味辛，微寒，主吐逆胃反，惊痫癫疾，除热下气，止小便利，除毒热脐挛，金疮溢血
。炼化还成九光，久服通神明。一名铅华，生于铅。生蜀郡平泽。
陶隐居云∶即今熬铅所作黄丹也。画用者，俗方亦稀用，唯《仙经》涂丹釜所须，云化
成九
光者，当谓九光丹以为釜尔，无别变炼法。唐本注云∶丹、白二粉，俱炒锡作，今《经》称
铅丹，陶云熬铅，俱误矣。今注∶此即今黄丹也，与粉锡二物，俱是化铅为之。按李含光《
音义》云∶黄丹，胡粉皆化铅，未闻用锡者，故参同契云∶若胡粉投炭中，色坏为铅
。《抱朴子·内篇》云∶愚人乃不信黄丹及胡
粉是化铅所作，今唐注以三物俱炒锡，大误矣。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶铅丹，君。主治
惊
悸狂走，呕逆，消渴。煎膏用，止痛生肌。萧炳云∶臣，不入汤。日华子云∶黄丹，凉，无
毒。镇心安神，疗反胃，止吐血及嗽，敷金疮长肉，及汤火疮，染须发。可煎膏。
图经文具铅、锡条下。
外台秘要∶《集验》疗逆产方∶真丹刀圭，涂儿跖下。肘后方∶客忤，中恶之类，多于
道间
得之，令人心腹疼痛，胀满，气冲心胸，不即治亦害人。救之方∶真丹方寸匕，蜜三合和服
之，口噤者折齿灌之。又方∶治伤寒及时气，温病头痛壮热，脉盛。真丹涂行身令遍，向火
坐
令汗出。又方∶蝎螫人，黄丹醋调涂之。经验方∶碧霞丹∶治吐逆立效。北来黄丹四两筛过
，用
好米醋半升，同药入铫内煎令干，却用炭火三秤，就铫内 透红，冷，取研细为末，用粟米
饭丸如桐子大。煎酵汤下七丸，不嚼，只一服。王氏博济∶治风痫驱风散∶铅丹二两，白矾
二
两，为末。用砖一口，以纸铺砖上，先以丹铺纸上，次以矾铺丹上，然后用纸捅，却将十斤
柳木柴烧过为度，取出细研。每服一钱，温酒下。刘氏∶治小儿疟方∶黄丹两钱匕，以蜜
水
和与服，冷即以酒和，令服之良。子母秘录∶治小儿重舌方∶黄丹如豆大，内管中，以安舌
下。治疟百草霜∶黄丹等分细研。每服二钱匕，于发日空心米饮调服，不过两服愈。
衍义曰∶铅丹，本谓之黄丹，化铅而成。别有法，《唐本》注∶炒锡作。然《经》称铅
丹，
则炒锡之说误矣。亦不为难辨，盖锡则以黯暗，铅则明白，以此为异。治疟及久积皆用。
味辛，性微寒。主治呕吐逆气、胃反（指朝食暮吐或暮食朝吐的胃病），惊痫癫疾（癫痫类疾病），清除内热并降逆气，止住小便频数，消除毒热引起的肚脐挛缩疼痛，以及金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）出血不止。经过炼化可还原为“九光”状态，长期服用能通灵达神。又名铅华，由铅生成。产于蜀郡平泽。
陶隐居说：这就是现在熬炼铅所得的黄丹。用于绘画的情况很少见，民间方剂中也极少使用，只有《仙经》中记载涂抹丹釜时需要用到。所谓化成“九光”，应当是指将黄丹作为丹釜的材料，并没有其他的变炼方法。唐代本草注疏说：丹粉和白粉，都是炒锡制成的，现在的经文称其为铅丹，陶弘景说是熬炼铅，都错了。现在的注释认为：这就是现在的黄丹，与粉锡这两种物质，都是化铅而成的。根据李含光的《音义》说：黄丹和胡粉都是由铅转化而来，没听说过用锡的，所以《参同契》中说：如果把胡粉投入炭火中，颜色败坏后变成铅。《抱朴子·内篇》说：愚人居然不相信黄丹及胡粉是由铅转化而成的，现在的唐代注疏认为这三种东西都是炒锡制成，这是大大的错误。臣禹锡等人谨慎地按照《药性论》说：铅丹，列为君药。主治惊悸狂走、呕吐逆气、消渴病。煎膏使用，可以止痛生肌。萧炳说：铅丹，列为臣药，不入汤剂。日华子说：黄丹，性凉，无毒。能镇心安神，治疗反胃，止吐血及咳嗽，敷于金疮上促进肌肉生长，以及治疗烫伤火疮，还能染须发。可以煎膏使用。
