\r鲤鱼胆\pd429.bmp\r
味苦，寒，无毒。主目热赤痛，青盲，明目。久服强悍，益志气。
肉 味甘，主咳逆上气，黄胆，止渴。生者，主水肿脚满，下气。
臣禹锡等谨按大腹水肿通用药云∶鲤鱼，寒。药对云∶平。陈士良云∶无毒。
骨 主女子带下赤白。
齿 主石淋。生九江池泽。取无时。
陶隐居云∶鲤鱼，最为鱼之主，形既可爱，又能神变，乃至飞越山湖，所以琴高乘之。
山上
水中有鲤不可食。又鲤 不可合小豆藿食之。其子合猪肝食之，亦能害人尔
。唐本注云∶鲤鱼骨，主阴蚀，哽不出。血，主小儿丹肿及疮。皮，主瘾疹，脑，主诸痫。
肠，主小儿肌疮。今按陈藏器本草云∶鲤鱼肉，主安胎，胎动，怀妊身肿。煮为汤食之，
破冷气 癖，气块横关伏梁，作脍以浓蒜齑食之。胆，主耳聋，滴耳中，目为灰，研敷刺疮，
中风水疼肿，汁出即愈。诸鱼目并得。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶鲤鱼胆亦可单用，味大苦
。点眼治赤肿翳痛。小儿热肿涂之。蜀漆为使。鱼烧灰末，治咳嗽，糯米煮粥。孟诜云∶鲤
鱼
白煮食之，疗水肿脚满，下气，腹有宿瘕不可食。又修理，可去脊上两筋及黑血，毒故也。
又天行病后不可食，再发即死。其在沙石中者，毒多在脑中，不得食头。日华子云∶鲤鱼，
凉，有毒。肉治咳嗽，疗香港脚，破冷气， 癖。怀孕人胎不安，用绢裹鳞和鱼煮羹，熟后去
鳞，食之验。脂治小儿痫疾惊忤。胆治障翳等。脑髓治暴聋，煮粥服良。诸溪涧中者，头内
有毒。不计大小，并三十六鳞也。
图经曰∶鲤鱼，生九江池泽，今处处有之。即赤鲤鱼也。其脊中鳞一道，每鳞上皆有小
黑点
，从头数至尾，无大小皆三十六鳞。古语云∶五尺之鲤与一寸之鲤，大小虽殊，而鳞之数等
是
也。又，崔豹《古今注》释鲤鱼有三种。兖州人谓赤鲤为玄驹，谓白鲤为白骥，黄鲤为黄雉
。盖诸鱼中，此为最佳，又能神变，故多贵之。今人食品中以为上味。其胆、肉、骨、齿皆
入
药。古今方∶书并用之。胡洽治中风脚弱，短气腹满，有鲤鱼汤方∶最胜。脂、血、目睛、
脑髓亦单使治疾，唯子不可与肝同食。又齿主石淋。《古今录验》着其方∶云∶鲤鱼齿一升
筛末
，以三岁苦酒和，分三服。宿不食，旦服一分，日中服一分，暮服一分，瘥。赤鲤鱼鳞亦入
药
。唐方∶多用治产妇腹痛，烧灰酒调服之。兼治血气，杂诸药用之。
陈藏器云∶鲤鱼，从脊当中数至尾，无大小皆有三十六鳞，亦其成数也。食疗胆，主除
目中
赤及热毒痛，点之良。肉，白煮食之，疗水肿脚满，下气。腹中有宿瘕不可食，害人。久服
天
门冬人，亦不可食。刺在肉中，中风水肿痛者，烧鲤鱼眼睛作灰，纳疮中，汁出即可。谨按
鱼血，主小儿丹毒，涂之即瘥。鱼鳞，烧，烟绝，研，酒下方寸匕，破产妇滞血。脂，主
诸痫，食之良。肠，主小儿腹中疮。鲤鱼 ，不得和豆藿叶食之，成瘦。其鱼子，不得合猪
肝食之。凡修理，可去脊上两筋及黑血，毒故也。炙鲤鱼切忌烟，不得令熏着眼，损人眼光
。三、两日内必见验也。又天行病后不可食，再发即死。其在砂石中者，有毒，多在脑
中，不得食头。圣惠方∶治水气，利小便，除浮肿。用鲤鱼一头，重一斤者，治如食法修事
，食之。外台秘要∶《古今录验》∶疗鱼鲠骨横喉中，六、七日不出。取鲤鱼鳞、皮合烧作屑，
以水服之，则出，未出更服。又方∶疗水病肿。鲤鱼一头极大者，去头尾及骨，唯取肉，以
水二
斗，赤小豆一大升，和鱼肉煮，可取二升以上汁，生布绞去滓，顿服尽，如不能尽，分为二
服，
后服温令暖，服讫当下利，利尽即瘥。又方∶疗 。鲤鱼肠切作五段，火上炙之，洗疮拭
