\r银屑\pd31.bmp\r
味辛，平，有毒。主安五脏，定心神，止惊悸，除邪气，久服轻身长年。生永昌。采
无时。
陶隐居云∶银之所出处，亦与金同，但皆是生石中。炼饵法亦相似。今医方合镇心丸用
之，
不可正服尔。为屑，当以水银研令消也。永昌本属益州，今属宁州。《仙经》又有服炼法，
此当无正主疗，故不为本草所载。古者名金为黄金，银为白金，铜为赤金。今铜有生熟，炼
熟
者柔赤，而本草并无用。今铜青及大钱皆入方用，并是生铜，应在下品之例也。唐本注云∶
银之与金，生不同处，金又兼出水中。方家用银屑，当取见成银箔，以水银消之为泥。合硝
石及盐研为粉，烧出水银，淘去盐石，为粉极细，用之乃佳。不得已磨取屑尔。且银所在皆
有，而以虢州者为胜，此外多锡秽为劣。高丽作贴者云∶非银矿所出，然色青不如虢州者。
又有黄银，《本经》不载，俗云为器辟恶，乃为瑞物。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶银屑，君
。银箔同。主定志，去惊痫，小儿癫疾狂走之病。
图经文具金屑条下。
海药云∶谨按《南越志》云∶出波斯国，有天生药银，波斯国用为试药、指环。大寒，
无
主坚筋骨，镇心，明目，风热，癫疾等。并入箔于丸散服之。又烧朱粉瓮下，多年沉积有银
，号杯铅银，光软甚好，与波斯银功力相似，只是难得。今时烧炼家，每一斤生铅，只煎得
一、二铢。《山海经》云∶东北乐平郡党少山出银甚多。黔中生银，体骨硬，不堪入药。又
按《唐贞观政要》云∶十年，有理书御史权万纪奏曰∶宣、饶二州诸山，极有银坑，采之甚
是利益。太宗曰∶朕贵为天子，无所乏少，何假取呼？是知彼处出银也。子母秘录，始娠，
卒腰背痛如折。银一两，水三升，煎取二升，饮之。太上八帝玄变经∶银屑益寿。青霞子《
金液还丹论》∶银，破冷除风。
衍义曰∶银屑，金条中已解屑义，银本出于矿，须煎炼而成，故名熟银，所以于后别立
生银
条
也。其用与熟银大同。世有术士，能以朱砂而成者，有铅、汞而成者，有焦铜而成者，不复
更有造化之气，岂可更入药？既有此类，不可不区别。其生银，即是不自矿中出，而特然自
生者，又谓之老翁须，亦取像而言之耳。然银屑《经》言有毒，生银《经》言无毒。释者漏
略不言。盖生银已生发于外，无蕴郁之气，故无毒。矿银尚蕴蓄于石中，郁结之气，全未敷
畅，故言有毒。亦恶锡。
银屑
味辛，性平，有毒。主治安养五脏，安定心神，止住惊悸，祛除邪气，长期服用可使人身体轻健、延年益寿。产于永昌。采集时间没有固定限制。
陶隐居（陶弘景）说：银的产地，与金相同，但都是从石中产出。炼制和服用的方法也相似。现在的医方在配制镇心丸时使用它，但不能直接作为正药服用。制成银屑时，应当用水银研磨使其溶解。永昌原本属于益州，现在属于宁州。《仙经》中又有服用和炼制的记载，这里应当没有主要的疗效，所以没有被本草著作收录。古代称金为黄金，银为白金，铜为赤金。现在的铜有生铜和熟铜之分，炼制过的熟铜柔软且呈赤色，而本草中并没有使用它。现在的铜青和大钱都是生铜，都入药方使用，按照体例应归在下品。唐本注说：银和金，生长的地方不同，金又兼从水中产出。医家用银屑时，应当取现成的银箔，用水银将其溶解成泥状。加入硝石和盐研磨成粉，烧去水银，淘洗掉盐和石头，得到极细的粉末，这样使用才好。不得已时才磨取银屑。而且银到处都有，但以虢州出产的为优，其他地方多混杂锡等杂质，质量较差。高丽制作的贴剂说：并非出自银矿，但颜色发青，不如虢州的。还有黄银，《本经》未记载，俗传用器物辟邪，被视为瑞物。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：银屑，为君药。与银箔同用。主治定志，去除惊痫，治疗小儿癫疾狂走之病。
《图经本草》在金屑条目下已有详细记载。
《海药本草》说：谨按《南越志》记载：产自波斯国，有天生药银，波斯国人用它来试毒、制作指环。性大寒，无主要功效以坚固筋骨，能镇心安神，明目，治疗风热、癫疾等症。并入箔后装入丸散中服用。又在烧制朱粉的瓮底收集多年沉积物含有银，称为杯铅银，光泽柔软很好，与波斯银的功效相似，只是难以获得。现在的烧炼家，每斤生铅只能煎出一二铢。《山海经》说：东北乐平郡党少山出产很多银。黔地出产的银，质地坚硬，不堪入药。又按《唐贞观政要》记载：贞观十年，有理书御史权万纪上奏说：宣州、饶州各山的银坑非常多，开采非常有利可图。太宗皇帝说：我身为天子，什么都不缺，何必去开采呢？由此可知那里出产银。《子母秘录》记载：孕妇刚怀孕时，突然腰背疼痛如折断一般。用银一两，水三升，煎取二升，饮用。《太上八帝玄变经》说：银屑有益寿功效。青霞子《金液还丹论》说：银，能破冷除风。
《衍义》说：银屑，在金条中已经解释了屑的含义，银本来出于矿石，必须经过煎炼才能成为，所以名叫熟银，因此在后面单独设立生银条目。其用法与熟银大致相同。世间有术士，能用朱砂合成银，有用铅、汞合成的，有用焦铜合成的，这些都不再具有造化之气，怎么可以入药？既然有这类情况，不可不加以区别。所谓的生银，即不是从矿中出来，而是自然生成的，又叫做老翁须，也是取像命名的罢了。然而银屑在《经》中说有毒，生银在《经》中说无毒。解释者遗漏略去未说。大概因为生银已经发散于外，没有蕴郁之气，所以无毒。矿银尚蕴蓄在石头中，郁结之气完全未舒展通畅，所以说有毒。也厌恶锡。
Yin Qian (Silver Shavings)
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, toxic. It primarily benefits the five Zang organs, calms the Shen (Spirit), stops palpitations and fright, expels evil Qi, and with long-term use, makes the body light and prolongs life. Produced in Yongchang. No specific time for harvesting.
