\r黄 \pd104.bmp\r
味甘，微温。无毒。主痈疽久败疮，排脓止痛，大风癞疾，五痔鼠 ，补虚，小儿百
病，妇人子脏风邪气，逐五脏间恶血，补丈夫虚损，五劳羸瘦，止渴，腹痛，泄痢，益气
，利阴气。生白水者冷，补。其茎叶疗渴，及筋挛，痈肿疽疮。一名戴糁，一名戴椹，一名
独椹，一名芰草，一名蜀脂，一名百本。生蜀郡山谷、白水、汉中，二月、十月采，阴干。
（恶龟甲。）
陶隐居云∶第一出陇西叨阳，色黄白，甜美，今亦难得。次用黑水宕昌者，色白，肌肤
粗
，新者，亦甘，温，补。又有蚕陵白水者，色理胜蜀中者而冷补。又有赤色者，可作膏贴用
，消痈肿，俗方多用，道家不须。唐本注云∶此物叶似羊齿，或如蒺藜。独茎，或作丛生。
今出原州及华原者最良，蜀汉不复采用之。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶叶似羊齿草，独茎
，枝扶疏，紫花，根如甘草，皮黄肉白，长二、三尺许。今原州者好，宜州、宁州亦佳。药
性论云∶黄 ，一名王孙。治发背，内补，主虚喘，肾衰，耳聋，疗寒热。生陇西者下，补
五脏。蜀白水赤皮者，微寒，此治客热用之。萧炳云∶出原州华原谷子山，花黄。日华子云
∶黄 ，恶白藓皮。助气壮筋骨，长肉，补血，破症癖，瘰 瘿赘，肠风，血崩，带下，赤
白
痢，产前后一切病，月候不匀，消渴，痰嗽，并治头风，热毒赤目等。药中补益，呼为羊肉
。又云白水 ，凉，无毒。排脓，治血及烦闷热毒，骨蒸劳。功次黄 。赤水 ，凉，无毒
。治血，退热毒，余功用并同上。木 ，
凉，无毒。治烦，排脓。力微于黄 ，遇阙即倍用之。
图经曰∶黄 ，生蜀郡山谷、白水、汉中，今河东、陕西州郡多有之。根长二、三尺以
来。独
茎，作丛生，枝秆去地二、三寸。其叶扶疏作羊齿状，又如蒺藜苗。七月中开黄紫花，其实
作荚子，长寸许。八月中采根用。其皮折之如绵，谓
之绵黄 。然有数种∶有白水 、有赤水 、有木 ，功用并同，而力不及白水 。木 短
而理横。今人多以苜蓿根假作黄 ，折皮亦似绵，颇能乱真。但苜蓿根坚而脆，黄 至柔韧
，皮微黄褐色，肉中白色，此为异耳。唐·许裔宗初仕陈为新蔡王外兵参军时，柳太后感
风不能言，脉沉而口噤。裔宗曰∶既不能下药，宜汤气熏之，药入腠理，周时可瘥。乃造黄
防风汤数斛，置于床下，气如烟雾，其夕便得语。药力熏蒸，其效如此，因附着之。使善
医者，知所取法焉。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用木 ，草真相似，只是生时叶短并根横。先须去头上皱皮了，蒸半
日，
出
后，用手擘令细，于槐砧上锉用。圣惠方∶治肺壅得吐。以黄 二两，杵为细末。每服三钱
，
水一中盏，煎至六分，温服，日三、四服。又方∶治缓疽。以一两杵散，不计时候，温水调
下
二钱匕。外台秘要∶主甲疽疮，肿烂生脚指甲边，赤肉出，时瘥时发者。以黄 二两， 茹
三
两，苦酒浸一宿，以猪脂五合，微火上煎取三合，绞去滓，以封疮上，日三、两度，其肉即
消。肘后方∶治酒疸，心懊痛，足胫满，小便黄，饮酒发赤黑黄斑，由大醉当风，入水所致
。
黄二两，木兰一两，为末。酒服方寸匕，日三服。梅师方∶补肺排脓。以黄 六两，锉碎
，
以水三升，煎取一升，去滓服。初虞世治陷甲生入肉，常有血，疼痛。黄 、当归等分为末
，贴疮上。若有恶肉，更研少硫黄末同贴。孙用和∶治肠风泻血。黄 、黄连等分，右为末
，
面糊丸如绿豆大。每服三十丸，米饮下。席延赏∶治虚中有热，咳嗽脓血，口舌咽干，又不
可
服凉药。好黄 四两，甘草一两，为末。每服三钱，如茶点、羹、粥中亦可服。别说云∶谨
按
黄本出绵上为良，故名绵黄 。今《图经》所绘宪水者即绵上，地相邻尔。若以谓柔韧
如绵，即谓之绵黄 ，然黄 本皆柔韧，若伪者，但以干脆为别尔。
衍义曰∶防风、黄 ，世多相须而用。唐许嗣（嗣本羊晋切，犯庙讳，今改为嗣）宗为
新蔡王
