\r防已\pd183.bmp\r
味辛、苦，平、温，无毒。主风寒，温疟，热气，诸痫，除邪，利大小便，疗水肿风
肿，去膀胱热，伤寒，寒热邪气，中风手脚挛急，止泄，散痈肿恶结，诸蜗疥癣，虫疮，通
腠理，利九窍。一名解离。纹如车辐理解者良。生汉中川谷。二月、八月采根，阴干。（殷
孽为之使，杀雄黄毒，恶细辛，畏萆 。）
陶隐居云∶今出宜都、建平，大而青白色，虚软者好，黯黑冰强者不佳。服食亦须之。
是疗
风水家要药尔。唐本注云∶防己，本出汉中者，作车辐解，黄实而香，其青白虚软者，名木
防
己，都不任用。陶谓之佳者，盖未见汉中者尔。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶汉防己，君，味
苦
，有小毒。能治湿风，口面 斜，手足疼，散留痰，主肺气嗽喘。又云木防己，使，畏女菀
、卤咸，味苦、辛。能治男子肢节中风，毒风不语，主散结气，痈肿，温疟，风水肿，治膀
胱。萧炳云∶木防己出华州。
图经曰∶防己，生汉中川谷，今黔中亦有之。但汉中出者，破之纹
作车辐解，黄实而香，茎梗甚嫩，苗叶小类牵牛。折其茎，一头吹之，气从中贯，如木通类
。它处者青白虚软，又有腥气，皮皱，上有丁足子，名木防己。二月、八月采，阴干用。木
防己，虽今不入药，而古方亦通用之。张仲景治伤寒有增减木防己汤，及防己地黄、五物防
己、黄 六物等汤。深师疗膈间支满，其人喘满，心下痞坚，面黧黑，其脉沉紧，得之数十
日，吐下之乃愈，木防己汤主之。木防己二两，石膏二枚，鸡子大。碎，绵裹，桂心二两，
人
参四两，四物以水六升，煮取二升，分再服。虚者便愈，实者三日复发汗，至三日复不愈者
，宜去石膏，加芒硝三合。以水六升煮三味，取二升，去滓。纳芒硝，分再服。微下利则愈
。禁生葱。孙思邈疗遗溺，小溲涩，亦用三物木防己汤。
陈藏器云∶如陶所注，即是木防己，用体小同。按木、汉二防己，即是根、苗为名。汉
主水
气
，木主风气，宣通。作藤着木生，吹气通一头如通草。雷公云∶凡使，勿使木条，以其木条
已
黄、腥、皮皱，上有丁足子，不堪用。夫使防己要心花纹黄色者，然细锉，又锉车前草根相
对同蒸，半日后出晒，去车前草根，细锉用之。肘后方∶服雄黄中毒，防己汁解之。防己实
焙
干为末，如茶法煎服，俗用治脱肛。初虞世方∶治肺痿咯血，多痰。防己、葶苈等分为末。
糯米饮调下一钱。
防己
味辛、苦，性平、温，无毒。主治风寒、温疟、热气、各种癫痫，能祛除邪气，通利大小便，治疗水肿和风肿，清除膀胱热邪，治疗伤寒及寒热邪气，中风导致的手脚拘挛抽搐，止泻，消散痈肿和恶结，治疗各种蜗疥癣（皮肤寄生虫或真菌感染）、虫疮，疏通腠理（皮肤纹理与汗孔），通利九窍。又名解离。纹理像车轮辐条一样放射状分布且质地坚实者质量好。产于汉中地区的山谷中。二月、八月采集根部，阴干。（殷孽作为引经药，能中和雄黄的毒性；忌与细辛同用；畏萆薢。）
陶隐居说：现在出产于宜都、建平，个头大、青白色、质地虚软的好，颜色黯黑且质地坚硬的不佳。服用丹药也需要用到它。这是治疗风水病（风邪与水湿相搏所致的水肿）的重要药物。《唐本草》注解说：防己，原本出产于汉中的，切面纹理呈车轮辐条状，质地黄实且有香气；那些青白虚软的，名叫木防己，完全不能使用。陶弘景认为好的，大概是没有见过汉中产的罢了。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：汉防己，为君药，味苦，有小毒。能治疗风湿，口眼歪斜，手足疼痛，消散停滞的痰饮，主治肺气咳嗽气喘。又说木防己，为使药，畏女菀、卤咸，味苦、辛。能治疗男子肢节中风，毒风导致的失语，主治消散结气、痈肿、温疟、风水肿，治疗膀胱疾病。萧炳说：木防己出产于华州。
《图经》说：防己，生于汉中山谷，现在黔中也有出产。但汉中出产的，切开后面纹呈车轮辐条状，质地黄实且有香气，茎梗很嫩，苗叶小得像牵牛花。折断它的茎，从一头吹气，气流能从中间贯通，类似木通。其他地方出产的青白虚软，又有腥味，皮皱，上面有丁足子（突起物），名叫木防己。二月、八月采集，阴干使用。木防己，虽然现在不入药，但古方中也通用。张仲景治疗伤寒有加减木防己汤，以及防己地黄汤、五物防己汤、黄芪六物汤等方剂。深师治疗膈间支满（胸胁胀满），病人喘满，心下痞硬，面色黧黑，脉象沉紧，得病几十天，经过吐下法治疗后才好，用木防己汤主之。木防己二两，石膏两块如鸡蛋大。捣碎，用绵布包裹，桂心二两，人参四两，以上四味药用水六升，煮取二升，分两次服用。体质虚弱的服药后就会痊愈，体质实壮的三天后复发需发汗，到三天后仍不愈的，应当去掉石膏，加芒硝三合。用水六升煮其余三味，取二升，去渣。加入芒硝，分两次服用。轻微腹泻就算痊愈。禁食生葱。孙思邈治疗遗尿，小便涩痛，也用三物木防己汤。
陈藏器说：像陶弘景所注的，就是木防己，用药部位大体相同。按木防己、汉防己，就是以根、苗来命名的。汉防己主治水气病，木防己主治风气病，具有宣通作用。它是藤本植物附着在树上生长，吹气能从头通到尾，像通草一样。雷公说：凡使用防己，不要用木条状的，因为木条状的已经发黄、有腥味、皮皱，上面有丁足子，不堪使用。使用防己要选中心花纹黄色者，然后细细切碎，再切碎车前草根与之相对同蒸，半天后取出晒干，去掉车前草根，细细切碎使用。《肘后方》：服用雄黄中毒，用防己汁解毒。防己果实焙干研末，像煎茶那样煎服，民间常用治疗脱肛。初虞世方：治疗肺痿咯血，多痰。防己、葶苈子等分为末。糯米饮调服一钱。
Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix)
Acrid, bitter, neutral, warm, non-toxic. Mainly treats wind-cold, warm malaria, heat qi, various epilepsy cases; eliminates pathogenic factors, promotes urination and defecation, treats edema and wind-swelling, clears heat from the Bladder, treats cold damage (Shanghan), alternating chills and fever, hemiplegia with limb spasms, stops diarrhea, dissipates abscesses and malignant accumulations, treats various scabies, tinea, insect sores, opens interstices (Couli), and benefits the nine orifices. Also known as Jieli. Those with a texture resembling chariot spokes and solid quality are superior. Grows in valleys of Hanzhong. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the shade. (Yinie serves as an assistant drug, neutralizes the toxicity of Realgar; incompatible with Asari Radix; fears Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma.)
