天麻则言根，用之有自内达外的道理。根则抽苗径直向上，苗则结子成熟而落，反从秆中向下，至土而生，类似这样粗略可以认识其内外主治的道理。
《衍义》说：赤箭，是天麻的苗。然而与天麻治疗不同，所以后人将其分为二种。《经》中说八月采根曝干，所以知道这就是苗。
Chi Jian (Rhizoma Gastrodiae)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. It primarily treats the expulsion of evil spirits and demons, gu poison, and malignant qi; it reduces carbuncles and swellings, alleviates lower limb distension, hernia (shān), and bloody stool. Long-term consumption benefits qi and strength, promotes genital growth, makes the body robust and strong, lightens the physique, and extends longevity. Also known as Li Mu (Separating Mother), also known as Gui Du You (Ghost Supervisor). It grows in the valleys of Chencang, Yongzhou, as well as Mount Tai and Mount Shaoshi. The roots are harvested in March, April, and August, and dried in the sun.
Tao Hongjing stated: Chencang belongs to Fufeng Commandery in Yongzhou. According to this, this herb is also a type of Zhi (mushroom/fungus). It is said that its stem is red like an arrow shaft, with leaves growing at the tip. The root resembles a human foot, or again, resembles a taro, protected by twelve offshoots. It does not move when there is wind, but sways on its own when there is no wind. Such characteristics are not commonly seen by the general public, and furthermore, Xuchangqing is also called Gui Du You. There is also Gui Jian (Ghost Arrow), which has feather-like structures on its stem; although its therapeutic effects are similar, its benefits to humans differ significantly, so it is likely not this Chi Jian. The annotation in *Tang Bencao* states: This Zhi-type plant has a stem resembling an arrow shaft, red in color, with flowers and leaves at the end, looking from afar like an arrow with feathers. The root, bark, and fleshy juice are similar to Tian Dong (Asparagi Radix), except it lacks a central pith. About five or six cun below the root, there are more than ten protective offshoots, resembling taro. Its fruit resembles the nut of Melia azedarach, with a five- or six-angled core, and the flesh inside is flour-like; it withers when dried in the sun. Upon obtaining the root, it can be eaten raw (dàn); there is no need for dry preparation methods. Chen Yuxi and others carefully noted according to *Yaoxing Lun*: Chi Jian is non-toxic.
*Tujing* states: Chi Jian grows in the valleys of Chencang, Yongzhou, Mount Tai, and Mount Shaoshi. It is now also found in the Jianghu region, but it does not meet the standards for medicinal use. Its sprout has a single stem like an arrow shaft, with leaves at the tip, flowering in April; both the stem and leaves are red. The fruit resembles the nut of Melia azedarach, with a five- or six-angled core, and the flesh inside is flour-like. It withers when dried in the sun. Its root is large and similar to Tian Dong, lacking only the central pith. About five or six cun below the root, there are more than ten protective offshoots, resembling taro. Roots are harvested in March, April, and August, and dried. Now, sprouts are harvested in March and April, and roots in July, August, and September. Carefully observing this herb, it does not move when there is wind, but sways on its own when there is no wind. *Baopuzi* states: In immortal prescriptions, there is He Li Cao (Union-Separation Herb), also known as Du Yao (Single Sway) and Li Mu (Separating Mother). It is called He Li and Li Mu because this herb's root resembles a taro tuber, surrounded by twelve "youzi" (offshoots) at a distance of several feet from the main tuber. Although they depend on each other, they are not physically connected, but linked by qi. It is like Tusisi (Cuscutae Semen), which has a hidden root below; without this hidden root, the Dodder cannot climb up, nor are they connected. However, regarding the uniqueness of Chi Jian, Tao Hongjing already mentioned that it is not commonly seen by the public. The hidden root under Tusisi is also rarely seen; perhaps among these species, there are occasionally miraculous varieties that behave thus. Furthermore, both Tao Hongjing and Su Song stated that Chi Jian is a type of Zhi. Above, there are entries for Six Zhis; the Five Zhis all have five colors and grow in the Five Sacred Mountains, offered by various regions, while Purple Zhi grows in the valleys of Gaoxia. Su Song said that Zhi is mostly yellow or white, rarely black or green; Purple Zhi is the most common, belonging to neither the Five Zhi category. But Zhi is inherently rare; even if one or two are obtained, how can they be taken long-term? Although occasionally found in mountains today, people cannot identify them authentically, and physicians absolutely do not use them, so prefectures and commanderies have no illustrations. They are likely auspicious or strange items, not commonly existing in the world, so this explanation is attached here. Regarding the timing of herb collection, one should first rely on *Benjing* and then note local customs. Moreover, *Benjing* for Chi Jian only mentions harvesting roots in March, April, and August, without mentioning using sprouts. However, current practitioners use both roots and sprouts, with different harvest times, differing from *Benjing*. It is difficult to record both, so we follow current practices. Other herbs with similarities follow this analogy. Additionally, the Preface states: For root herbs, collection is mostly done in February and August, because in early spring, sap begins to sprout but has not yet pushed through branches and leaves, so the potency is rich and concentrated. In autumn, sap flows back down from branches and leaves. Current practical verification shows that spring collection should be early, and autumn collection should be late. Based on this meaning, for root collection, it must be after late autumn and before early spring, waiting for the sprout stems to wither and fall, until just before sprouting, when the aroma and essence are complete, then they can be harvested. However, for other herb categories, growth and withering have early and late stages, so collection naturally follows their respective seasons, without being restricted to spring and autumn. The text further states: Flowers, fruits, stems, and leaves should be collected according to their maturity; years may vary in early or late timing, so one need not strictly follow the original text; this is the principle. Others follow this analogy.
*Bielu* states: Carefully observing, the Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) currently used by physicians is indeed the root of this Chi Jian. The current *Buzhu* and *Tujing* describe a different substance. Under the Middle Category, another entry for Tianma is listed, annotated as originating from Yunzhou. Examining current sources, Chi Jian roots and sprouts from Qi and Yun are considered superior. Shen Kuo, a Hanlin academician, was highly knowledgeable and once explained this point: Ancient formulas using Tianma did not use Chi Jian, and those using Chi Jian did not use Tianma. The other herbs in the formula were identical, with only the name differing, indicating that Tianma and Chi Jian are originally the same substance, and both should use the root. The separate entry for Tianma under the Middle Category is unrelated to the description of Chi Jian, clearly indicating it is a different substance. However, the Tianma under the Middle Category has never been used in the world. If we now consider Chi Jian root as Tianma, it aligns with current usage. Nevertheless, Chi Jian refers to the sprout, which has the effect of moving from the exterior to the interior; Tianma refers to the root, which has the effect of moving from the interior to the exterior. The root draws the sprout straight upward; the sprout produces seeds, matures, falls, and returns downward from the stem into the soil to regenerate. Roughly speaking, this illustrates the logic of their internal and external therapeutic actions.
*Yanyi* states: Chi Jian is the sprout of Tianma. However, its therapeutic effects differ from Tianma, so later generations divided them into two. *Benjing* states harvesting roots in August and drying them, so it is known that this refers to the sprout.