干，以肠封之，冷则易，自暮至旦，干止觉痒，开看虫出，瘥。又方∶凡肿已溃、未溃者。
烧
鲤鱼作灰，酢和涂之一切肿上，以瘥为度。又方∶疗卒淋。鲤鱼齿烧灰，酒服方寸匕。千金
方∶治暴痢。小鲤鱼一枚，烧为末，米饮服之。大人、小儿俱服得。又方∶小儿咽肿喉痹。
以鲤鱼
胆二七枚，和灶底土，以涂咽喉，立瘥。肘后方∶疗雀目。鲤鱼胆及脑敷之，燥痛即明。食
医
心镜∶主上气咳嗽，胸膈妨满，气喘。鲤鱼一头切作脍，以姜、醋食之，蒜齑亦得。又方∶
主肺
咳嗽，气喘促。鲤鱼一头重四两，去鳞，纸裹火炮，去刺研，煮粥，空腹吃之。子母秘录∶
疗妊
娠伤寒。鲤鱼一头烧末，酒服方寸匕，令汗出。兼治乳无汁。产书下乳汁。烧鲤鱼一头研为
末，酒调下一钱匕。礼记食鱼去乙，鱼目旁有骨名乙，如象乙字，食之令人鲠。
衍义曰∶鲤鱼，至阴之物也，其鳞故三十六。阴极则阳复，所以《素问》曰∶鱼热中。
王叔
和曰∶热即生风，食之所以多发风热，诸家所解并不言。日华子云∶鲤鱼，凉，今不取，直
取
《素问》为正。万一风家更使食鱼，则是贻祸无穷矣。
八种食疗余
鲤鱼胆
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治眼睛红肿热痛、青盲（视力模糊或失明）、明目。长期服用可使人身体强健、意志坚定，有益志气。
鲤鱼肉
味甘，主治咳嗽气逆、黄疸，能止渴。生肉主治水肿、脚部胀满，能下气。
臣禹锡等人谨按大腹水肿通用药记载说：鲤鱼，性寒。《药对》说：性平。陈士良说：无毒。
鲤鱼骨
主治女子赤白带下。
鲤鱼齿
主治石淋（尿路结石）。生长在九江的池塘沼泽中。随时可以采集。
陶隐居说：鲤鱼是鱼中的首领，形态可爱，又能神奇变化，甚至飞越山湖，所以琴高骑着它。
山上
水中有鲤鱼不可食用。另外鲤鱼肉不可与小豆、藿叶同食。其鱼子若与猪肝同食，也能害人。
《唐本注》说：鲤鱼骨，主治阴部蚀疮，哽塞不出。鲤鱼血，主治小儿丹毒肿痛及疮疡。鲤鱼皮，主治瘾疹（荨麻疹）。鲤鱼脑，主治各种癫痫。鲤鱼肠，主治小儿肌肤疮疡。
现在参考陈藏器《本草》说：鲤鱼肉，主治安胎，治疗胎动不安，孕妇身体浮肿。煮成汤食用，能破除冷气积聚、气块横关伏梁（腹部积块），做成鱼脍用浓蒜泥蘸食。鲤鱼胆，主治耳聋，滴入耳中；目生翳膜如灰，研磨后外敷刺疮；中风水毒疼痛肿胀，汁液流出即愈。其他鱼的眼睛也都可以使用。
臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：鲤鱼胆也可以单独使用，味道极苦。点眼治疗赤肿翳痛。小儿热肿涂抹它。以蜀漆为使药。将鱼烧成灰末，配合糯米煮粥，治疗咳嗽。孟诜说：鲤鱼白水煮食，治疗水肿脚满，下气，但腹中有宿瘕（陈旧性积块）的人不可食用。另外处理时，可去除脊背上的两条筋及黑血，因为那是毒性所在。另外，流行病（天行病）痊愈后不可食用，否则复发即死。生活在沙石中的鲤鱼，毒性多在脑中，不得吃头。
日华子说：鲤鱼，性凉，有毒。鱼肉治疗咳嗽，疗治香港脚（脚气病），破冷气积聚癖块。怀孕人胎动不安，用绢包裹鱼鳞和鱼一起煮羹，煮熟后去掉鳞片，食用有效。鱼脂治疗小儿癫痫惊忤。鱼胆治疗障翳等。鱼脑髓治疗突发耳聋，煮粥服用良好。所有溪流涧水中的鲤鱼，头部内有毒素。不论大小，都是三十六片鳞。