外兵参军，王太后病风，不能言，脉沉难对，医告术穷。嗣宗曰∶饵液不可进。即以黄 、
防风煮汤数十斛，置床下，气如雾重薄之，是夕语。
味甘，性微温。无毒。主治痈疽长期不愈的溃烂疮口，能排出脓液并止痛；治疗大风癞疾（麻风病）；治疗五种痔疮及鼠瘘（淋巴结核）；补益虚损；治疗小儿多种疾病；治疗妇人子宫受风邪侵袭；驱除五脏间的瘀血；补益男子的虚损劳伤，缓解五劳羸瘦（因五种劳伤导致的身体消瘦虚弱）；止渴；治疗腹痛、泄泻痢疾；益气；通利阴气。产自白水地区的黄耆性质偏冷，具有补益作用。其茎叶可治疗口渴，以及筋脉拘挛、痈肿疽疮。又名戴糁、戴椹、独椹、芰草、蜀脂、百本。产于蜀郡山谷、白水、汉中地区，二月和十月采收，阴干。（忌与龟甲同用。）
陶隐居说：最好的产自陇西叨阳，颜色黄白，味道甜美，现在也很难得。其次使用黑水宕昌产的，颜色白，质地粗糙，新采的也甘甜，性温，有补益作用。又有蚕陵白水产的，色泽纹理胜过蜀中产的，但性冷而补。又有赤色的，可用于制作膏药贴敷，能消散痈肿，世俗方剂多用此，道家医方则不需要。唐本注说：这种植物叶子像羊齿草，或者像蒺藜。单独一根茎，或者丛生。现在原州和华原产的最好，蜀汉地区不再采用。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：叶子像羊齿草，单茎，枝条分散，开紫花，根像甘草，皮黄肉白，长约二、三尺。现在原州产的好，宜州、宁州产的也不错。《药性论》说：黄耆，又名王孙。治疗发背（背部痈疽），内补元气，主治虚喘，肾衰，耳聋，治疗寒热。产自陇西的下品，补五脏。蜀地白水产且皮赤的，性微寒，用于治疗客热（外感热邪）。萧炳说：产自原州华原谷子山，花黄色。日华子说：黄耆畏白鲜皮。助气壮筋骨，长肌肉，补血，破除症癖（腹内结块），治疗瘰疬、瘿瘤、赘疣，肠风，血崩，带下，赤白痢，产后产前各种疾病，月经不调，消渴，痰嗽，并治疗头风，热毒赤目等。在药物中作为补益药，被称为“羊肉”。又说白水黄耆，性凉，无毒。排脓，治疗血证及烦热闷毒，骨蒸劳热。功效次于黄耆。赤水黄耆，性凉，无毒。治疗血证，退热毒，其余功效同上。木黄耆，性凉，无毒。治疗烦热，排脓。力量弱于黄耆，遇到缺黄耆时加倍使用。
《图经》说：黄耆，产于蜀郡山谷、白水、汉中，现在河东、陕西各州郡多有出产。根长二、三尺以上。单茎，丛生，枝秆离地二、三寸。叶子分散呈羊齿状，又像蒺藜苗。七月中开黄紫色花，果实像荚子，长约一寸。八月中采收根部。折断它的皮像绵絮一样，称为绵黄耆。然而有好几种：有白水黄耆，有赤水黄耆，有木黄耆，功效都相同，但力量不及白水黄耆。木黄耆短且纹理横生。现在很多人用苜蓿根假冒黄耆，折断皮也像绵絮，颇能乱真。只是苜蓿根坚硬而脆，黄耆极其柔韧，皮微黄褐色，肉中白色，这是区别所在。唐代许裔宗初仕陈朝任新蔡王外兵参军时，柳太后患中风不能说话，脉象沉伏且口噤不开。裔宗说：“既然不能喂下药，应该用汤药的蒸汽熏蒸，药力进入腠理，一昼夜左右可以痊愈。”于是配制了数斛黄耆防风汤，放在床下，气味如烟雾，当晚太后就能说话了。药力熏蒸，效果如此，因此记录下来。让善于医术的人，知道取法于此。
雷公说：凡是使用，不要用木黄耆，草形非常相似，只是生长时叶子短并且根是横生的。先要去掉头上皱缩的皮，蒸半天，出来后，用手掰细，在槐木砧板上切碎使用。《圣惠方》：治疗肺壅导致想吐。用黄耆二两，捣成细末。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，煎至六分，温服，每天三、四次服用。又一方：治疗缓疽。用一两研成散剂，不限时候，温水调下二钱匕。《外台秘要》：主治甲疽疮，肿胀腐烂生在脚指甲边，赤肉长出，时好时发。用黄耆二两，茹菜三两，用苦酒（醋）浸泡一夜，用猪脂五合，在微火上煎取三合，过滤去渣滓，封涂在疮上，每天三、两次，腐肉即消。《肘后方》：治疗酒疸，心中懊恼疼痛，小腿胀满，小便黄，饮酒后出现赤黑黄斑，由大醉当风、入水所致。