\r韭\pd531.bmp\r
味辛、微酸，温，无毒。归心，安五脏，除胃中热，利病患，可久食。
子 主梦泄精，溺白。
根 主养发。
陶隐居云∶韭子入棘刺诸丸，主漏精；用根，入生发膏；用叶，以煮鲫鱼 ，断卒下痢
多验
。但此菜殊辛臭，虽煮食之，便出犹奇熏灼，不如葱、薤熟即无气，最是养性所忌也。今按
陈藏器本草云∶韭，温中下气，补虚，调和脏腑，令人能食，益阳，止泄白脓，腹冷痛，并
煮
服，解药毒。疗狂狗咬人欲发者，亦杀诸蛇、虺、蝎、恶虫毒。取
根捣和酱汁，灌马鼻虫颡。又捣根汁多服，主胸痹骨痛不可触者。俗云韭叶是草钟乳，言其
宜人，信然也。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶KT ，山韭。释曰∶《说文》云∶菜名，一种而久者
，故谓之韭。山中生者名KT 。《韩诗》云∶六月食郁及KT 是也。孟诜云∶热病后十日，
不可食
又，胸痹，心中急痛如锥刺，不得俯仰，自汗出；或痛彻背上，不治或
至死。可取生韭或根五斤，洗，捣汁灌少许，即吐胸中恶血。萧炳云∶韭子合龙骨服，甚补
中。小儿初生，与韭根汁灌之，即吐出恶水，令无病、日华子云∶韭，热，下气，补虚，和
腑脏，益阳，止泄精，尿血，暖腰膝，除心主腹痼冷，胸中痹冷， 癖气及腹痛等食之。肥
白人中风失音，研汁服。心脾骨痛甚，生研服。蛇、犬咬并恶疮，捣敷。多食昏神暗目，酒
后尤忌，不可与蜜同食。又云子暖腰膝，治鬼交甚效，入药炒用。
图经曰∶韭，旧不着所出州土，今处处有之。谨按许慎《说文解字》云∶菜名，一种而
久
者，故谓之韭。故圃人种莳，一岁而三、四割之，其根不伤，至冬壅培
之，先春而复生，信乎一种而久者也。在菜中，此物最温而益人，
宜常食之。《易稽览图》云∶政道得则阴物变为阳。郑康成注云∶若葱变为韭是也。然则葱
冷而韭温，可验矣。又有一种山韭，形性亦相类，但根白，叶如灯心苗。《尔雅》所谓KT
（
羊六切），山韭。《韩诗》云∶六月食郁及藿，皆谓此也。山中往往有之，而人多不识耳。
韭子得桑螵蛸、龙骨，主漏精。葛洪、孙思邈皆有方。崔元亮《海上方》治腰脚，韭子
一升，拣择，蒸两炊以来，曝干，簸去黑皮，炒令黄，捣成粉。安息香二大两，水煮一、二
百沸
二物相和，捣为丸，如干，入蜜亦得。每日空腹以酒下二十丸以来讫
，以饭三、五匙压之，大佳。根亦入药用。
陈藏器注云∶取子生吞三十粒，空心盐汤下，止梦泄精及溺白，大效。食疗∶亦可作菹，
空
心食之，甚验。此物炸熟，以盐、醋空心吃一盘，可十顿以上。甚治胸膈咽气，利胸膈，甚
验
之，即吐出胸中恶血，永无诸病。五月勿食韭。若值时馑之年，可
与米同功，种之一亩，可供十口食。圣惠方∶治虚劳肾损，梦中泄精。用韭子二两，微炒
为散。食前酒下二钱匕。外台秘要∶治虚劳尿精。新韭子二升，十月霜后采，好酒八合渍一
宿。
捣一万杵。平旦温酒服方寸匕，日再服，立瘥，佳。千金方∶治百
即瘥。又方∶治喉肿不下食。
以韭一把，捣熬敷之，冷即易之。肘后方∶
而唾其面，则活。取韭捣汁
吹鼻孔，冬月用韭根
又方∶男女梦与
人交，精便泄出，此内虚邪气感发。熬韭子捣末酒渍，稍稍服。经验方∶治五般疮癣。以韭
根炒存
油调敷之，三度瘥。食医心镜∶止水谷痢，作羹、粥、炸、炒，任食之。又
又云正月之节，食五辛以辟
厉气。蒜、葱、韭、薤、姜。又方∶卒中恶，捣
