\r龙胆\pd89.bmp\r
味苦，寒、大寒，无毒。主骨间寒热，惊痫，邪气，续绝伤，定五脏，杀蛊毒，除
胃中伏热，时气温热，热泄下痢，去肠中小虫，益肝胆气，止惊惕。久服益智不忘，轻身耐
老。一名陵游。生齐朐山谷及冤句。二月、八月、十一月、十二月采根，阴干。（贯众为之
使，恶防葵、地黄。）
陶隐居云∶今出近道，吴兴为胜。状似牛膝，味甚苦，故以胆为名。今按别本注云∶叶
似
龙
葵，味苦如胆，因以为名。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶龙胆，君。能生小儿惊痫，入心，壮
热
，骨热，痈肿，治时疾，热黄，口疮。日华子云∶小豆为使。治客忤疳气，热病狂语及疮疥
，明目，止烦，益智，治健忘。
图经曰∶龙胆，生齐朐山谷及冤句，今近道亦有之。宿根黄白色，下抽根十余本，类牛
膝。
直
上生苗，高尺余。四月生叶，似柳叶而细，茎如小竹枝，七月开花如牵牛花，作铃铎形，青
碧色。冬后结子，苗便枯。二月、八月、十一月、十二月采根，阴干。俗呼为草龙胆。浙中
又有山龙胆草，味苦涩，取根细锉，用生姜自然汁浸一宿，去其性，焙干，捣，水煎一钱匕
，温服之。治四肢疼痛。采无时候。叶经霜雪不凋，此同类而别种也。古方治疸多用之。《
集验方》谷疸丸∶苦参三两，龙胆一两，二物下筛，牛胆和丸，先食以麦饮服之，如梧子
五
丸，日三，不知稍增。《删繁方》治劳疸，同用此龙胆，加至二两，更增栀子仁三七枚，三
物同筛捣，丸以猪胆，服如前法，以饮下之。其说云∶劳疸者，因劳为名。谷疸者，因食
而劳也。
雷公云∶采得后阴干。欲使时，用铜刀切去髭土头了，锉，于甘草汤中浸一宿，至明漉
出，
曝
干用。勿空腹饵之，令人溺不禁。圣惠方∶治蛔虫攻心如刺，吐清水。龙胆一两去头，锉，
水
二盏，煮取一盏去滓。隔宿不食，平旦一顿服。外台秘要∶治卒下血不止。龙胆一虎口，以
水
五升，煮取二升半，分为五服，瘥。肘后方∶治卒心痛。龙胆四两，酒三升，煮取一升半，
顿服。
味苦，性寒、大寒，无毒。主治骨节间的寒热交替，惊厥癫痫，祛除邪气，接续断裂的筋骨损伤，安定五脏功能，杀灭蛊毒，清除胃中潜伏的热邪，治疗时令温病发热，以及因热引起的腹泻和痢疾，驱除肠道中的小虫，补益肝胆之气，止住惊惧颤抖。长期服用可益智健脑、防止遗忘，使身体轻盈、延缓衰老。又名陵游。产于齐地朐山山谷及冤句地区。二月、八月、十一月、十二月采集根部，阴干。（贯众为其引经药，忌与防葵、地黄同用。）
陶隐居说：现在出产于附近道路沿线，以吴兴产的质量最佳。形状像牛膝，味道极苦，所以以“胆”命名。现在查阅其他版本的注释说：叶子像龙葵，味道苦如胆汁，因此得名。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：龙胆为君药。能治愈小儿惊痫，入心经，治疗壮热、骨蒸热、痈肿，治疗时行疾病、湿热黄疸、口疮。日华子说：以小豆为引经药。治疗客忤疳积之气，热病胡言乱语及疮疥，明目，止烦渴，益智，治疗健忘。
《图经本草》说：龙胆，产于齐地朐山山谷及冤句，现在附近道路沿线也有生长。宿根呈黄白色，向下抽出十余条根，类似牛膝。笔直向上长出苗茎，高一尺多。四月长出叶子，像柳叶但较细，茎像小竹枝，七月开花像牵牛花，呈铃铛状，青碧色。冬后结籽，苗茎随即枯死。二月、八月、十一月、十二月采集根部，阴干。俗称草龙胆。浙江中部又有山龙胆草，味道苦涩，取根细细切碎，用生姜自然汁浸泡一夜，去除其烈性，焙干，捣碎，用水煎服一钱匕，温服。治疗四肢疼痛。采摘没有固定时间。叶子经过霜雪不凋谢，这是同类而不同种。古方治疗黄疸多用此药。《集验方》谷疸丸：苦参三两，龙胆一两，两味药研筛成粉，用牛胆汁和丸，饭前用麦饮送服，如梧桐子大小五丸，每日三次，无效则稍加剂量。《删繁方》治疗劳疸，同样使用此龙胆，增加至二两，再增加栀子仁三七枚，三味药同筛捣碎，用猪胆汁和丸，服用方法同上，用饮送下。其解释说：劳疸，因劳累而得名；谷疸，因饮食而劳累所致。
雷公说：采得后阴干。欲使用时，用铜刀切去带须的土头部分，切碎，在甘草汤中浸泡一夜，第二天早晨滤出，晒干使用。不要空腹服用，否则会导致小便失禁。《圣惠方》：治疗蛔虫攻心如针刺感，吐清水。龙胆一两去头，切碎，水两盏，煮取一盏，去渣。隔夜不进食，清晨一次性服用。《外台秘要》：治疗突然下血不止。龙胆一虎口量（约一两），用水五升，煮取二升半，分五次服用，痊愈为止。《肘后方》：治疗突然心痛。龙胆四两，酒三升，煮取一升半，一次性服用。
Longdan (Gentianae Radix)
Bitter, cold, very cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats chills and fever alternating between the bones, convulsions and epilepsy, expels pathogenic factors, reconnects severed injuries, stabilizes the five Zang organs, kills gu poison, eliminates latent heat in the stomach, treats seasonal warm febrile diseases, diarrhea and dysentery caused by heat, removes small intestinal parasites, benefits Qi of the liver and gallbladder, stops fright and tremors. Long-term use enhances intelligence and prevents forgetfulness, lightens the body, and delays aging. Also known as Lingyou. Grows in the valleys of Quchu Mountain and Yuanju in Qi region. Roots are harvested in February, August, November, and December, and dried in the shade. (Guanzhong (Cyathulae Radix) serves as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Fangkui (Adenophorae Radix) and Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix).)
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently produced along nearby routes, with those from Wuxing being superior. The shape resembles Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), and the taste is extremely bitter, hence named "Dan" (gallbladder/bitter). According to notes in other editions: The leaves resemble Longkui (Solanum nigrum L.), and the taste is bitter like gall, thus the name. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Longdan is a sovereign drug. It can generate cures for pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, enters the Heart meridian, treats high fever, bone-steaming heat, carbuncles and swellings, treats epidemic diseases, heat jaundice, and mouth ulcers. Rihua Zi stated: Xiaodou (Vigna angularis) serves as its guiding herb. Treats ke-wu (alien qi invasion) and gan accumulation, delirious speech due to febrile diseases, sores and scabies, brightens the eyes, stops irritability, enhances intelligence, and treats forgetfulness.