黄耆二两，木兰一两，研为末。用酒送服方寸匕，每天三次。梅师方：补肺排脓。用黄耆六两，切碎，用水三升，煎取一升，去渣服用。初虞世治疗陷甲生入肉中，常有出血，疼痛。黄耆、当归等分为末，贴在疮上。如果有恶肉，再研少许硫黄末一同贴敷。孙用和：治疗肠风泻血。黄耆、黄连等分，右方研为末，面糊丸如绿豆大。每次服用三十丸，米饮送下。席延赏：治疗虚中有热，咳嗽脓血，口舌咽喉干燥，又不可服用凉药。好黄耆四两，甘草一两，研为末。每次服用三钱，像茶点一样，或加入羹、粥中也可服用。别说云：谨按黄耆原本以绵上产的为良，所以名叫绵黄耆。现在《图经》所绘的宪水者就是绵上，两地相邻罢了。如果说柔韧如绵，就称之为绵黄耆，然而黄耆本来都是柔韧的，如果是伪品，则以干脆为区别罢了。
《衍义》说：防风、黄耆，世间多相须而用。唐代许嗣宗（嗣字本读羊晋切，因犯庙讳，今改为嗣）任新蔡王外兵参军，王太后患风病，不能说话，脉象沉难对答，医生告竭术穷。嗣宗说：“喝药液不可进。”就用黄耆、防风煮汤数十斛，放在床下，气味如雾，覆盖在上面，当晚就能说话。
Astragali Radix (Huangqi)
Sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic. Primarily treats chronic, unhealed sores from carbuncles and ulcers; expels pus and relieves pain; treats leprosy caused by severe wind pathogens; treats five types of hemorrhoids and scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis); tonifies deficiency; treats various diseases in children; treats wind-pathogen invasion of the uterus in women; drives out evil blood between the five zang organs; tonifies deficiency and damage in men; alleviates emaciation and weakness due to the five labors; stops thirst; treats abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dysentery; benefits qi; promotes the flow of yin qi. Astragali Radix produced in Baishui has a cold nature and possesses tonifying properties. Its stems and leaves treat thirst, as well as muscle spasms, carbuncles, swellings, and ulcers. Also known as Daishen, Daishen, Dushen, Jicao, Shuzhi, and Baiben. Grows in the valleys of Shujun, Baishui, and Hanzhong; harvested in February and October; dried in the shade. (Incompatible with Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum.)