之。《食医心镜》同。子母秘
录∶治小儿患黄。
煎服一合。又方∶卒刺
肿。捣韭及蓝置上，以火灸，热彻即瘥。黄帝云∶霜韭冻，不可生食，动宿饮，令人必吐水
出。
令人乏气力。秦运副云有人消渴，引饮无度，或令食韭黄，其渴遂止。
或炒或作羹，无入盐，极效。
但吃得十斤即佳，过清明勿吃，入酱无妨。
衍义曰∶韭，春食则香，夏食则臭，多食则昏神。子，止精滑甚良。未出粪土为韭黄，
最不
益人，食之滞气。盖含噎郁未之气，故如是。孔子曰∶不时不食，正为此辈。花，食之动风。
\r薤\pd532.bmp\r
味辛、苦，温，无毒。主金疮疮败，轻身，不饥耐老，归于骨。菜芝也。除寒热，去水
气，温中，散结，利病患。诸疮，中风寒水肿，以涂之。生鲁山平泽。
陶隐居云∶葱、薤异物，而今共条。《本经》既无韭，以其同类故也，今亦取为副品种
数。
方∶家多用葱白及叶中涕，名葱苒（音冉），无复用实者。葱亦有寒热，白冷，青热，伤寒
汤
不得令有青也。能消桂为水，亦化五石，仙方∶所用。薤又温补，仙方∶及服食家皆须之，
偏
辛为忌。唐本注云∶薤乃是韭类，叶不似葱，今云同类，不识所以然。
者补而美；赤者主金疮及风，
苦而无味，今别显条于此也。今按陈藏器
本草云∶薤，调中，主久痢不瘥，腹内常恶者，但多煮食之。赤痢取薤致黄柏煮服之，瘥。
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶形似韭而无实。山薤一名 ，茎叶相似，体性亦同。叶皆冬枯
，春秋分莳。尔雅云∶ ，山 。释曰∶《说文》云∶ ，菜也。生山中者名 。又云 ，
鸿
释曰∶ 一名鸿荟。孟诜云∶薤，疗诸疮中
风水肿，生捣，热涂上，或煮之。白色者最好。虽有辛不荤五脏。学道人长服之，可通神，
安魂魄，益气，续筋力。日华子云∶轻身，耐寒，调中，补不足。食之能止久痢冷泻，肥健
人。生食引涕唾。不可与牛肉同食，令人作症瘕。四月不可食也。
图经曰∶薤，生鲁山平泽，今处处有之。似韭而叶阔，多白无实。人家种者，有赤、白
二种
，赤者疗疮生肌，白者冷补。皆春分莳之，至冬而叶枯。《尔雅》云∶ （与薤同），鸿荟（乌
山。山 茎叶亦与家薤相类，而根长，叶差大，仅若鹿葱，
体性亦与家薤同，然今少用。薤虽辛而不荤五脏，故道家长饵之，兼补虚，最宜人。凡用葱
、薤，皆去青留白，云白冷而青热也，故断赤下方，取薤白同黄柏煮服之，言其性冷而解
毒也。唐·韦宙《独行方》主霍乱，干呕不息。取薤一虎口，以水三升，煮取半，顿服，不
而复发者，取薤根五斤，捣绞汁，饮之，立止。
食疗∶轻身耐老。疗金疮，生肌肉。生捣薤白，以火封之。更以火就灸，令热气彻疮中，
干
则易之。白色者最好。虽有辛气，不荤人五脏。又，发热病，不宜多食。三月勿食生者。又，
散结气。可作羹
。又，治女人赤白带下。学道人长服之，可通神，安魂魄，益气，续筋力。骨鲠在咽不去者
，食之即下。肘后方∶救死，或先病，或常居寝卧奄忽而绝，皆是中恶。以薤汁鼻中灌。
又方∶手指赤，随月生死。以生薤一把，苦酒中煮沸，熟出以敷之，即愈。葛氏方∶治疥疮。
煮薤叶
之亦得。又方∶诸鱼骨鲠。小嚼薤白令柔，以绳系中，吞薤到鲠处引之
，鲠即随出。又方∶误吞钗。取薤白曝令萎黄，煮使熟，勿切，食一大束，钗即随出。又方∶
痛。杵薤以敷上，炙热拓疮上，便愈。又方∶虎、犬咬人。杵汁敷，又饮