《图经》说：鲤鱼，生长在九江的池塘沼泽，现在到处都有。就是红鲤鱼。其脊背中间的鳞片有一道，每片鳞上都有小黑点，从头数到尾巴，无论大小都是三十六片鳞。古语说：五尺长的鲤鱼和一寸长的鲤鱼，虽然大小不同，但鳞片数量相等。另外，崔豹《古今注》解释鲤鱼有三种。兖州人称红鲤鱼为玄驹，称白鲤鱼为白骥，黄鲤鱼为黄雉。大概在各种鱼中，这是最好的，又能神奇变化，所以人们多珍视它。现在人的食品中把它作为上等美味。它的胆、肉、骨、齿都入药。古今方书都用它。胡洽治疗中风脚弱、短气腹满，有鲤鱼汤方，最为灵验。鱼脂、血、眼睛、脑髓也单独使用治病，只有鱼子不可与肝同食。另外鱼齿主治石淋。《古今录验》记载其方：说用鲤鱼齿一升筛成粉末，用三年的醋调和，分三次服用。隔夜不吃饭，早晨服一份，中午服一份，晚上服一份，病愈。红鲤鱼鳞也入药。唐代方剂：多用治疗产妇腹痛，烧成灰后用酒调服。兼治血气，混合其他药物使用。
陈藏器说：鲤鱼，从脊背中间数到尾巴，无论大小都有三十六片鳞，这也是成数。食疗方面，鱼胆主治消除眼中赤色及热毒痛，点眼效果好。鱼肉，白煮食之，治疗水肿脚满，下气。腹中有宿瘕的人不可食用，会害人。长期服用天门冬的人，也不可食用。刺扎在肉中，或中风水毒肿痛者，烧鲤鱼眼睛成灰，纳入疮口中，汁液流出即可痊愈。谨按：鱼血主治小儿丹毒，涂抹即愈。鱼鳞，烧至烟尽，研磨，用酒送下方寸匕，能排出产妇滞血。鱼脂主治各种癫痫，食用良好。鱼肠主治小儿腹中疮。鲤鱼肉，不得与豆藿叶同食，否则会形成瘦病。其鱼子，不得与猪肝同食。凡是处理鲤鱼，可去除脊背上的两条筋及黑血，因为那是毒性所在。烤鲤鱼切忌烟火，不能让烟熏着眼睛，会损伤人眼光。三两天内必定见效。另外流行病后不可食用，复发即死。生活在砂石中的鲤鱼，有毒，多在脑中，不得吃头。《圣惠方》：治疗水气，利小便，除浮肿。用一头重一斤的鲤鱼，按食用方法处理后食用。《外台秘要》引《古今录验》：治疗鱼鲠骨卡在喉咙中，六七天不出来。取鲤鱼鳞、皮合烧成屑，用水送服，则骨出，未出再服。又一方：治疗水病浮肿。取一头极大的鲤鱼，去头尾及骨，只取肉，用二斗水，加一大升赤小豆，和鱼肉一起煮，可取得二升以上的汁液，用生布绞去渣滓，一次性服完，如果不能一次喝完，分为两次服用，第二次服用时温热令暖，服完后应当腹泻，泻尽即愈。又一方：治疗疳积（原文缺字，根据上下文推测为疳疾或类似病症）。将鲤鱼肠切成五段，在火上烤熟，清洗疮口擦干，用鱼肠封贴，冷了就更换，从傍晚到早晨，干了只觉得痒，打开看有虫出来，病愈。又一方：凡是肿胀已溃或未溃者。烧鲤鱼成灰，用醋调和涂在所有肿胀处，以痊愈为度。又一方：治疗突然淋证。烧鲤鱼齿成灰，用酒送服方寸匕。《千金方》：治疗暴痢。小鲤鱼一条，烧成粉末，米饮送服。大人小孩都可服用。又一方：小儿咽肿喉痹。用十四枚鲤鱼胆，和灶底土，涂抹咽喉，立即痊愈。《肘后方》：治疗雀目（夜盲症）。用鲤鱼胆及脑敷之，干燥疼痛即明亮。《食医心镜》：主治上气咳嗽，胸膈痞闷，气喘。鲤鱼一条切作鱼脍，用姜、醋食用，蒜泥也可。又一方：主治肺咳嗽，气喘急促。重四两的鲤鱼一条，去鳞，用纸包裹火烤，去刺研磨，煮粥，空腹吃。《子母秘录》：治疗妊娠伤寒。鲤鱼一条烧成粉末，酒送服方寸匕，令出汗。兼治乳汁不通。产书下乳汁：烧鲤鱼一条研为粉末，酒调下一钱匕。《礼记》说食鱼要去乙，鱼目旁有骨头名叫乙，形状像“乙”字，吃了会让人噎住。
《衍义》说：鲤鱼，是至阴之物，所以它的鳞片是三十六片。阴极则阳复，所以《素问》说：鱼热中。王叔和说：热即生风，食用所以多发风热，各家解说都不曾提及。日华子说：鲤鱼性凉，现在不采纳，直接以《素问》为准。万一风病患者再吃鱼，那就是留下无穷祸患。
八种食疗余论
Gallbladder of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Dan)
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats redness, heat, and pain in the eyes, Qing Mang (blindness or blurred vision), and improves vision. Long-term consumption makes one robust and strengthens willpower, benefiting Zhi Qi (spirit and vitality).
Meat of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Rou)
Sweet, primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, jaundice, and stops thirst. Raw meat primarily treats edema and fullness in the legs, and directs Qi downward.
Chen Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to general medicines for abdominal distension and edema: Cyprinus carpio is cold. *Yao Dui* states it is neutral. Chen Shiliang states it is non-toxic.
Bone of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Gu)
Primarily treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women.
Teeth of Cyprinus carpio (Li Yu Chi)
Primarily treats Shi Lin (lithuria/stones in urine). Grows in ponds and marshes of Jiujiang. Can be collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing says: Cyprinus carpio is the leader among fish. Its form is lovely, and it can undergo divine transformations, even flying over mountains and lakes; hence Qin Gao rode it.
On Land
Fish living in water, specifically carp, should not be eaten. Also, carp meat should not be consumed with small beans (Vigna angularis) or broad bean leaves (Vicia faba var. major). Consuming its roe with pig liver can also harm people.
