若夫世人使药，岂知自有君臣；既辨君臣，宁分相制。只如 毛（今盐草也。）沾溺，
立销班
肿之毒；象胆挥粘，乃知药有情异。 鱼插树，立便干枯；用狗涂之，（以犬胆灌之，插鱼
处，立如故也。）却当荣盛。无名（无名异，形似玉柳石，又如锻石味别。）止楚，截指而似
去甲毛。圣石开盲，明目而如云离日。当归止血、破血，头尾效各不同；（头止血，尾破血
。）蕤子熟生，足睡不眠立据。弊 淡卤，（常使者甑中 ，能淡盐味。）如酒沾交。（今蜜枳
缴枝，又云交加枝。）铁遇神砂，如泥似粉；石经鹤粪，化作尘飞。 见橘花似髓。断弦折
剑，遇鸾血而如初；（以鸾血炼作胶，粘折处，铁物永不断。）海竭江枯，投游波（燕子是也
。）而立泛。令铅拒火，须仗修天；（今呼为补天石。）如要形坚，岂忘紫背。（有紫背天葵，
如常食葵菜，只是背紫面青，能坚铅形。）留砒住鼎，全赖宗心。（别有宗心草，今呼石竹，
不是食者棕，恐误。其草出 州，生处多虫兽。）雌得芹花，（其草名为立起，其形如芍药，
花色青，可长三尺以来，叶上黄斑色，味苦涩，堪用，煮雌黄立住火。）立便成庚； 遇赤
须，（其草名赤须，今呼为虎须草是，用煮 砂，即生火验。）永留金鼎。水中生火，非
KT髓
而莫能；（海中有兽名曰KT ，以髓入在油中，其油沾水，水中火生，不可救之，用酒喷之
即
，勿于屋下收。）长齿生牙赖雄鼠之骨末。（其齿若折，年多不生者，取雄鼠脊骨作末，揩
折处，齿立生如故。）发眉堕落，涂半夏而立生；（眉发堕落者，以生半夏茎炼之，取涎涂发
落处，立生。目辟眼KT ，有五花而自正。（五加皮是也。其叶有雄雌，三叶为雄，五叶为
雌
，须使五药者，作末酒浸饮之，其目者正。）脚生肉 ， 系菪根；（脚有肉 者，取莨菪根
，于 带上系之，感应永不痛。）囊皱旋多，夜煎竹木。（多小便者，夜煎萆 一件服之，永
不夜起也。）体寒腹大，全赖鸬 ；（若患腹大如鼓。米饮调鸬 末服，立枯如故也。）血泛
经过，饮调瓜子。（甜瓜子内仁捣作末，去油，饮调服之，立绝。）咳逆数数，酒服熟雄；（
天雄炮过，以酒调一钱匕服，立定也。）遍体疹风，冷调生侧。（附子傍生者曰侧子，作末，
冷酒服，立瘥也。）肠虚泻痢，须假草零；（捣五倍子作末，以熟水下之，立止也。）久渴心
烦，宜投竹沥，除症去块，全仗硝 ；（硝、 即 砂、硝石二味。于乳钵中研作粉，同锻
了，酒服，神效也。）益食加觞，须煎芦朴。（不食者，并饮酒少者，煎逆水芦根并浓朴二味
，汤服。）强筋健骨，须是苁鳝；（苁蓉并鳝鱼二味，作末，以黄精汁丸服之，可力倍常十也
。出《干宁记》宰。）驻色延年，精蒸神锦。（出颜色，服黄精自然汁拌细研神锦，于柳木
甑中蒸七日了，以木蜜丸服，颜貌可如幼女之容色也。知疮所在，口点阴胶；（阴胶即是甑
中气垢，少许于口中，即知脏腑所起，直彻至住处知痛，足可医也。）产后肌浮，甘皮酒服
。（产后肌浮，酒服甘皮，立愈。）口疮舌坼，立愈黄苏。（口疮舌坼，以根黄涂酥炙作末，
含之立瘥。）脑痛欲亡，鼻投硝末；（头痛者，以硝石作末纳鼻中，立止。）心痛欲死，速觅
延胡（以延胡索作散，酒服之，立愈也。）如斯百种，是药之功。某忝遇明时，谬看医理；
虽
寻圣法，难可穷微。略陈药饵之功能，岂溺仙人之要术，其制药炮、熬、煮、炙，不能记年
月哉？欲审元由，须看海集。某不量短见，直录炮、熬、煮、炙，列药制方，分为上、中
、下三卷，有三百件名，具陈于后∶
凡方云丸如细麻子许者，取重四两鲤鱼目比之。
云大麻子许者，取重六两鲤鱼目比之。
云如小豆许者，取重八两鲤鱼目比之。
云如大豆许者，取重十两鲤鱼目比之。