又方∶食郁肉脯，此并有毒。
杵汁服二、三升。梅师方∶有伤手足而犯
火使薤白极热，去帛，以
薤敷疮，以帛急裹之，
灸疮肿痛。薤白切一升，
猪脂一升细切，以苦酒
浸经宿，
微火煎三上三下，去滓敷上。食医心镜∶主赤白痢下。薤白一握，切，煮作粥食之。又方∶
治
不饥，耐老。宜心归骨，菜芝也。除寒热，去气，温中散结气，利病患。
生杵敷之。鲠骨在咽，煮食
佳，作羹粥食之，炸作齑菹，炒食并得。黄帝
云∶薤不可共牛肉食之，成瘕疾。冬月勿食生薤，多涕唾。范汪治目中风肿痛。取薤白截，
仍以肤上令遍膜，皆瘥。头卒痛者，止之。又方∶产后诸痢。宜煮薤白食之，唯多益好。
用肥羊肉去脂，作灸食之；或以羊肾脂炒薤白食，尤佳。杨氏产乳∶疗疳痢。薤白二握，生
捣如
相和，捏作饼，炙取熟与吃，不过三、两服。
衍义曰∶薤，叶如金灯叶，差狭而更光。故古人言薤露者，以其光滑难伫之义。《千金》
治
肺气喘急，用薤白，亦取其滑泄也。与蜜同捣，涂汤火伤，其效甚速。
【背景信息】
书名：证类本草 作者：唐慎微 朝代：宋 章节：韭 类别：本草
韭菜
味辛、微酸，性温，无毒。归心经，能安五脏，清除胃中热邪，对病患有利，可以长期食用。
种子 主治梦遗滑精，小便浑浊如白浆。
根部 主治滋养头发。
陶隐居说：韭子用于加入含有棘刺的丸药中，主治漏精；用根制作生发膏；用叶煮鲫鱼，治疗突发痢疾，效果显著。但这种蔬菜气味特别辛辣臭秽，即使煮熟食用，口气仍然奇特熏灼，不如葱、薤煮熟后没有气味，这是养生所忌讳的。现在考证陈藏器《本草》说：韭，温中下气，补虚，调和脏腑，使人能进食，益阳，止泄白脓，腹冷痛，都煮服，解药毒。治疗疯狗咬人即将发作者，也能杀灭各种蛇、蝮蛇、蝎子、恶虫的毒液。取根捣碎和酱汁，灌入马鼻治马鼻虫颡。又捣根汁多服，主治胸痹骨痛不可触碰者。俗话说是韭菜叶是草钟乳（一种矿物药），说它对人适宜，确实如此。臣禹锡等谨按《尔雅》说：KT（音同“菊”），山韭。解释为：《说文》说：菜名，一种植而长久生长的，所以叫韭。山中生长的叫KT。《韩诗》说：六月吃郁和李KT就是这样。孟诜说：热病后十天，不可食用。另外，胸痹，心中急痛如锥刺，不能俯仰，自汗出；或者痛彻背部，不治疗可能致死。可取生韭或根五斤，洗净，捣汁灌少许，即吐出胸中恶血。萧炳说：韭子合龙骨服用，很补中气。小儿刚出生，给韭根汁灌之，即吐出恶水，令无病。日华子说：韭，热，下气，补虚，和腑脏，益阳，止泄精，尿血，暖腰膝，除心主腹痼冷，胸中痹冷，癖气及腹痛等食之。肥白人中风失音，研汁服。心脾骨痛甚，生研服。蛇、犬咬并恶疮，捣敷。多食昏神暗目，酒后尤忌，不可与蜜同食。又说子暖腰膝，治鬼交甚效，入药炒用。
图经说：韭，旧时不注明出产州土，现在到处都有。谨按许慎《说文解字》说：菜名，一种植而长久生长的，所以叫韭。所以园人种植，一年割三四次，其根不伤，到冬天壅培之，先春而复生，确实是一种植而长久生长的。在菜中，此物最温而益人，宜常食之。《易稽览图》说：政道得则阴物变为阳。郑康成注说：若葱变为韭就是这样。然而葱冷而韭温，可以验证了。又有一种山韭，形性也相类似，但根白，叶如灯心苗。《尔雅》所谓KT（羊六切），山韭。《韩诗》说：六月食郁及藿，皆谓此也。山中往往有之，而人多不识耳。