Tao Hongjing stated: The best quality comes from Taoyang in Longxi, yellowish-white in color, sweet and delicious, but now hard to obtain. Next is that from Dangchang in Heishui, white in color, coarse texture, newly harvested ones are also sweet, warm, and tonifying. There is also that from Canling Baishui, which surpasses those from Shuzhong in luster and texture but is cold in nature and tonifying. There is also red-colored variety, suitable for making plasters to dissipate carbuncles and swellings; commonly used in secular prescriptions, but not required by Daoist physicians. *Bencao Tujing* notes: The leaves resemble ferns or Tribulus seeds. It has a single stem or grows in clusters. Currently, those from Yuanzhou and Huayuan are the best; those from Shu and Han are no longer adopted. Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully followed the *Shuben Tujing*: Leaves resemble fern grass, single stem, branches spread out, purple flowers, roots like Glycyrrhizae Radix, yellow skin and white flesh, about two to three chi long. Those from Yuanzhou are good; those from Yizhou and Ningzhou are also excellent. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Huangqi, also named Wangsun. Treats back carbuncles, internally tonifies, primarily treats deficiency asthma, kidney decline, deafness, and treats chills and fever. Lower grade from Longxi, tonifies the five zang organs. From Shu Baishui with red skin, slightly cold, used to treat external heat pathogens. Xiao Bing stated: Grows in Guzi Mountain valley of Huayuan, Yuanzhou, yellow flowers. Ri Huazi stated: Huangqi is incompatible with Dictamni Cortex. Assists qi, strengthens sinews and bones, increases flesh, nourishes blood, breaks up masses and accumulations, treats scrofula, goiter, warts, intestinal wind, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, bloody and non-bloody dysentery, all diseases before and after childbirth, irregular menstruation, wasting-thirst, phlegm-cough, and treats headache due to wind, red eyes due to heat-toxin, etc. As a tonic herb, it is called "Mutton." Furthermore, Baishui Huangqi is cool and non-toxic. Expels pus, treats blood disorders, and烦热闷毒 (stifling-heat toxic pathogens), bone-steaming consumptive fever. Its efficacy is secondary to Huangqi. Chishui Huangqi is cool and non-toxic. Treats blood disorders, clears heat toxins, and other efficacies are the same as above. Mu Huangqi is cool and non-toxic. Treats stifling heat, expels pus. Its strength is weaker than Huangqi; if Huangqi is unavailable, double the dosage.