云如兔蕈（俗云兔屎）许者，取重十二两鲤鱼目比之。
云如梧桐子许者，取重十四两鲤鱼目比之。
云如弹子许者，取重十六两鲤鱼目比之。
一十五个白珠为准，是一弹丸也。
凡云水一溢、二溢至十溢者，每溢称之，重十二两为度。
凡云一两、一分、一铢者，正用今丝绵称也。勿得将四铢为一分；有误，必所损兼伤药
力。
凡云散，只作散。丸，只作丸。或酒煮，或用醋，或乳煎，一如法则。
凡方炼蜜，每一斤只炼得十二两半，或一分。是数若火少，若火过，并用不得也。
凡膏煎中用脂，先须炼去革膜了，方可用也。
凡修事诸药物等，一一并须专心，勿令交杂，或先熬后煮，或先煮后熬，不得改移，一
根据法
凡修合丸药。用蜜，只用蜜；用饧，只用饧；用糖，只用糖。勿交杂用，必宣泻人也。
至于世人使用药物，哪里知道药物自有君臣佐使的配伍原则；既然辨别了君臣，又怎能分清相须、相使、相畏、相恶等相互制约的关系呢？
就像毛（即现在的盐草）沾上尿液，立刻就能消除斑蝥引起的肿胀毒性；象胆具有粘性，才知道药物也有性情差异。鱼插在树上，立刻就会干枯；如果用狗胆汁涂抹在插鱼的地方，（用犬胆灌入插鱼处），鱼立刻就恢复原状。无名异（形状像玉柳石，又像锻石，味道不同）能止痛，截断手指后似乎去掉了指甲。圣石能治疗白内障，明目如同云雾散去太阳重现。当归既能止血又能破血，其头尾的功效各不相同；（头部止血，尾部破血）。蕤仁生熟不同，熟者能安神助眠，生者能治失眠。弊淡卤（常使用的蒸锅中的甑气，能淡化盐味），就像酒沾上了交加枝。（现在是蜜枳缴枝，又称交加枝）。铁遇到神砂，变得像泥一样软、像粉一样细；石头经过鹤粪处理，化作灰尘飞扬。见到橘花像髓一样。断弦折剑，遇到鸾血就恢复如初；（用鸾血炼制成胶，粘合断裂处，铁器永远不再断裂）。海水枯竭，投入游波（燕子），立刻就能漂浮起来。铅遇到火要抗拒，必须依靠补天石；（现在称为补天石）。如果要使形体坚固，怎能忘记紫背天葵。（有紫背天葵，像平常吃的葵菜，只是背面紫色正面青色，能使铅的形状坚固）。留住砒霜不使其升华，全赖宗心草。（另有宗心草，现在称为石竹，不是食用的棕榈，恐怕弄错。这种草出产于某州，生长处多有虫兽）。雌黄遇到芹花，（这种草名叫立起，形状像芍药，花色青，可长三尺左右，叶上有黄色斑点，味道苦涩，可以使用，煮雌黄时加入它立刻就能止住火性），立刻变成庚金；遇到赤须草，（这种草名叫赤须，现在称为虎须草，用它煮朱砂，就会产生火性验证），永远留在金鼎中。水中生火，没有海KT髓是不能做到的；（海中有种兽名叫KT，将它的髓放入油中，这种油沾水，水中就会起火，无法扑灭，用酒喷洒即可熄灭，不要在屋檐下收集）。牙齿再生依赖雄鼠的骨粉。（如果牙齿折断，多年不长，取雄鼠脊骨磨成粉，擦拭折断处，牙齿立刻再生如旧）。头发眉毛脱落，涂抹半夏立刻生长；（眉发脱落者，用生半夏茎提炼取其汁液涂抹在脱发处，立刻生长。眼睛斜视，有五花（五加皮）自然端正。（五加皮分雄雌，三叶为雄，五叶为雌，必须使用五叶的，磨成粉用酒浸泡饮用，患眼疾者眼睛自然端正）。脚上长出肉赘，系上莨菪根；（脚上有肉赘者，取莨菪根，系在腰带带上，感应之下永不疼痛）。小便频多，夜间煎服萆薢。（夜尿频多者，夜间煎服萆薢一味药，永远不再夜起）。身体寒冷腹部胀大，全赖鸬鹚；（如果患有腹大如鼓的病，用米汤调服鸬鹚末，立刻枯瘦如故）。血液泛滥经过，饮调瓜子。（甜瓜子内仁捣碎去油，用水调服，立刻停止）。咳嗽气逆频繁，酒服熟天雄；（天雄炮制后，用酒调服一钱匕，立刻安定）。遍体疹风，冷酒调服生侧子。