韭子得桑螵蛸、龙骨，主治漏精。葛洪、孙思邈皆有方。崔元亮《海上方》治腰脚，韭子一升，拣择，蒸两顿饭的时间，晒干，簸去黑皮，炒令黄，捣成粉。安息香二大两，水煮一二百沸，二物相和，捣为丸，如干，入蜜亦得。每日空腹以酒下二十丸以来讫，以饭三、五匙压之，大佳。根亦入药用。
陈藏器注说：取子生吞三十粒，空心盐汤下，止梦泄精及溺白，大效。食疗：亦可作菹，空心食之，甚验。此物炸熟，以盐、醋空心吃一盘，可十顿以上。甚治胸膈咽气，利胸膈，甚验之，即吐出胸中恶血，永无诸病。五月勿食韭。若值时馑之年，可与米同功，种之一亩，可供十口食。圣惠方：治虚劳肾损，梦中泄精。用韭子二两，微炒为散。食前酒下二钱匕。外台秘要：治虚劳尿精。新韭子二升，十月霜后采，好酒八合渍一宿。捣一万杵。平旦温酒服方寸匕，日再服，立瘥，佳。千金方：治百即瘥。又方：治喉肿不下食。以韭一把，捣熬敷之，冷即易之。肘后方：而唾其面，则活。取韭捣汁吹鼻孔，冬月用韭根又方：男女梦与人交，精便泄出，此内虚邪气感发。熬韭子捣末酒渍，稍稍服。经验方：治五般疮癣。以韭根炒存油调敷之，三度瘥。食医心镜：止水谷痢，作羹、粥、炸、炒，任食之。又又云正月之节，食五辛以辟厉气。蒜、葱、韭、薤、姜。又方：卒中恶，捣之。《食医心镜》同。子母秘录：治小儿患黄。煎服一合。又方：卒刺肿。捣韭及蓝置上，以火灸，热彻即瘥。黄帝云：霜韭冻，不可生食，动宿饮，令人必吐水出。令人乏气力。秦运副云有人消渴，引饮无度，或令食韭黄，其渴遂止。或炒或作羹，无入盐，极效。但吃得十斤即佳，过清明勿吃，入酱无妨。
衍义说：韭，春食则香，夏食则臭，多食则昏神。子，止精滑甚良。未出粪土为韭黄，最不益人，食之滞气。盖含噎郁未之气，故如是。孔子曰：不时不食，正为此辈。花，食之动风。
薤（xiè）
味辛、苦，性温，无毒。主治金疮疮败，轻身，不饥耐老，归于骨。菜芝也。除寒热，去水气，温中，散结，利病患。诸疮，中风寒水肿，以涂之。生鲁山平泽。
陶隐居说：葱、薤异物，而今共条。《本经》既无韭，以其同类故也，今亦取为副品种数。方：家多用葱白及叶中涕，名葱苒（音冉），无复用实者。葱亦有寒热，白冷，青热，伤寒汤不得令有青也。能消桂为水，亦化五石，仙方：所用。薤又温补，仙方：及服食家皆须之，偏辛为忌。唐本注说：薤乃是韭类，叶不似葱，今云同类，不识所以然。者补而美；赤者主金疮及风，苦而无味，今别显条于此也。今按陈藏器本草说：薤，调中，主久痢不瘥，腹内常恶者，但多煮食之。赤痢取薤致黄柏煮服之，瘥。
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经说：形似韭而无实。山薤一名 ，茎叶相似，体性亦同。叶皆冬枯，春秋分莳。尔雅说： ，山 。解释为：《说文》说： ，菜也。生山中者名 。又云 ，鸿解释为： 一名鸿荟。孟诜说：薤，疗诸疮中风水肿，生捣，热涂上，或煮之。白色者最好。虽有辛不荤五脏。学道人长服之，可通神，安魂魄，益气，续筋力。日华子说：轻身，耐寒，调中，补不足。食之能止久痢冷泻，肥健人。生食引涕唾。不可与牛肉同食，令人作症瘕。四月不可食也。
图经说：薤，生鲁山平泽，今处处有之。似韭而叶阔，多白无实。人家种者，有赤、白二种，赤者疗疮生肌，白者冷补。皆春分莳之，至冬而叶枯。《尔雅》说： （与薤同），鸿荟（乌山。山 茎叶亦与家薤相类，而根长，叶差大，仅若鹿葱，体性亦与家薤同，然今少用。薤虽辛而不荤五脏，故道家长饵之，兼补虚，最宜人。凡用葱、薤，皆去青留白，云白冷而青热也，故断赤下方，取薤白同黄柏煮服之，言其性冷而解毒也。唐·韦宙《独行方》主霍乱，干呕不息。取薤一虎口，以水三升，煮取半，顿服，不而复发者，取薤根五斤，捣绞汁，饮之，立止。