Tao Hongjing states: Currently produced in Yidu and Jianping, those that are large, greenish-white, and spongy/soft are good; those that are dark black and hard are poor. It is also required for elixir preparation. It is an essential medicine for treating Fengshui disease (edema caused by wind-water interaction). The *Tang Bencao* annotation notes: Fangji originally produced in Hanzhong has a cross-section pattern like chariot spokes, is yellow and solid, and fragrant; those that are greenish-white and spongy are named Mu Fangji (Wood Fangji) and should not be used at all. Tao considered them good probably because he had not seen the Hanzhong variety. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully note according to *Yaoxing Lun*: Han Fangji is the Sovereign drug, bitter in taste, slightly toxic. It can treat damp-wind, facial paralysis, pain in hands and feet, dissipate retained phlegm, and main lung qi cough and asthma. It also states that Mu Fangji is the Assistant drug, fears Nuan and Luxian, acrid and bitter in taste. It can treat wind-stroke in limbs and joints of men, aphasia due to toxic wind, mainly dissipates stagnant qi, abscesses, warm malaria, wind-water edema, and treats Bladder diseases. Xiao Bing states: Mu Fangji is produced in Huazhou.
*Tujing* states: Fangji grows in valleys of Hanzhong, and is now also found in Qianzhong. However, those from Hanzhong, when broken, show a chariot-spoke pattern, are yellow and solid, and fragrant; the stems are very tender, and the seedlings and leaves are small and resemble Ipomoea. If you break its stem and blow into one end, air passes through completely, similar to Akebiae Caulis. Those from other places are greenish-white and spongy, have a fishy odor, wrinkled skin, and have "Dingzuzi" (nipple-like protrusions) on top, named Mu Fangji. Harvested in February and August, dried in the shade for use. Although Mu Fangji is no longer used in modern prescriptions, it was commonly used in ancient formulas. Zhang Zhongjing treated cold damage with Modified Mu Fangji Decoction, as well as Fangji Dihuang Decoction, Wuwu Fangji Decoction, and Huangqi Liuwu Decoction. Shenshi treated fullness and distension in the epigastrium/chest, wheezing and fullness, hardness below the heart, darkened complexion, and a deep-tight pulse; after dozens of days, if vomiting and purging methods were applied and then cured, Mu Fangji Decoction is the primary treatment. Mu Fangji 2 liang, Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) two pieces the size of a chicken egg, crushed and wrapped in silk, Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex) 2 liang, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 4 liang. These four ingredients are boiled in 6 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng, divided into two doses. For deficient patients, recovery occurs immediately; for excess patients, relapse occurs after three days requiring sweating therapy; if still uncured after three more days, remove Shi Gao and add Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 3 he. Boil the remaining three ingredients in 6 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng, strain. Add Mangxiao, divide into two doses. Mild diarrhea indicates cure. Raw green onion is prohibited. Sun Simiao treated enuresis and dysuria using Sanwu Mu Fangji Decoction.
Chen Cangqi states: As annotated by Tao, this is Mu Fangji, with similar medicinal parts. According to the naming based on root vs. sprout, Han Fangji mainly treats Water Qi (water pathology), while Mu Fangji mainly treats Wind Qi, possessing dispersing and unblocking properties. It is a vine growing on trees, air passes through from one end to the other like Tongcao (Akebiae Caulis). Lei Gong states: When using Fangji, do not use woody strips, as they are already yellow, fishy-smelling, wrinkled, and have Dingzuzi, making them unusable. To use Fangji, select those with yellow center patterns, finely chop, then chop Cheqiancao Gen (Plantaginis Radix) and steam them together. After half a day, take out and dry, remove Cheqiancao Gen, and finely chop for use. *Zhouhou Fang*: Juice of Fangji detoxifies Realgar poisoning. Dried and powdered Fangji fruit is decocted like tea; folk usage treats rectal prolapse. Chu Yushi's Formula: Treats Fei Wei (Lung Withering) with hemoptysis and excessive phlegm. Fangji and Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) in equal parts, made into powder. Take 1 qian mixed with glutinous rice drink.