*Tujing* states: Longdan grows in the valleys of Quchu Mountain and Yuanju in Qi region, and is now also found along nearby routes. The perennial root is yellowish-white, drawing out more than ten roots downwards, resembling Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix).
It grows straight upward into seedlings, over one chi tall. Leaves emerge in April, slender like willow leaves, stems like small bamboo twigs. Flowers bloom in July, resembling Ipomoea flowers, bell-shaped, blue-green. Seeds form after winter, and the seedling withers. Roots are harvested in February, August, November, and December, and dried in the shade. Commonly called Caolongdan (Herbal Gentian). In central Zhejiang, there is Shanlongdancao (Mountain Gentian Herb), which has a bitter and astringent taste. The roots are finely chopped, soaked overnight in fresh ginger juice to remove their harsh nature, baked dry, pounded, decocted in water, and taken orally as one qianbi dose, warm. It treats pain in the four limbs. There is no specific time for harvesting. The leaves do not wither after frost and snow; this is a similar species but distinct variety. Ancient formulas often used it for treating jaundice. *Jiyan Fang* Gu Dan Wan (Grain Jaundice Pill): Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) 3 liang, Longdan 1 liang. Sift these two substances together, mix with ox bile to form pills. Take before meals with wheat drink, five pills the size of wutong seeds, three times daily. If ineffective, slightly increase the dose. *Shanfan Fang* treats Lao Dan (Consumption Jaundice), using the same Longdan, increased to 2 liang, plus 37 Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen) kernels. Sift and pound the three substances together, form pills with pig bile, take as previously described, down with drink. The explanation states: Lao Dan is named due to labor/overwork. Gu Dan is named due to food-induced labor/digestion issues.
Lei Gong stated: After harvesting, dry in the shade. When preparing for use, cut off the hairy earthy head with a copper knife, chop, soak overnight in Licorice Decoction (Gancao Tang), strain out the next morning, and sun-dry for use. Do not administer on an empty stomach, as it may cause urinary incontinence. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats roundworm attacking the heart causing stabbing pain and vomiting clear fluid. Longdan 1 liang, remove the head, chop. Add two zhan of water, boil to obtain one zhan, remove dregs. Fast overnight, take in one dose at dawn. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats sudden continuous hematochezia. Longdan one hukou (approx. 1 liang), add five sheng of water, boil to obtain 2.5 sheng, divide into five doses, until cured. *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats sudden heart pain. Longdan 4 liang, wine 3 sheng, boil to obtain 1.5 sheng, take in one dose.