食疗：轻身耐老。疗金疮，生肌肉。生捣薤白，以火封之。更以火就灸，令热气彻疮中，干则易之。白色者最好。虽有辛气，不荤人五脏。又，发热病，不宜多食。三月勿食生者。又，散结气。可作羹。又，治女人赤白带下。学道人长服之，可通神，安魂魄，益气，续筋力。骨鲠在咽不去者，食之即下。肘后方：救死，或先病，或常居寝卧奄忽而绝，皆是中恶。以薤汁鼻中灌。又方：手指赤，随月生死。以生薤一把，苦酒中煮沸，熟出以敷之，即愈。葛氏方：治疥疮。煮薤叶之亦得。又方：诸鱼骨鲠。小嚼薤白令柔，以绳系中，吞薤到鲠处引之，鲠即随出。又方：误吞钗。取薤白曝令萎黄，煮使熟，勿切，食一大束，钗即随出。又方：痛。杵薤以敷上，炙热拓疮上，便愈。又方：虎、犬咬人。杵汁敷，又饮又方：食郁肉脯，此并有毒。杵汁服二、三升。梅师方：有伤手足而犯火使薤白极热，去帛，以薤敷疮，以帛急裹之，灸疮肿痛。薤白切一升，猪脂一升细切，以苦酒浸经宿，微火煎三上三下，去滓敷上。食医心镜：主赤白痢下。薤白一握，切，煮作粥食之。又方：治不饥，耐老。宜心归骨，菜芝也。除寒热，去气，温中散结气，利病患。生杵敷之。鲠骨在咽，煮食佳，作羹粥食之，炸作齑菹，炒食并得。黄帝云：薤不可共牛肉食之，成瘕疾。冬月勿食生薤，多涕唾。范汪治目中风肿痛。取薤白截，仍以肤上令遍膜，皆瘥。头卒痛者，止之。又方：产后诸痢。宜煮薤白食之，唯多益好。用肥羊肉去脂，作灸食之；或以羊肾脂炒薤白食，尤佳。杨氏产乳：疗疳痢。薤白二握，生捣如相和，捏作饼，炙取熟与吃，不过三、两服。
衍义说：薤，叶如金灯叶，差狭而更光。故古人言薤露者，以其光滑难伫之义。《千金》治肺气喘急，用薤白，亦取其滑泄也。与蜜同捣，涂汤火伤，其效甚速。
Background Information
Book: Zhenglei Bencao (Compendium of Materia Medica Classified by Category)
Author: Tang Shenwei
Dynasty: Song
Chapter: Leek (Jiu)
Category: Materia Medica
Leek (Allium tuberosum)
Flavor: Pungent, slightly sour. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian Tropism: Heart Meridian. Actions: Calms the five Zang organs, clears heat in the stomach, benefits patients, and can be consumed for a long time.
Seeds: Mainly treats nocturnal emission with spermatorrhea and cloudy urine resembling white fluid.
Roots: Mainly nourishes hair.
