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味甘，温，无毒。主岭南野葛、菌毒、生金毒，及温瘴久，欲死不可瘥者，合毛熬酒渍
之。生捣取汁服，最良。生
江南。形似母鸡，鸣云钩 格磔者是。
唐本注云∶有鸟相似，不为此鸣者，则非也。臣禹锡等谨按孟诜云∶鹧鸪，能补五脏，
益
不可与竹笋同食，令人小腹胀，自死者不可食。一言此鸟天地之
以自死者不可食也。日华子云∶微毒。疗蛊气瘴疾欲死者。酒服之。
图经曰∶鹧鸪，出江南，今江西、闽、广、蜀、夔州郡皆有之。形似母鸡，臆前有白圆
点，背间有紫赤毛，彼人亦
呼为越雉，又谓之随阳之鸟。《南越志》云∶鹧鸪虽东西徊翅，然开翅
豹《古今注》云∶其鸣自呼，
此不然也。其鸣，若云钩 格磔者是矣。亦有一种鸟酷相类，但不作此鸣，不可食之。彼土
人食鹧鸪，云主野葛、生金、
蛇、菌等毒，不可与竹笋同食。自死者亦禁食之。其脂膏手可以已瘴瘃，令不龟裂。
衍义曰∶鹧鸪，郑谷所谓相呼相应湘天阔者，南方专充庖。然治瘴及菌毒，甚效。余悉
如《经》。
味甘，平，无毒。主风挛拘急偏枯，气不通利。久服长毛发须眉，益气不饥，轻身耐老。
一名 肪。生江南池泽。
取无时。
陶隐居云∶《诗》云，大曰鸿，小曰雁。今雁类亦有大小，皆同一形。又别有野鹅大于
雁，犹似家苍鹅，谓之驾（音
加）鹅。雁肪自不多食，其肉应亦好。 作木音，云是野鸭，今此一名 肪。则雁、 皆相
类尔。此前又有鸭事注在前，
夫雁乃住江湖，夏应产伏，皆往北，恐
以冬月为好。唐本注云∶雁
喉下白毛。
疗小儿痫有效。夫雁为阳鸟，冬则南翔，夏则北徂，时当春夏，则孳（音兹）育于北，岂谓
北
人不食之乎？然雁与燕相反，燕来则雁往，燕往则雁来，故《礼》云∶秋候雁来，春去鸟至
。臣禹锡等谨按吴氏云∶雁肪，神农、歧伯、雷公∶甘，无毒。杀诸石药毒。孟诜云∶雁
膏可合生发膏，仍治耳聋。骨灰和泪洗头长发。日华子云∶凉，无毒。治风、麻痹。久服助
气，壮筋骨。脂和豆黄作丸，补劳瘦，肥白人。其毛自落者，小儿带之疗惊痫。
梅师方∶治灸疮肿痛。取雁屎白、人精相和研，敷疮。孙真人六月、七月勿食雁，伤神。
食医心镜主风挛拘急偏枯，
血气不通利。雁肪四两炼滤过，每日空心暖酒一杯，肪一匙头，饮之。
衍义曰∶雁肪，人多不食者，谓其知阴阳之升降，分长少之行序。世或谓之天厌，亦道
家之一说尔，食之则治诸风。
《唐本》注曰∶雁为阳鸟，其义未尽。兹盖得中和之气，热则即北，寒则即南，以就和气。
所以为礼币者，一以取其信，
二取其和。
味甘，性温，无毒。主治岭南地区的野葛毒、菌类毒、生金毒，以及长期患温热瘴气病，病情危重欲死且难以痊愈者，可将鹧鸪毛与酒浸泡后熬制服用。若生捣取汁液服用，效果最佳。产于江南地区。外形像母鸡，鸣叫声如“钩格磔”的是真品。《唐本草》注解说：有一种鸟外形相似，但不发出这种鸣叫的，就不是鹧鸪。臣禹锡等人谨按孟诜所说：鹧鸪能补益五脏，益处不可胜数。但不能与竹笋同食，否则会导致小腹胀满，甚至致死；自死的鹧鸪不可食用。这里强调自死的不可食用。日华子说：微毒。治疗蛊气和瘴疾导致欲死者，用酒送服。《图经本草》说：鹧鸪产于江南，如今江西、福建、广东、四川、夔州郡都有出产。外形像母鸡，胸前有白色圆点，背部有紫红色羽毛，当地人又称它为越雉，又叫做随阳之鸟。《南越志》说：鹧鸪虽然东西徘徊展翅，但翅膀展开时露出豹纹般的斑点（原文此处似有脱漏或错简，结合下文及常识，通常指其羽色斑斓）。《古今注》说：它的鸣叫声是自我呼唤，这不对。它的鸣叫声，就像说“钩格磔”那样才是对的。也有一种鸟非常相似，只是不发出这种叫声，不可食用。当地百姓吃鹧鸪，说它能解野葛、生金、蛇、菌等毒，不能与竹笋同食。自死的也禁止食用。其脂膏用手涂抹可以治愈瘴气和冻疮，防止皮肤龟裂。
《衍义》说：鹧鸪，就是郑谷诗中所谓“相呼相应湘天阔”的那种鸟，在南方专门作为菜肴。然而治疗瘴气和菌毒，效果很好。其余内容都符合《神农本草经》的记载。
雁肪（雁脂）
味甘，性平，无毒。主治风邪引起的筋脉拘挛、半身不遂，气机不通利。长期服用能使毛发胡须生长，益气抗饥，身体轻便，延缓衰老。又名肪。产于江南的池塘沼泽地带。随时可采集。
陶弘景说：《诗经》说，大的叫鸿，小的叫雁。现在的雁类也有大小之分，但形状都一样。另外还有一种野鹅比雁大，还像家养的苍鹅，叫做驾鹅（音加）。雁肪平时吃得不多，雁肉应该也不错。作木音，说是野鸭，现在这个名称叫“肪”。那么雁和鸭都是相似的。此前有关于鸭的注释在前面，雁居住在江湖，夏天应该在伏季产卵，都往北飞，恐怕以冬季为好。《唐本草》注解说：雁喉下有白毛。治疗小儿癫痫有效。雁是阳鸟，冬天向南飞翔，夏天向北迁徙，到了春夏季节，就在北方繁殖，难道北方人不吃它吗？然而雁与燕子相反，燕子来则雁去，雁去则燕子来，所以《礼记》说：秋天等候雁来，春天候鸟至。臣禹锡等人谨按吴氏所说：雁肪，神农、歧伯、雷公认为：味甘，无毒。能杀灭各种石药毒。孟诜说：雁膏可以制作生发膏，还能治疗耳聋。骨灰混合泪水洗头能促进头发生长。日华子说：性凉，无毒。治疗风邪、麻痹。长期服用有助于气力，强壮筋骨。脂肪与豆黄制成丸剂，治疗虚劳消瘦，使瘦人变胖。其羽毛自然脱落的，让小儿佩戴可以治疗惊痫。
梅师方：治疗灸疮肿痛。取雁屎白和人精混合研磨，敷在疮上。孙真人说：六月、七月不要吃雁，会伤神。《食医心镜》主治风邪拘挛、半身不遂，血气不通利。取雁肪四两炼过滤过，每天空腹用暖酒一杯，加入一匙头雁肪，饮用。
