味甘，温，无毒。主补虚，强腰脚，益肾，食之不饥。晒干功用强于薯蓣，有数此
则是其一也。一本云∶大如鸡子，小者如弹丸，在叶下生。
主百病，长生，神仙。亦煮花汁酿酒服之。《异类》云∶凤刚者，渔阳人也，常采
百花，水渍，封泥埋之百日，煎为丸。卒死者，纳口中即活。胡刚服药，百余岁，入地肺山
。《列仙传》云∶尧时赤松子服之，得仙。
味甘，平，无毒。久服令人好颜色，变白却老。生西国，胡人将来至中国
也。
味苦、辛，温，无毒。主一切风血，补益，攻诸病。煮之，亦浸酒。生蜀川山谷
。叶细长，在诸草中羊不吃者是。
味甘，无毒。主补虚，益气力，久食不饥，浓肠胃。生南方池泽。大如荇，花黄
，未开前如算袋，根如藕，饥年当谷也。
主长年不饥。生泰山石上，如花蕊，为丸散服之。今时无复有。王隐《晋书》曰∶庾
褒入林KT 山，食木实，饵石蕊，得长年也。
主小儿酢疮。煮汤浴，亦捣敷之。酢疮，头小，大硬。小者，此疮或有不因药而自
瘥者。当丹毒入腹必危，可预饮冷药以防之，兼用此草洗疮。亦明目，去肤翳，挪汁滴目中
。生阶庭间。高二、三寸，叶细有雁齿，似离鬲草，北地不生也。
味甘，性温，无毒。主要功效为补虚损，强健腰膝，益肾气，食用后不易感到饥饿。晒干后的功效强于薯蓣（山药），有“数此则是其一也”的说法，指的就是这种药材。另一种说法称：其块茎大如鸡蛋，小的如弹丸，生长在叶片下方。
主治百病，使人长生不老，成仙。也可以煮花汁来酿酒服用。《异类》记载：凤刚是渔阳人，经常采集百花，用水浸泡，用泥封好埋藏一百天，煎煮制成丸药。对于猝死的人，将药丸纳入口中即可复活。胡刚服用此药，活了一百多岁，后来进入地肺山修道。《列仙传》记载：尧时期的赤松子服用此药，得以成仙。
味甘，性平，无毒。长期服用能使面色红润，变白抗衰老。产于西域，由胡人传入中国。
味甘，性平，无毒。主治长生不饥，使头发乌黑。产于太行山，形状像藕。
味苦、辛，性温，无毒。主治各种风血病症，具有补益作用，能治疗多种疾病。可以煮服，也可以浸酒饮用。产于蜀川山谷。叶子细长，在众草中羊不吃的是这种。
味甘，无毒。主治补虚损，益气力，长期食用不感到饥饿，能厚肠胃。产于南方池泽。植株大如荇菜，花黄色，未开放前像算袋，根像藕，荒年时可当粮食吃。
主治延年益寿，长期不饥。产于泰山石上，如花蕊，制成丸散服用。现在已无此物。王隐《晋书》记载：庾褒进入林KT山，食用木实，服用石蕊，得以长寿。
主治小儿醋疮。煮汤洗澡，也可捣碎外敷。醋疮特点是头小，根部大而硬。小的醋疮有时即使不用药也能自愈。如果丹毒入腹则必然危险，可预先饮用冷药以防之，同时用此草清洗疮口。也能明目，去除眼翳，取汁滴入眼中。产于阶庭之间。高两、三寸，叶子细且有雁齿状边缘，类似离鬲草，北方不生长。
Sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats deficiency and emptiness, strengthens the waist and legs, benefits the Kidney (Zang-organ), and prevents hunger after consumption. When dried, its efficacy is stronger than that of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shuyu); there is a saying that "counting this as one of them" refers to this herb. Another account states: the tuber is as large as a chicken egg, smaller ones like a pellet, growing beneath the leaves.
It treats a hundred diseases, promotes longevity, and enables immortality. The flower juice can also be boiled to make wine for consumption. *Yi Lei* records: Feng Gang was from Yuyang; he often gathered flowers from all plants, soaked them in water, sealed them with mud, and buried them for one hundred days, then decocted them into pills. For those who died suddenly, placing the pill in the mouth would revive them. Hu Gang took this medicine and lived over a hundred years before entering Difei Mountain to cultivate immortality. *Lie Xian Zhuan* (Biographies of Immortals) records: Chisongzi during the reign of Emperor Yao consumed this herb and attained immortality.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Long-term consumption improves complexion, whitens the skin, and reverses aging. It originates from the Western Regions and was brought to China by Hu people.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It treats longevity and prevention of hunger, and darkens hair. It grows in the Taihang Mountains and resembles lotus root.
Bitter and pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats all wind-blood disorders, provides tonification, and attacks various diseases. It can be decocted or infused in wine. It grows in the valleys of Shu Province. Its leaves are slender; among various herbs, the one that sheep refuse to eat is this species.
Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It treats deficiency, boosts Qi and strength, prevents hunger with long-term consumption, and thickens the intestines and stomach. It grows in southern marshes. The plant is as large as Nymphoides peltata (Xingcai); the flowers are yellow, resembling abacus bags before blooming; the roots resemble lotus root; it served as grain in famine years.
It treats longevity and prevention of hunger. It grows on rocks in Mount Tai, resembling flower stamens, and is taken as pills or powders. It is no longer available today. Wang Yin's *Jin Shu* (Book of Jin) records: Yu Bao entered Lin KT Mountain, ate tree fruits, and consumed Shi Rui (Stone Stamens), thereby achieving longevity.
It treats pediatric acne-like sores (Cu Chuang). A decoction can be used for bathing, or the herb can be crushed and applied externally. Cu Chuang is characterized by a small head and a large, hard base. Minor cases may heal spontaneously without medication. However, if Dan Du (erysipelas/toxin) enters the abdomen, the condition becomes critical; cold-natured medicines should be ingested prophylactically, and this herb should be used to wash the sores. It also brightens the eyes and removes corneal opacities; its juice can be dripped into the eyes. It grows between steps and courtyards. It is two to three cun tall, with slender leaves having serrated edges resembling goose teeth, similar to Ligularia dentata (Lige Cao), and does not grow in the northern regions.