Tao Hongjing stated: Leek seeds are used in pills containing thorns to treat leakage of essence; roots are used in hair-growth ointments; leaves are boiled with crucian carp to treat sudden dysentery, which is very effective. However, this vegetable has a particularly pungent and foul odor. Even when cooked, the breath remains strangely pungent and burning, unlike scallions and wild garlic (Xie), which lose their odor when cooked. This is something to avoid for those cultivating health. Current research based on Chen Cangqi's *Bencao* states: Leek warms the middle and directs Qi downward, tonifies deficiency, harmonizes the Zang and Fu organs, promotes appetite, benefits Yang, stops discharge of white pus, abdominal cold pain, all taken after boiling. It resolves drug toxicity. It treats impending attacks from mad dog bites and kills venom from various snakes, vipers, scorpions, and harmful insects. Crush the root and mix with sauce to instill into horse nostrils for nasal worms. Drinking large amounts of crushed root juice treats chest bi syndrome with bone pain that cannot be touched. The common saying that leek leaves are "grass zhongru" (a mineral drug) implies they are beneficial to humans, which is true. Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully cite *Erya*: "KT" refers to mountain leek. Explanation: *Shuowen Jiezi* states it is a vegetable name for one that grows continuously from a single planting, hence called "Jiu" (leek). Those growing in mountains are named "KT". *Han Shi* states: "In the sixth month, eat Yu and KT." Meng Shen stated: Ten days after a febrile disease, do not consume it. Additionally, chest bi presents as urgent pain in the heart like needle pricks, inability to bend or straighten, spontaneous sweating; or pain penetrating the back, which if untreated may lead to death. Take five jin of fresh leeks or roots, wash, crush to extract juice, and instill a small amount to induce vomiting of evil blood from the chest. Xiao Bing stated: Leek seeds taken with dragon bone strongly tonify the middle. For newborn infants, instilling leek root juice causes them to vomit evil water, preventing illness. Ri Hua Zi stated: Leek is hot, directs Qi downward, tonifies deficiency, harmonizes Fu organs, benefits Yang, stops seminal emission, hematuria, warms waist and knees, removes chronic cold in the heart and abdomen, chest bi cold, phlegm masses, and abdominal pain. For obese individuals with wind-stroke and loss of voice, take crushed juice. For severe heart, spleen, or bone pain, take raw crushed juice. For snake or dog bites and malignant sores, apply crushed paste. Excessive consumption dulls the spirit and darkens vision; especially taboo after alcohol; must not be eaten with honey. Also, seeds warm waist and knees and are very effective for treating "ghost intercourse"; stir-fry before use in medicine.
*Tujing* (Illustrated Records) states: Leek's place of origin was not previously noted; now it is found everywhere. Respectfully citing Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi*: It is a vegetable name for one that grows continuously from a single planting, hence called "Jiu". Gardeners plant it, harvesting two to four times a year without damaging the roots. In winter, they mound soil around it, and it regrows in early spring, truly confirming it grows continuously from one planting. Among vegetables, this is the warmest and most beneficial, suitable for regular consumption. *Yi Ji Lan Tu* states: When governance is correct, Yin things transform into Yang. Zheng Kangcheng's commentary notes: Such as scallions transforming into leeks. Thus, scallions are cold and leeks are warm, which can be verified. There is another type, mountain leek, similar in shape and nature, but with white roots and leaves like rush seedlings. *Erya* mentions "KT" (pronounced 'yang liu qie'), mountain leek. *Han Shi* states: "In the sixth month, eat Yu and Huo," referring to this. It is often found in mountains, though few recognize it.
Leek seeds combined with Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case) and Longgu (Dragon Bone) treat seminal leakage. Ge Hong and Sun Simiao both have prescriptions. Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* for waist and leg issues: Take one sheng of leek seeds, select, steam for the time of two meals, dry in sun, winnow black skins, stir-fry until yellow, and grind to powder. Mix with two large liang of Anxi Xiang (Benzoin Resin) boiled in water for 100-200 boils. Combine the two substances, grind into pills. If too dry, add honey. Take twenty pills on an empty stomach with wine, followed by three to five spoons of rice for best results. Roots are also used medicinally.