（附子旁生的叫做侧子，磨成粉，用冷酒服下，立刻痊愈）。肠道虚寒导致泻痢，需要借助五倍子；（捣碎五倍子作末，用熟水送下，立刻停止）。久渴心烦，宜投竹沥，去除症块，全仗硝砂；（硝砂、硝石两味药。在乳钵中研成粉，同锻后，用酒服下，效果神奇）。食欲减退饮酒少，需煎芦根和厚朴。（不吃饭或饮酒少的人，煎煮逆水芦根和浓朴两味药，汤服）。强健筋骨，必须是肉苁蓉和鳝鱼；（肉苁蓉和鳝鱼两味药，磨成粉，用黄精汁丸服，力气可增加十倍。出自《干宁记》宰）。驻颜延年，精蒸神锦。（改善面色，服用黄精自然汁拌细研的神锦，在柳木甑中蒸七日，以木蜜丸服，容貌可像幼女一样。知道疮疡所在，口点阴胶；（阴胶就是蒸锅中的气垢，少许放入口中，就知道脏腑病变所在，直达痛处，足以医治）。产后肌肤浮肿，甘皮酒服。（产后肌肤浮肿，酒服甘皮，立刻痊愈）。口舌生疮裂开，立刻用黄苏治愈。（口疮舌裂，用根黄涂酥炙后磨成粉，含之立刻痊愈）。头痛欲死，鼻投硝末；（头痛者，将硝石磨成粉纳入鼻中，立刻停止）。心痛欲死，速觅延胡索。（将延胡索作散剂，酒服，立刻痊愈）。像这样百种情况，都是药物的功效。我有幸逢遇清明时代，错误地研读医理；虽然追寻圣人的法度，难以穷尽其中的微妙。简要陈述药饵的功能，岂是沉溺于仙人的秘术，那些制药的炮、熬、煮、炙的方法，难道不能记述年月吗？想要审察根本原因，必须看《海集》。我不自量力，直接记录炮、熬、煮、炙，列出药制方，分为上、中、下三卷，共有三百种名称，详细陈述如下：
凡是方中说丸药如细麻子大小的，取重四两鲤鱼目相比。
说如大麻子大小的，取重六两鲤鱼目相比。
说如小豆大小的，取重八两鲤鱼目相比。
说如大豆大小的，取重十两鲤鱼目相比。
说如兔蕈（俗话叫兔屎）大小的，取重十二两鲤鱼目相比。
说如梧桐子大小的，取重十四两鲤鱼目相比。
说如弹子大小的，取重十六两鲤鱼目相比。
十五个白珠为准，就是一个弹丸的重量。
凡是说水一溢、二溢至十溢的，每溢称重，以十二两为限度。
凡是说一两、一分、一铢的，正使用现在的丝绵秤。不要把四铢当作一分；如果有误，必定损害并伤害药力。
凡是说散剂，只做成散剂。丸药，只做成丸药。或者酒煮，或者用醋，或者乳汁煎，一律按照法则。
凡是方中炼蜜，每一斤只能炼得十二两半，或者一分。这个数量如果火小，或者火过大，都不能使用。
凡是膏煎中使用油脂，必须先炼制去掉革膜，然后才能使用。
凡是修整各种药物等，一一都必须专心，不要令其混杂，或者先熬后煮，或者先煮后熬，不得改变移动，一律根据法则。
凡是修合丸药。用蜜，只用蜜；用饴糖，只用饴糖；用糖，只用糖。不要混杂使用，必定会导致人腹泻。
As for the common people's use of medicines, how could they know that there is naturally a hierarchy of Sovereign (Jun), Minister (Chen), Assistant (Zuo), and Courier (Shi); since they distinguish between Sovereign and Minister, how can they possibly differentiate between mutual enhancement (Xiang Xu), mutual promotion (Xiang Shi), mutual inhibition (Xiang Wei), and mutual aversion (Xiang E)?