*Tang Ben Zhu* notes: Carp bone primarily treats erosion of the genitals and obstruction that cannot be expelled. Blood primarily treats erysipelas swelling and sores in children. Skin primarily treats urticaria (wind wheals). Brain primarily treats various types of epilepsy. Intestine primarily treats skin sores in children.
Now referring to Chen Cangqi's *Ben Cao*: Carp meat primarily calms the fetus, treats fetal restlessness, and edema in pregnant women. Boiled into a soup and eaten, it breaks up cold Qi accumulation, Qi masses in Huan Guan Fu Liang (abdominal masses), and when made into sashimi, eaten with thick garlic paste. Gallbladder primarily treats deafness; dripping into the ear; grinding and applying externally for刺疮 (thorn wounds); wind-water toxicity causing pain and swelling; healing once fluid discharges. Eyes of other fish are also usable.
Chen Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to *Yao Xing Lun*: Carp gallbladder can also be used alone, with a very bitter taste. Applied to eyes to treat redness, swelling, nebula, and pain. Applied to children's heat swelling. Used with Shu Qi (Radix Periplocae) as an assistant. Fish burned to ash mixed with glutinous rice porridge treats cough. Meng Shen says: Boiled carp meat treats edema and leg fullness, directs Qi downward, but should not be eaten by those with old accumulations (Xu Jia) in the abdomen. Furthermore, during preparation, remove the two tendons on the spine and black blood, as these contain toxins. Also, after an epidemic disease (Tian Xing Bing), it should not be eaten; recurrence leads to death. Carp living in sand and stones have toxins mostly in the brain; do not eat the head.
Ri Hua Zi says: Carp is cool and toxic. Meat treats cough, Hong Xiang Jiao (foot disease/beriberi), breaks cold Qi accumulation and Pi Ke (masses). For pregnant women with unstable fetus, wrap scales in silk and cook with fish into a soup; after cooking, remove scales and eat for efficacy. Fat treats pediatric epilepsy and fright. Gallbladder treats nebula and similar conditions. Brain marrow treats sudden deafness; eating porridge made from it is good. Those in streams and ravines have toxins in the head. Regardless of size, they all have thirty-six scales.
*Tu Jing* says: Carp lives in ponds and marshes of Jiujiang and is now found everywhere. It is the red carp. There is a row of scales along the spine, each with small black dots. Counting from head to tail, regardless of size, there are thirty-six scales. Ancient saying: A five-chi carp and a one-cun carp differ in size but equal in scale count. Additionally, Cui Bao's *Gu Jin Zhu* explains three types of carp. People in Yanzhou call red carp Xuan Ju, white carp Bai Ji, and yellow carp Huang Zhi. Among all fish, this is the best, capable of divine transformation, thus highly valued. Now considered a delicacy in human food. Its gallbladder, meat, bone, and teeth are all medicinal. Ancient and modern formulas use them. Hu Qia's formula for wind-stroke with weak legs, shortness of breath, and abdominal distension uses carp soup, which is most effective. Fat, blood, eyes, and brain marrow are also used singly to treat diseases, except roe should not be eaten with liver. Teeth treat Shi Lin. *Gu Jin Lu Yan* records a formula: One sheng of carp teeth sifted into powder, mixed with three-year-old vinegar, taken in three doses. Fast overnight, take one dose in the morning, one at noon, one at dusk, cured. Red carp scales are also medicinal. Tang dynasty formulas often treat postpartum abdominal pain by burning scales to ash and taking with wine. Also treats blood and Qi disorders, mixed with other herbs.