*Tujing* states: Huangqi grows in the valleys of Shujun, Baishui, and Hanzhong; currently abundant in Hedong and Shaanxi prefectures. Roots are over two to three chi long. Single stem, growing in clusters, branches and stalks two to three cun above ground. Leaves are sparse and fern-like, resembling Tribulus seedlings. Yellow-purple flowers bloom in mid-July; fruits are pods about one cun long. Roots are harvested in August. When broken, the skin feels like cotton, hence called Mian Huangqi (Cotton Astragalus). However, there are several types: Baishui Huangqi, Chishui Huangqi, and Mu Huangqi. Their efficacies are the same, but their strength does not match Baishui Huangqi. Mu Huangqi is short and has transverse grain. Nowadays, many people use Medicago sativa roots to fake Huangqi; the broken skin resembles cotton, easily deceiving the eye. However, Medicago sativa roots are hard and brittle, whereas Huangqi is extremely flexible and tough, with slightly yellow-brown skin and white interior flesh; this is the distinction. In the Tang Dynasty, Xu Yizong, when serving as Military Affairs Officer for Prince Xincai, found Empress Dowager Liu suffering from wind-stroke unable to speak, with a deep pulse and locked jaw. Yizong said, "Since oral medication cannot be administered, steam inhalation with decoction should be used; medicinal vapors will enter the couli (skin pores), and recovery can occur within one day and night." Thus, he prepared several hu of Huangqi and Fangfeng Decoction, placed it under the bed, the vapor resembling smoke; that evening, she could speak. The efficacy of medicinal steaming is thus recorded, allowing skilled physicians to learn from this method.
Lei Gong stated: When using, do not use Mu Huangqi, as the herbs look very similar, except that the leaves are shorter when growing and the roots are horizontal. First, remove the wrinkled skin at the top, steam for half a day, then take out, break into fine pieces by hand, and chop on a locust wood cutting board. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats lung obstruction causing vomiting. Use two liang of Huangqi, pound into fine powder. Take three qian each time, with one zhan of water, decoct until six fen remains, take warm, three to four times daily. Another prescription: Treats slow abscess. Pound one liang into powder, take two qian bi with warm water at any time. *Waitai Miyao*: Mainly treats onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) with ulceration, swelling and rotting at the edge of the toenail, with red flesh protruding, recurring intermittently. Use two liang of Huangqi, three liang of Ru vegetable, soak in vinegar overnight, add five he of pork lard, simmer over low heat to obtain three he, strain and discard dregs, apply to the wound three times a day or twice, the necrotic flesh will dissolve. *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats alcohol jaundice, mental restlessness and pain, fullness in calves, yellow urine, red-black-yellow spots appearing after drinking, caused by drunkenness exposed to wind and entering water. Two liang of Huangqi, one liang of Magnoliae Officinalis Bark, grind into powder. Take one fangcun bi with wine, three times daily. Mei Shi Fang: Tonifies lungs and expels pus. Use six liang of Huangqi, chop finely, decoct in three sheng of water to obtain one sheng, strain and drink. Chu Yushi treated ingrown nails penetrating flesh, with constant bleeding and pain. Equal parts of Huangqi and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, ground into powder, applied to the wound. If there is necrotic tissue, mix with a small amount of Sulfur powder and apply together. Sun Yonghe: Treats intestinal wind with bloody stool. Equal parts of Huangqi and Coptidis Rhizoma, ground into powder, formed into pills the size of mung beans with wheat paste. Take thirty pills each time with rice water. Xi Yanshang: Treats internal deficiency with heat, coughing with purulent blood, dry mouth, tongue, and throat, where cooling medicines cannot be taken. Four liang of good Huangqi, one liang of Glycyrrhizae Radix, grind into powder. Take three qian each time, mixed like tea, or added to soup or porridge. Bieshuo states: Respectfully following records, Huangqi originally from Mianshang is superior, hence named Mian Huangqi. The Xianshui depicted in *Tujing* is indeed Mianshang, adjacent lands. If defined by flexibility like cotton, it is called Mian Huangqi, but all genuine Huangqi is flexible; fake ones are distinguished by being dry and brittle.
*Yanyi* states: Fangfeng and Huangqi are often used together in the world. Tang Dynasty's Xu Sizong (Si originally pronounced 'yang jin qie', changed to Si due to imperial taboo) served as Military Affairs Officer for Prince Xincai. The Prince's mother suffered from wind disease, unable to speak, with a deep pulse difficult to diagnose, and doctors exhausted their techniques. Sizong said, "Liquid medication cannot be ingested." He boiled dozens of hu of Huangqi and Fangfeng decoction, placed it under the bed, covered with thick vapor, and she could speak that evening.