Just as Mao (now known as Yanscao, Salt Grass) when沾 (stained with) urine, immediately dissolves the toxicity causing swelling from Banmiao (Mylabris); Xiangdan (Elephant Gallbladder) being sticky shows that medicines have distinct natures. A fish inserted into a tree immediately dries up; but if applied with Goudan (Dog Gallbladder), (by pouring dog gall into the insertion point), it returns to its original state. Wumingyi (Wumingyi Mineral, resembling Yuliushi or Duanshi in shape and taste) stops pain; after amputating a finger, it seems to remove the nail. Shengshi (Holy Stone) opens blindness, clarifies vision like clouds dispersing to reveal the sun. Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) both stops bleeding and invigorates blood; its head and tail have different effects: (the head stops bleeding, the tail breaks blood). Ruizi (Prunus mume seed) cooked or raw determines sleep: cooked aids sleep, raw treats insomnia. Bidanlu (residue from steaming vessels) can dilute saltiness, similar to Jiu zhan Jiaojiao (wine mixed with Zhijiao branch, also called Jiaojiao branch). Iron encountering Shensha (Cinnabar) becomes soft as clay and fine as powder; stones treated with He fen (Crane excrement) turn to flying dust. Seeing orange flowers resembles marrow. Broken strings and swords restored to original condition by Luanyue (Luan Blood); (Luan blood refined into glue, sticking broken parts so iron never breaks again). When seas dry and rivers vanish, throwing in Youbo (Swallow) makes things float immediately. Lead resisting fire requires Xiutian (Sky-Mending Stone, now called Butianshi); to make the form firm, one cannot forget Zibei (Purple-backed Tiankui). There is Zibeitiankui, resembling common edible kuaicai, but purple on back and green on front, capable of solidifying lead forms. Retaining Pishuang (Arsenic Trioxide) in the crucible relies entirely on Zongxin (Zongxin Grass, now called Shizhu, not edible palm, beware of confusion). This grass grows in certain prefectures where many insects and beasts exist. Cihuang (Realgar) meeting Qinhua (Celery Flower): (The herb is named Liqi, resembling Peony, blue-green flowers, growing up to three feet, leaves with yellow spots, bitter-astringent taste, usable; boiling Cihuang with it instantly stops fire properties), instantly becoming Geng Metal; encountering Chixu (Red Whisker Grass, now called Huxu Grass), used to boil Zhu Sha (Cinnabar), generates fire verification, forever remaining in the Golden Crucible. Fire generating in water cannot be achieved without Hai KT sui (Sea KT Marrow); (There is a beast in the sea named KT, placing its marrow in oil; this oil touching water generates uncontrollable fire, extinguishable only by spraying wine, do not collect under eaves). Growing teeth relies on Xiongshu zhi gu mo (Male Rat Spine Bone Powder). (If teeth break and fail to regrow for years, take male rat spine bone powder, rub on the broken area, teeth regenerate immediately). Falling hair and eyebrows grow back upon applying Banxia (Pinellia); (For falling brows and hair, refine fresh Pinellia stems, extract the juice, apply to bald areas, hair grows immediately). Strabismus (Pi Yan) corrects itself with Wu Hua (Five-Leaf Acanthopanax/Wujia Pi). (Wujia Pi has male and female varieties; three leaves are male, five are female. Use the five-leaf variety, grind to powder, soak in wine and drink, eye conditions will straighten). Flesh growth on feet cured by tying Sangdang gen (Datura root); (For flesh growths on feet, tie Datura root to the belt, through resonance, pain ceases permanently). Frequent urination at night cured by decocting Bibi (Dioscorea hypoglauca); (For nocturia, decoct Bibi alone at night, prevents night waking). Cold body and distended abdomen rely on Luchi (Cormorant); (For abdominal distension like a drum, mix Cormorant powder with rice water, causes immediate emaciation). Overflowing blood stopped by drinking Gua Zi (Melon Seed); (Sweet melon seeds pounded, oil removed, taken with water, stops bleeding