Chen Cangqi's annotation: Swallow thirty seeds raw on an empty stomach with salt water to stop nocturnal emission and cloudy urine; highly effective. *Shiliao* (Dietary Therapy): Can be made into pickles; eating on an empty stomach is very effective. Fried and eaten with salt and vinegar on an empty stomach, one plate can last ten meals. Highly effective for chest diaphragm qi stagnation, benefiting the chest diaphragm; induces vomiting of evil blood, preventing future illnesses. Do not eat leeks in May. In years of famine, it can serve as grain; one mu can feed ten people. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats deficiency exhaustion and kidney damage with nocturnal emission. Use two liang of lightly stir-fried leek seeds as a powder. Take two qian bi with wine before meals. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats deficiency exhaustion with sperm in urine. Take two sheng of new leek seeds, harvested after frost in October, soak in eight he of good wine overnight. Pound ten thousand times. Take one fang cun bi with warm wine at dawn, twice daily; recovery is immediate. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats [condition] and recovers quickly. Another prescription: Treats throat swelling preventing swallowing. Crush a handful of leeks, cook, and apply; change when cool. *Zhouhou Fang*: Spit on the face to revive [the dead]. Crush leeks, extract juice, and blow into nostrils. In winter, use leek roots. Another prescription: Men and women dreaming of sexual intercourse with ejaculation due to internal deficiency and pathogenic qi stimulation. Stir-fry leek seeds, grind to powder, soak in wine, and take gradually. *Jingyan Fang*: Treats five types of tinea. Stir-fry leek roots until oil appears, mix and apply; three applications cure. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Stops food-and-water dysentery; make into soup, porridge, fried dishes, or stir-fries as desired. Also states: At the beginning of the first lunar month, eat the Five Pungents to ward off epidemic qi: Garlic, Scallion, Leek, Wild Garlic (Xie), Ginger. Another prescription: Treats sudden attack of evil qi; crush and apply. Same as *Shiyi Xinjing*. *Zimu Milu*: Treats infant jaundice. Decoct and take one he. Another prescription: Sudden swelling from piercing. Crush leeks and Isatis leaf, apply, and moxa until heat penetrates; then cures. Huangdi states: Frozen frost leeks must not be eaten raw; they disturb retained fluids and cause vomiting of water and fatigue. Vice Minister Qin Yun stated: Someone with Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst) drank excessively; eating leek yellows stopped the thirst. Whether stir-fried or made into soup without salt is extremely effective. Eating ten jin is good; do not eat after Qingming; mixing with soy sauce is fine.
*Yanyi* states: Spring leeks are fragrant; summer leeks are foul; excessive consumption dulls the spirit. Seeds effectively stop seminal sliding. Leek yellows (etiolated leeks grown without soil) are least beneficial, causing Qi stagnation because they contain stifled Qi. Confucius said: "Do not eat out of season," precisely referring to these. Flowers stimulate wind when eaten.
Wild Garlic / Small Onion (Xie)
Flavor: Pungent, bitter. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Actions: Treats traumatic injuries and ulcerated sores, lightens the body, prevents hunger, prolongs life, enters the bones. It is the "vegetable immortality." Removes cold and heat, eliminates dampness, warms the middle, dissipates nodules, benefits patients. Applied topically for various sores, wind-cold edema. Grows in Lushan flat marshes.
Tao Hongjing stated: Scallion and Xie are different species but grouped together here. Since *Ben Jing* lacked Leek, they were grouped due to similarity; now treated as secondary varieties. Physicians mostly use scallion whites and the slime from between leaves, called Congran (sound 'ran'); seeds are rarely used. Scallions also have cold/heat properties: white is cold, green is hot; scallion decoctions for Cold Damage should not contain green parts. Scallions dissolve Gui (Cinnamon) in water and dissolve the Five Minerals, used in immortal recipes. Xie is also warming and tonifying, required by immortals and dietary practitioners, but its pungency is taboo. *Tang Ben Zhu* states: Xie is a type of leek, but leaves do not resemble scallions; claiming they are similar is unclear. [Text fragment missing]: ...is tonifying and delicious; red ones treat traumatic injuries and wind, bitter and tasteless, now listed separately. Current research based on Chen Cangqi's *Bencao* states: Xie harmonizes the middle, treats chronic dysentery that does not heal, and abdominal discomfort; boil and eat generously. For bloody dysentery, boil Xie with Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) and take; it heals.
Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully cite *Shu Ben Tu Jing*: Shape resembles leek but no seeds. Mountain Xie is named [character], stems and leaves similar, nature same. Leaves wither in winter, planted in spring and autumn. *Erya* states: [Character], mountain [Xie]. Explanation: *Shuowen* states: [Character], a vegetable. Those growing in mountains are named [Character]. Also states: [Character], Hong. Explanation: [Character] is also called Honghui. Meng Shen stated: Xie treats wind-water edema in sores; crush raw, apply hot, or boil. White ones are best. Though pungent, it does not irritate the five Zang organs. Daoist practitioners taking it long-term can communicate with spirits, calm soul and spirit, benefit Qi, and strengthen sinews and tendons. Ri Hua Zi stated: Lightens body, resists cold, harmonizes middle, tonifies insufficiency. Eats stops chronic cold diarrhea, fattens healthy people. Raw consumption induces saliva and mucus. Must not be eaten with beef, as it causes mass formations. Do not eat in April.