《图经本草》在铅、锡条目下已有详细记载。
《外台秘要》记载：《集验方》治疗难产（逆产）的方子：取真丹如刀圭大小，涂在婴儿脚底。《肘后备急方》记载：客忤、中恶之类病症，多在道路间得之，导致人心腹疼痛，胀满，气冲心胸，如果不立即治疗也会害人。急救方：真丹一方寸匕，加蜜三合调和服用，牙关紧闭者撬开牙齿灌入。又一方：治疗伤寒及时行温病，头痛壮热，脉象盛大。将真丹涂遍全身，坐在火边令其出汗。又一方：蝎子蛰伤人，用黄丹调醋涂抹患处。经验方：碧霞丹：治疗呕吐逆气立竿见影。取北方来的黄丹四两筛过，用好米醋半升，连同药物放入铫内煎至干，再用炭火三秤的量，就在铫内烧透红，冷却后取出研成细末，用粟米饭做成梧桐子大小的丸药。用发酵的汤送服七丸，不要咀嚼，仅一次服药即可。王氏《博济方》：治疗风痫的驱风散：铅丹二两，白矾二两，研成粉末。用一口砖，上面铺纸，先铺丹在纸上，再铺矾在丹上，然后用纸盖住，用十斤柳木柴烧到尽头，取出细研。每次服用一钱，温酒送下。刘氏方：治疗小儿疟疾的方子：黄丹两钱匕，用蜜水调和给患儿服用，如果怕冷就用酒调和，让患儿服用效果良好。《子母秘录》：治疗小儿重舌（舌头肿胀重叠）的方子：黄丹如豆子大小，纳入管中，安放在舌头下面。治疗疟疾的百草霜方：黄丹与百草霜等分细研。每次服用二钱匕，在发病当天空腹用米饮调服，不超过两次即可痊愈。
《衍义》说：铅丹，本来称为黄丹，是化铅而成的。另有其他方法，《唐本》注疏说：炒锡制成。然而经文称为铅丹，那么炒锡的说法就是错误的。也不难辨别，因为锡的颜色暗淡，铅的颜色明亮，以此作为区别。治疗疟疾及久积之症都用它。
Taste is pungent, nature is slightly cold. It primarily treats vomiting and reverse flow of qi (retrograde movement of stomach contents), gastric reflux (a condition characterized by vomiting food eaten hours earlier), jing xian dian ji (epileptic seizures and manic disorders), clears internal heat and directs rebellious qi downward, stops frequent urination, eliminates toxic heat causing umbilical contraction and pain, and stops bleeding from jin chuang (traumatic wounds caused by metal weapons). After refining and smelting, it can return to the "nine-light" state; long-term ingestion promotes spiritual clarity. Also known as Qianhua (Lead Powder), it is derived from lead. It originates from Pingze in Shu Commandery.