Chen Cangqi says: Counting from the middle of the spine to the tail, carp always has thirty-six scales, which is a complete number. In dietary therapy, gallbladder removes redness and heat-toxin pain in the eyes; application is good. Meat, boiled and eaten, treats edema and leg fullness, directs Qi downward. Do not eat if there are old accumulations in the abdomen; it harms people. Those long-term consuming Tian Men Dong (Asparagus cochinchinensis) should not eat it. If a thorn is stuck in flesh, or wind-water toxicity causes swelling and pain, burn carp eyes to ash, apply to the wound; discharge of fluid indicates cure. Respectfully note: Fish blood treats pediatric erysipelas; application cures immediately. Fish scales, burned until smoke ceases, ground, and taken with wine (Fang Cun Bi), expel stagnant blood in postpartum women. Fat treats various epilepsies; eating is good. Intestine treats abdominal sores in children. Carp meat must not be eaten with bean and broad bean leaves, or it causes emaciation. Roe must not be eaten with pig liver. In preparation, remove the two tendons on the spine and black blood due to toxicity. Roasted carp must avoid smoke; do not let smoke enter eyes, as it damages vision. Efficacy seen within three days. Also, do not eat after epidemic disease; recurrence leads to death. Carp in sand/stones are toxic, mainly in the brain; do not eat the head. *Sheng Hui Fang*: Treats water qi, promotes urination, reduces edema. Use one carp weighing one jin, prepare as food, and eat. *Wai Tai Mi Yao* citing *Gu Jin Lu Yan*: Treats fish bone stuck in throat for six-seven days. Take carp scales and skin, burn to fragments, take with water to expel bone; repeat if not expelled. Another formula: Treats water disease edema. Take a large carp, remove head, tail, and bones, keep only meat. Boil with two dou of water and one da sheng of Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) and fish meat. Obtain more than two sheng of juice, filter through raw cloth, drink all at once. If unable to finish, divide into two doses; warm the second dose. After drinking, diarrhea occurs; cure upon completion. Another formula: Treats [missing character, likely Gan Ji/Gan Disease]. Cut carp intestine into five segments, roast over fire, wash and dry the sore, seal with intestine; change when cold. From evening to morning, when dry, itching is felt; opening reveals worms coming out; cured. Another formula: For swelling whether ulcerated or not. Burn carp to ash, mix with vinegar, apply to all swellings until cured. Another formula: Treats sudden Lin syndrome. Burn carp teeth to ash, take with wine (Fang Cun Bi). *Qian Jin Fang*: Treats acute dysentery. One small carp, burned to powder, taken with rice drink. Suitable for adults and children. Another formula: Pediatric throat swelling and Bi syndrome. Use fourteen carp gallbladders, mix with soil from the stove bottom, apply to throat; immediate cure. *Zhou Hou Fang*: Treats Yu Mu (night blindness). Apply carp gallbladder and brain; dryness and pain cease, vision clears. *Shi Yi Xin Jing*: Treats rebellious Qi cough, chest and diaphragm fullness, asthma. Cut one carp into sashimi, eat with ginger and vinegar; garlic paste is also acceptable. Another formula: Treats lung cough and rapid asthma. One four-liang carp, remove scales, wrap in paper and roast over fire, remove spines, grind, boil into porridge, eat on empty stomach. *Zi Mi Mi Lu*: Treats pregnancy cold damage. One carp burned to powder, taken with wine (Fang Cun Bi) to induce sweating. Also treats lack of milk. *Chan Shu* promotes lactation: Burn one carp, grind to powder, take one qian bi with wine. *Li Ji* states removing "Yi" when eating fish. "Yi" is a bone beside the eye shaped like the character Yi; eating it causes choking.
*Yan Yi* says: Carp is a substance of extreme Yin, hence its thirty-six scales. When Yin reaches extremity, Yang returns; thus *Su Wen* states: Fish heats the center. Wang Shuhe says: Heat generates wind; eating causes frequent wind-heat issues, which other commentaries do not mention. Ri Hua Zi says carp is cool, but this view is rejected; directly adhering to *Su Wen* is correct. If patients with wind disorders eat fish, it would cause endless disaster.
Eight Dietary Therapies Remainder