Tao Hongjing stated: The sources of silver are similar to those of gold, but both are produced within stones. The methods of refining and ingesting are also similar. In current medical prescriptions, it is used when compounding Zhenxin Wan (Calming the Heart Pill), but it should not be taken directly as a primary medicine. To make silver shavings, one should grind it with Mercury (Shuiyin, 水银) until it dissolves. Yongchang originally belonged to Yizhou and now belongs to Ningzhou. The *Xian Jing* (Immortal Classic) contains records of ingestion and refining methods; however, since there are no primary therapeutic effects recorded here, it was not included in the Bencao (Materia Medica). In ancient times, gold was called Huangjin (Yellow Metal/Gold), silver was called Baijin (White Metal/Silver), and copper was called Chijin (Red Metal/Copper). Currently, copper is divided into raw and refined types; refined copper is soft and reddish, but it is not used in the Bencao. Current Tongqing (Copper Green/Verdigris) and large coins are all made of raw copper, are used in prescriptions, and according to the classification system, should belong to the Lower Grade. The Tang Ben Zhu (Note on the Tang Materia Medica) states: Silver and gold grow in different places, and gold is also found in water. When physicians use Yin Qian, they should take ready-made silver foil, dissolve it with Mercury to form a paste. Add Niter (Xiaoshi, 硝石) and salt, grind into powder, heat to drive off the Mercury, wash away the salt and stones, and obtain an extremely fine powder, which is ideal for use. Only if unavoidable should one grind shavings directly. Moreover, silver is available everywhere, but that from Guozhou is superior; others often contain impurities like Tin, making them inferior. The foil makers from Goryeo state: it is not derived from silver ore, but its color is bluish-green and inferior to that from Guozhou. There is also Huangyin (Yellow Silver), which is not recorded in the *Ben Jing* (Classic of Materia Medica); popular belief holds that vessels made of it ward off evil and are considered auspicious objects. Minister Yuxi et al., according to *Yao Xing Lun* (Discussion on Medicinal Properties), state: Yin Qian serves as the Sovereign herb. Used together with Yinbo (Silver Foil). It primarily stabilizes the will, removes fright and epilepsy, and treats pediatric epilepsy with manic running behavior.