《衍义》说：雁肪，人们大多不吃，是因为知道它懂得阴阳升降，分辨长幼行序。世人有时称它为“天厌”，这也是道家的一种说法罢了，食用它可以治疗各种风病。
《唐本草》注解说：雁是阳鸟，其中的含义尚未完全阐明。这是因为雁得到了中和之气，热了就向北，寒了就向南，以此来调和气息。所以把它作为礼仪聘问的礼物，一是取其守信，二是取其和谐。
Partridge (Zhegu)
The flavor is sweet, the nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats wild gecko root poison, fungal poison, and raw metal poison in the Lingnan region, as well as prolonged warm miasma diseases where the patient is on the verge of death and difficult to cure. It can be administered by soaking partridge feathers in wine and decocting them. If fresh juice is extracted by crushing and taken orally, the effect is best. It grows in the Jiangnan region. Its shape resembles a hen; those that cry "gou-ge-zhe" are authentic. The *Tang Bencao* commentary states: There is a bird similar in appearance but does not make this sound, which is not a partridge. Minister Yuxi et al., according to Meng Shen, state: Partridge can tonify the five Zang organs, and its benefits are incalculable. It must not be eaten with bamboo shoots, as this causes abdominal distension and can lead to death. Birds that die naturally should not be eaten. This emphasizes that naturally dead birds are forbidden. Ri Huazi states: Slightly toxic. It treats Gu qi (poisonous miasma) and miasma diseases causing near-death states; administer with wine. The *Tujing* states: Partridges originate from Jiangnan; currently, they are found in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Shu, and Kuizhou commanderies. They resemble hens, have white circular spots on the chest, and purple-red feathers on the back. Locals also call them Yue zhi (Yue pheasant) or Suoyang zhi niao (birds following the sun). The *Nanyue Zhi* states: Although partridges flap their wings east and west, when spreading their wings, leopard-like patterns are revealed. The *Gujin Zhu* states: Their cry is self-called, which is incorrect. Their cry sounds like "gou-ge-zhe". There is another bird very similar, but it does not make this sound and should not be eaten. Local people eat partridge, claiming it cures wild gecko root, raw metal, snake, and fungal poisons. It must not be eaten with bamboo shoots. Naturally dead ones are also prohibited. Its fat/grease applied by hand can cure miasma and chilblains, preventing skin cracking.
