体象 长脉迢迢，首尾俱端；直上直下，如循长竿。
主病 长主有余，气逆火盛。左寸见长，君火为病。右寸见长，满逆为定。左关见长，木实之殃。
右关见长，土郁胀闷。左尺见长，奔豚冲兢。右尺见长，相火专令。
【按】长之为义，首尾相称，往来端直也。在时为春，在卦为震，在
人为肝。肝主春生之令，天地之气至此而发舒，脉象应之，故得长也。《内经》曰∶“长则气治。”李月
池曰∶“心脉长者，神强气壮；肾脉长者，蒂固根深，皆言平脉也。如上文主病云云，皆言病脉也。”《内
经》曰∶“肝脉来软弱招招，如揭长竿末梢，曰肝平。肝脉来盈实而滑，如循长竿，曰肝病。”
故知长而和缓，即合春生之气，而为健旺之征；长而硬满，即属火亢之
形，而为疾病之应也。旧说过于本位，名为长脉，久久审度，而知其必不
然也。寸而上过，则为溢脉，寸而下过，则为关脉；关而上过，即属寸脉，
关而下过，即属尺脉；尺而上过，即属关脉，尺而下过，即属覆脉。由是察
之，然则过于本位，理之所必无，而义之所不合也。惟其状如长竿，则直上直下，首尾相应，非若他脉之
上下参差，首尾不匀者也。凡实牢弦紧，皆兼长脉，故古人称长主有余之疾，非无本之说也。
【体象】长脉的特征是脉动悠长，起首和结尾都端正；脉势直上直下，就像顺着长长的竹竿摸过去一样。
【主病】长脉主要主实证（有余），即气机逆乱、火邪炽盛。左寸部出现长脉，是君火（心火）为病。右寸部出现长脉，确定为胸中满闷、气机上逆之证。左关部出现长脉，是肝木实盛的灾殃。右关部出现长脉，是脾土郁滞导致的胀闷。左尺部出现长脉，是奔豚气（一种自觉有气从少腹上冲心胸的疾病）冲撞惊恐之证。右尺部出现长脉，是相火（命门之火）独旺的征象。
【按语】长脉的意义在于，脉动起首与结尾相称，往来脉势端直。在季节上对应春季，在八卦中对应震卦，在人体脏腑中对应肝脏。肝主管春季生发之气，天地间的阳气至此而舒展，脉象与之相应，所以呈现出长脉的形态。《黄帝内经》说：“脉长则表示气机调畅。”李月池说：“心脉长，代表神气强盛、气血壮实；肾脉长，代表根基稳固、元气深藏，这些都是指平脉（正常脉象）。至于上文所说的主病情况，都是指病脉。”《黄帝内经》又说：“肝脉来势软弱柔和，像高举长竿末梢那样轻灵，这叫肝平（正常的肝脉）。肝脉来势充盈坚实且滑利，像顺着长竿摸去那样硬挺，这叫肝病。”因此可知，如果脉长而且和缓，就符合春季生发之气，是健康旺盛的征兆；如果脉长而且坚硬满实，就属于火气亢盛的表现，是疾病的反应。旧有的观点认为超过本位才叫长脉，经过长久的审察衡量，知道这必然不对。寸部向上超过，称为溢脉；寸部向下超过，称为关脉；关部向上超过，就属于寸脉的范围；关部向下超过，就属于尺脉的范围；尺部向上超过，就属于关脉的范围；尺部向下超过，就称为覆脉。由此观察，所谓“超过本位”的说法，在道理上是绝对没有的，在义理上也是不合的。只有它的形状像长竿，才直上直下，起首与结尾相应，不像其他脉象那样上下参差不齐、首尾不均匀。凡是实脉、牢脉、弦脉、紧脉，都兼有长脉的特点，所以古人说长脉主实证，并非没有根据的说法。
[Physical Manifestation] The characteristic of the *Chang Mai* (Long Pulse) is that it extends far, with both its beginning and end being regular; it rises straight up and falls straight down, resembling the sensation of sliding one's fingers along a long bamboo pole.
[Indications] The Long Pulse primarily indicates excess conditions, specifically rebellious Qi and flourishing Fire. When seen at the Left Cun position, it indicates pathology of Jun Huo (Monarch Fire, i.e., Heart Fire). When seen at the Right Cun position, it definitively indicates chest fullness and rebellious Qi. When seen at the Left Guan position, it signifies the calamity of Liver Wood excess. When seen at the Right Guan position, it indicates distension and oppression due to Spleen Earth stagnation. When seen at the Left Chi position, it indicates Ben Tun (Rushing Pig, a condition characterized by a sensation of gas rushing from the lower abdomen) causing shock and fear. When seen at the Right Chi position, it indicates the exclusive dominance of Xiang Huo (Ministerial Fire).
[Commentary] The meaning of the Long Pulse lies in its balance between beginning and end, and its straight, unswerving movement. In terms of seasons, it corresponds to Spring; in the Eight Trigrams, it corresponds to Zhen (Thunder); in the human body, it corresponds to the Liver. The Liver governs the generative function of Spring; when Heaven and Earth's Qi reaches this stage, it expands and舒展 (unfolds), and the pulse image responds to this, thus manifesting as Long. The *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon) states: "A long pulse indicates regulated Qi." Li Yuechi stated: "A long Heart pulse indicates strong spirit and robust Qi; a long Kidney pulse indicates a solid foundation and deep roots; these all refer to Ping Mai (Normal Pulses). As for the indications mentioned above, they all refer to Bing Mai (Pathological Pulses)." The *Nei Jing* also states: "When the Liver pulse arrives soft and gentle, like the tip of a raised long pole, it is called Liver Ping (Normal Liver Pulse). When the Liver pulse arrives full, solid, and slippery, like sliding along a long pole, it is called Liver Disease." Therefore, we know that if the pulse is long yet harmonious and slow, it aligns with the generative Qi of Spring and is a sign of vigor and health; if the pulse is long yet hard and full, it belongs to the form of hyperactive Fire and is a response to disease. Old theories claimed that exceeding the original position defines the Long Pulse; after prolonged scrutiny, this is known to be incorrect. If the pulse extends upward beyond the Cun position, it is called Yi Mai (Overflowing Pulse); if it extends downward beyond the Cun position, it is called Guan Mai (Bisecting Pulse); if it extends upward beyond the Guan position, it falls into the realm of the Cun pulse; if it extends downward beyond the Guan position, it falls into the realm of the Chi pulse; if it extends upward beyond the Chi position, it falls into the realm of the Guan pulse; if it extends downward beyond the Chi position, it is called Fu Mai (Inverted Pulse). Observing this, the notion of "exceeding the original position" is logically impossible and conceptually inconsistent. Only because its shape resembles a long pole does it move straight up and down, with beginning and end corresponding to each other, unlike other pulses which are uneven and irregular in their vertical distribution. Real (Shi), Firm (Lao), Wiry (Xian), and Tight (Jin) pulses all accompany the Long Pulse; therefore, the ancient assertion that the Long Pulse indicates excess diseases is not without basis.