*Tujing* states: Xie grows in Lushan flat marshes, now found everywhere. Resembles leek but wider leaves, mostly white, no seeds. Cultivated varieties include red and white; red treats sores and generates flesh, white is cooling and tonifying. Planted at Spring Equinox, leaves wither in winter. *Erya* states: [Character] (same as Xie), Honghui (Wu Shan). Mountain [Character] stems and leaves resemble domestic Xie, but roots are longer, leaves larger, resembling Deer Onion, nature same, but rarely used now. Although pungent, Xie does not irritate the five Zang organs, so Daoists eat it long-term, tonifying deficiency, most suitable for humans. When using scallions and Xie, remove greens and keep whites, as whites are cold and greens hot. Therefore, for red conditions, take Xie white with Huangbai to boil and take, indicating its cold nature resolves toxicity. Tang Dynasty Wei Zhou's *Duxing Fang* treats Huoluan (cholera-like disorder) with incessant dry retching. Take a tiger-mouthful of Xie, boil in three sheng of water to half, take at once. If not recurrent, take five jin of Xie roots, crush, extract juice, and drink; stops immediately.
*Shiliao*: Lightens body, prolongs life. Treats traumatic injuries, generates flesh. Crush Xie white raw, seal with fire. Moxa over fire to penetrate heat into sore; change when dry. White ones are best. Though pungent, does not irritate Zang organs. Also, febrile diseases should not consume much. Do not eat raw in March. Dissipates nodular Qi. Can make into soup. Treats women's red and white leukorrhea. Daoists taking it long-term communicate with spirits, calm soul/spirit, benefit Qi, strengthen sinews/tendons. Fish bone stuck in throat comes down upon eating. *Zhouhou Fang*: Saves from death; whether prior illness or sudden death during sleep, all are attacks of evil. Instill Xie juice into nose. Another prescription: Red fingers, depending on moon waxing/waning. Boil a handful of raw Xie in vinegar, remove when cooked, and apply; heals. Ge Shi Fang: Treats scabies. Boiling Xie leaves is also effective. Another prescription: Various fish bones stuck. Chew small amount of Xie white until soft, tie with string, swallow to reach bone, pull out; bone comes out. Another prescription: Accidentally swallowed hairpin. Dry Xie white until yellow, boil until cooked, do not cut, eat a large bundle; hairpin comes out. Another prescription: Pain. Pound Xie, apply, heat and press on sore; heals. Another prescription: Tiger or dog bites. Pound juice, apply, and drink. Another prescription: Eating stagnant meat/cured meat, all toxic. Pound juice, take two to three sheng. Mei Shi Fang: Injured hands/feet exposed to fire makes Xie white extremely hot, remove cloth, apply Xie to sore, wrap tightly, moxa sore swelling/pain. Cut one sheng of Xie white, one sheng of pork lard finely cut, soak in vinegar overnight, simmer gently three times up and down, remove dregs, apply. *Shiyi Xinjing*: Mainly treats bloody and white dysentery. Take a handful of Xie white, cut, boil into porridge and eat. Another prescription: Treats lack of hunger, prolongs life. Suitable for heart entering bones, vegetable immortality. Removes cold/heat, eliminates Qi, warms middle, dissipates nodular Qi, benefits patients. Crush raw and apply. Fish bone in throat, boiled and eaten is good; make into soup/porridge, fried pickle, or stir-fry all acceptable. Huangdi states: Do not eat Xie with beef, causes mass disease. Do not eat raw Xie in winter, increases saliva/mucus. Fan Wang treats eye wind-stroke swelling/pain. Cut Xie white, apply to skin covering eyes until healed. Sudden headache stops it. Another prescription: Postpartum dysentery. Boil Xie white and eat, more is better. Use fatty lamb meat removing fat, moxa and eat; or stir-fry Xie white with sheep kidney fat, even better. Yang Shi Chan Ru: Treats infantile malnutrition dysentery. Two handfuls of Xie white, crush raw, mix, form into cakes, roast until cooked and eat; no more than three to two doses.
*Yanyi* states: Xie leaves resemble Golden Lantern leaves, narrower and shinier. Hence ancients spoke of "Xie dew," meaning smooth and hard to stay on. *Qianjin* treats lung asthma and急促 (rapid breathing) using Xie white, taking advantage of its slippery draining property. Crushed with honey, applied to burns/scalds, effect is very rapid.