immediately). Frequent coughing and reverse qi settled by taking Shu Xion (Cooked Tianxiong/Aconitum lateral root preparation) with wine; (Paozhi Tianxiong mixed with wine, one qianbi dose settles it instantly). Generalized wind rashes cured by cold Lingjiu Tiaosheng Cezi (Raw Side-root of Aconite); (Side-roots of Aconite ground to powder, taken with cold wine, heals instantly). Intestinal deficiency with diarrhea and dysentery requires Cao Ling (Wubeizi/Gallnut); (Gallnut powder taken with cooked water stops diarrhea instantly). Long-term thirst and vexation suit Zhuli (Bamboo Juice); removing masses relies on Xiaosha (Niter/Crystal). (Xiaosha and Nishi two substances. Ground in mortar, calcined together, taken with wine for divine effect). Poor appetite and reduced drinking require Lu Pu (Reed Root and Magnolia Bark); (For anorexia or low alcohol tolerance, decoct Ni Shui Lugen and Houpo, taken as soup). Strengthening sinews and bones requires Congshan (Cistanche and Eel); (Cistanche and eel ground to powder, pillified with Huangjing juice, increases strength tenfold. From "Ganning Ji" Zai). Preserving complexion and prolonging life requires Jing Zheng Shenjin (Steamed Divine Brocade); (Improves complexion, takes Huangjing natural juice mixed with finely ground Shenjin, steamed in willow wood steamer for seven days, pillified with wood honey, restores youthful appearance). Knowing ulcer locations, applying Yinjiao (Crucible Soot) orally indicates organ pathology reaching the painful site, sufficient for diagnosis. Postpartum edema cured by Ganpi (Licorice Root) with wine; (Postpartum facial/body swelling, wine-administered Licorice root heals instantly). Mouth ulcers and cracked tongue healed by Huangsu (Yellow Butter); (Mouth ulcers/cracked tongue, coat with yellow butter roasted powder, holds in mouth for instant relief). Severe headache relieved by Nasal Xiaomo (Niter Powder); (Headache, insufflate Niter powder into nose, stops instantly). Fatal heart pain seeks Yantu (Corydalis); (Corydalis powder taken with wine heals instantly). Such are a hundred cases demonstrating medicinal efficacy. I, unworthy, encountered a enlightened era, erroneously studied medical principles; though seeking sage methods, difficult to exhaust subtleties. Briefly stating drug functions, not indulging in immortal arts, regarding processing methods like Pao (roasting), Ao (simmering), Zhu (boiling), Zhi (frying), how can their chronology be forgotten? To examine origins, must consult "Haiji". Measuring my short sight, I directly record Pao, Ao, Zhu, Zhi, listing formulas, divided into Upper, Middle, Lower volumes, three hundred items detailed below:
Any formula stating pills size of fine hemp seeds, compare weight to 4 liang carp eyes.
Stating size of large hemp seeds, compare to 6 liang carp eyes.
Stating size of small beans, compare to 8 liang carp eyes.
Stating size of large beans, compare to 10 liang carp eyes.
Stating size of rabbit mushrooms (vulgarly rabbit feces), compare to 12 liang carp eyes.
Stating size of parasol tree seeds, compare to 14 liang carp eyes.
Stating size of bullet/pearl, compare to 16 liang carp eyes.
Fifteen white pearls equal one bullet-sized pill.
Any formula stating 1 yi, 2 yi to 10 yi of water, weigh each yi, limit is 12 liang.
Any formula stating 1 liang, 1 fen, 1 zhu, use current silk cotton scale. Do not mistake 4 zhu for 1 fen; error damages drug potency.
Any formula stating San (Powder), make only powder. Wan (Pill), make only pill. Or wine-boiled, or vinegar-used, or milk-decocted, all follow rules.
Refining honey in formulas: every jin yields only 12.5 liang or 1 fen. If fire too weak or too strong, neither is usable.
Decoction using fat: first refine to remove membrane before use.
Processing various drugs: focus exclusively, avoid mixing. Order of Ao then Zhu, or Zhu then Ao, must not change, strictly follow law.
Compounding pills: if using honey, use only honey; if using maltose, use only maltose; if using sugar, use only sugar. Do not mix, otherwise causes diarrhea.