*Yanyi* states: Partridge refers to the bird described by Zheng Gu as "calling each other across the vast Xiang sky," which serves exclusively as culinary food in the south. However, for treating miasma and fungal poisons, it is very effective. The rest aligns with the *Jing* (Shennong Bencao Jing).
Goose Fat (Yanfáng)
The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral/flat, and it is non-toxic. It treats wind-induced spasms, rigidity, hemiplegia, and obstruction of Qi flow. Long-term consumption promotes the growth of hair, eyebrows, and beard, tonifies Qi, prevents hunger, lightens the body, and delays aging. Also known as Fang. It originates from ponds and marshes in Jiangnan. It can be harvested at any time.
Tao Hongjing states: The *Classic of Poetry* says, large ones are called Hong, small ones are called Yan. Current goose species vary in size but share the same form. Additionally, there is a wild goose larger than the Yan, resembling the domestic grey goose, called Jia-e (pronounced 'jia'). Goose fat is not commonly consumed, but the meat should be good. Pronounced with a wood radical, referring to wild duck; now this name is called "Fang." Thus, Yan and Ya are similar. Previously, notes on duck were placed before; Geese inhabit rivers and lakes, lay eggs in summer伏 (Fu), and migrate north. Winter might be better for harvesting. The *Tang Bencao* commentary states: Geese have white feathers under the throat. It is effective for treating pediatric epilepsy. Geese are Yang birds; they fly south in winter and north in summer. During spring and summer, they breed in the north. Do northerners not eat them? However, Geese are opposite to swallows; when swallows arrive, geese leave, and when geese leave, swallows arrive. Thus, the *Li Ji* states: In autumn, we await the arrival of geese; in spring, migratory birds arrive. Minister Yuxi et al., according to Wu Shi, state: For Goose Fat, Shennong, Qibo, and Leigong consider it: Sweet flavor, non-toxic. It kills various mineral drug poisons. Meng Shen states: Goose grease can be used to make hair-growth ointments and treats deafness. Ash mixed with tears for washing the head promotes hair growth. Ri Huazi states: Cool nature, non-toxic. Treats wind and numbness. Long-term consumption aids Qi and strengthens sinews and bones. Grease mixed with fermented soybean pills treats consumptive thinness and fattens thin people. Feathers that fall off naturally, if worn by children, treat fright and epilepsy.
Mei Shi Fang: Treats swelling and pain from moxibustion sores. Take goose droppings (white part) and human essence, mix and grind, then apply to the sore. Sun Simiao states: Do not eat geese in June and July, as it damages the Spirit. *Shiyi Xinjing* treats wind-induced spasms, rigidity, hemiplegia, and obstruction of Blood and Qi. Take four liang of refined and filtered goose fat. Every morning on an empty stomach, drink one cup of warm wine with a spoonful of goose fat.
*Yanyi* states: People rarely eat goose fat because they believe geese understand the rise and fall of Yin and Yang and distinguish order among elders and juniors. The world sometimes calls it "Heaven's Abomination," which is also a Daoist perspective. Consuming it treats various wind diseases.
*Tang Bencao* commentary states: The meaning of "Goose is a Yang bird" is not fully explained. This is because the goose obtains the Qi of Harmony; when hot, it goes north; when cold, it goes south, thereby harmonizing its Qi. Therefore, it is used as a gift for rituals: first, to取其信 (take its trustworthiness/reliability); second, to取其和 (take its harmony).