Tao Hongjing stated: This is the Huangdan (Red Lead) obtained by smelting lead today. Its use in painting is rare, and it is seldom used in folk prescriptions, except that the *Xian Jing* (Scripture of Immortals) mentions its necessity for coating cinnabar furnaces. The so-called transformation into "nine-light" refers to using this substance as the material for the furnace itself, with no other refining methods involved. The Tang Dynasty commentary claimed: Both Danfen (Cinnabar powder) and Baifen (White powder) are made by frying tin; thus, the current text calling it Qiandan (Lead Oxide) and Tao's statement about smelting lead are both errors. Current annotation clarifies: This is indeed the modern Huangdan (Red Lead); along with Fenxi (Tin Oxide), both substances are produced by transforming lead. According to Li Hanguang's *Yinyi* (Phonetic Glosses): Huangdan (Red Lead) and Hufen (Basic Lead Carbonate) are both transformed from lead; there is no record of using tin. Therefore, the *Can Tong Qi* states: If Hufen (Basic Lead Carbonate) is thrown into charcoal, its color deteriorates and turns back into lead. *Baopuzi · Neipian* states: Fools do not believe that Huangdan (Red Lead) and Hufen (Basic Lead Carbonate) are made from transformed lead. The current Tang commentary claiming all three substances are made by frying tin is a major error. Minister Yuxi et al. carefully noted according to *Yaoxing Lun* (Treatise on Medicinal Properties): Qiandan (Lead Oxide) serves as the Sovereign herb. It treats palpitations, mania, running away, vomiting and reverse flow of qi, and xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome). When decocted into ointment, it relieves pain and generates flesh. Xiao Bing stated: Qiandan (Lead Oxide) is a Minister herb and should not be used in decoctions. Ri Huazi stated: Huangdan (Red Lead) is cool in nature and non-toxic. It calms the heart and spirit, treats gastric reflux, stops hematemesis and cough, promotes tissue regeneration when applied to traumatic wounds, and treats burns and scalds. It can also be used to dye hair and beard. It can be prepared as an ointment.
The *Tujing Bencao* (Illustrated Materia Medica) has detailed entries under the sections for Lead and Tin.
*Waitai Miyao* records: The *Jiyan Fang* (Collected Effective Prescriptions) treats difficult labor (malpresentation): Apply Zhen Dan (Authentic Red Lead) the size of a knife tip to the sole of the infant's foot. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* records: Ke Wu (alien influence) and Zhong E (sudden evil invasion) illnesses are often contracted on roadsides, causing severe abdominal and chest pain, distension, and qi rushing to the chest and heart. If not treated immediately, they can be fatal. Emergency prescription: Take one cubic inch of Zhen Dan (Authentic Red Lead), mix with three he of honey, and ingest. For patients with locked jaws, pry open the teeth and administer. Another prescription: Treats Shanghan (Cold Damage), seasonal warm diseases, presenting with headache, high fever, and surging pulse. Apply Zhen Dan (Authentic Red Lead) all over the body, sit near fire to induce sweating. Another prescription: For scorpion stings, mix Huangdan (Red Lead) with vinegar and apply topically. Jingyan Fang (Experienced Prescriptions): Bixia Dan: Instantly effective for vomiting and reverse flow of qi. Take four liang of northern Huangdan (Red Lead), sifted, and half sheng of good rice vinegar. Place together in a ding (small cauldron) and boil until dry. Then, subject the vessel to intense charcoal fire equivalent to three cheng (unit of weight/measure) until red-hot. Cool, grind into fine powder, and form pills the size of paulownia seeds using millet rice paste. Take seven pills with fermented soup, do not chew, single dose only. Wangshi *Boji Fang*: Qu Feng San (Wind-Expelling Powder) for treating wind epilepsy: Two liang of Qiandan (Lead Oxide), two liang of Baifan (Alum), ground into powder. Place paper on a brick, spread Dan first, then Fan on top, cover with paper, and burn with ten jin of willow wood until consumed. Remove and grind finely. Take one qian per dose, washed down with warm wine. Liu Shi: Prescription for pediatric malaria: Two qian bi of Huangdan (Red Lead), mixed with honey water for administration. If the patient feels cold, mix with wine for better effect. *Zimu Milu*: Prescription for pediatric chong she (double tongue/swollen tongue): A bean-sized piece of Huangdan (Red Lead) placed inside a tube, positioned under the tongue. Bai Cao Shuang prescription for malaria: Equal parts of Huangdan (Red Lead) and Bai Cao Shuang (Soot from hundred herbs), finely ground. Take two qian bi per dose, mixed with rice drink on an empty stomach on the day of onset; cure usually occurs within two doses.
*Yanyi* states: Qiandan (Lead Oxide) was originally called Huangdan (Red Lead), formed by transforming lead. There are other methods mentioned in the *Tang Ben* commentary claiming it is made by frying tin. However, since the text calls it Qiandan (Lead Oxide), the claim of frying tin is incorrect. This is easy to distinguish: tin appears dark and dull, while lead appears bright and clear. It is used for treating malaria and chronic accumulations.