*Tujing Bencao* (Illustrated Materia Medica) has detailed entries under the section for Jin Xie (Gold Shavings).
*Haiyao Bencao* (Marine Drug Materia Medica) states: According to *Nanyue Zhi*, it comes from Persia. There is naturally occurring medicinal silver, which Persians use for testing poisons and making rings. It is very cold in nature. It has no primary function to strengthen sinews and bones, but can calm the heart and mind, improve vision, and treat wind-heat and epilepsy. It is incorporated into foils and administered in pills and powders. Also, collecting deposits from the bottom of urns used for burning cinnabar powder over many years yields silver, known as Beiqian Yin (Cup-Lead Silver), which is lustrous and soft, similar in efficacy to Persian silver, though difficult to obtain. Current refiners can only extract one or two zhu from every jin of raw lead. The *Shan Hai Jing* (Classic of Mountains and Seas) states: Dangshao Mountain in Leping Commandery in the northeast produces much silver. Silver from Qian is hard and unsuitable for medicinal use. Furthermore, according to *Zhenguan Zhengyao* (Essentials of Governance during the Zhenguan Era): In the tenth year, Censor Quan Wanjji memorialized that the mountains in Xuan and Rao prefectures had abundant silver mines, and mining them was highly profitable. Emperor Taizong said: "I, as the Son of Heaven, lack nothing. Why should I bother with extraction?" This confirms that silver is produced there. *Zimu Milu* (Secret Records of Mother and Child) records: When a woman first becomes pregnant, she may suddenly suffer severe lower back and abdominal pain as if broken. Use one liang of Silver, three sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng, and drink. *Taishang Badi Xu Bian Jing* states: Silver shavings promote longevity. Qingxiazi's *Jinye Huan Dan Lun* states: Silver breaks cold and dispels wind.
*Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) states: Regarding Yin Qian, the meaning of 'shavings' was already explained under the entry for Gold Bars. Silver originates from ore and must be smelted/refined to become what is called Shuyin (Refined Silver); therefore, a separate entry for Shengyin (Raw/Native Silver) is established later. Its usage is largely the same as Refined Silver. In the world, some alchemists can synthesize silver using Cinnabar (Zhusha, 朱砂), Lead (Qian, 铅) and Mercury (Hong, 汞), or scorched Copper. These do not possess the vital energy of natural creation and cannot be used in medicine. Since such cases exist, they must be distinguished. The so-called Raw Silver refers to silver that does not come from ore but occurs naturally; it is also called Laowengxu (Old Man's Beard), named by analogy. However, the *Jing* states that Yin Qian is toxic, while Shengyin is non-toxic. Commentators omitted this explanation. Probably because Raw Silver has already emerged outwardly, lacking stagnant Qi, thus it is non-toxic. Ore-bound Silver remains stored within stone, with condensed Qi not yet fully dispersed, hence it is described as toxic. It also dislikes Tin.