小便不通利者，肾与膀胱热故也。此二经为表里，俱主水。水行于小肠，入胞为小便，
热气在其脏腑，水气则涩，故小便不通利也。
脾与胃合，胃为水谷之海。水谷之精，化为血气，以行经脉；其糟粕、水液，行之于大
小肠。若三焦平和，则五脏调适，虚实冷热不偏。其脾胃气弱，大小肠偏虚，下焦偏冷，不
能制于水谷者，故令大小便数也。
小儿诸淋者，肾与膀胱热也。膀胱与肾为表里，俱主水。水入小肠，下于胞，行于阴，
为小便也。肾气下通于阴，阴，水液之道路；膀胱，津液之府。膀胱热，津液内溢，而流于
泽，水道不通，水不上不下，停积于胞，肾气不通于阴，肾热，其气则涩，故令水道不利，
小便淋沥，故谓为淋。其状∶小便出少起数，小腹弦急，痛引脐是也。又有石淋、气淋、热
淋、血淋、寒淋。诸淋形证，随名具说于后章，而以一方治之者，故谓诸淋也。
石淋者，淋而出石也。肾主水，水结则化为石，故肾客砂石。肾为热所乘，热则成淋。
其状∶小便茎中痛，尿不能卒出，时自痛引小腹。膀胱里急，砂石从小便道出。甚者水道塞
痛，令闷绝。
气淋者，肾虚，膀胱受肺之热气，气在膀胱，膀胱则胀。肺主气，气为热所乘，故流入
膀胱。膀胱与肾为表里，膀胱热则气壅不散，小腹气满，水不宣利，故小便涩成淋也。其状
∶膀胱小腹满，尿涩，常有余沥是也。亦曰气癃。
诊其少阴脉数者，男子则气淋也。
小便排出不畅利，是由于肾与膀胱有热邪所致。这两条经脉互为表里，共同主管水液代谢。水液运行经过小肠，进入膀胱化为小便。如果热邪存在于脏腑之中，水液的运行就会变得涩滞，从而导致小便不通畅。
脾与胃相合，胃是水谷汇聚的海洋。饮食水谷中的精微物质，转化为血气，在经脉中运行；其中的糟粕和水液，则输送到大肠和小肠。如果三焦功能平和，那么五脏就能协调适应，虚实、冷热不会偏颇。若脾胃之气虚弱，大小肠也偏向虚损，下焦偏向寒冷，不能制约水谷的运化，就会导致大小便次数频繁。
小儿的各种淋证，都是由于肾与膀胱有热邪所致。膀胱与肾互为表里，共同主管水液。水液进入小肠，下行至膀胱，通过阴部排出，成为小便。肾气向下通达于阴部，阴部是水液运行的通道；膀胱是津液储藏的府库。膀胱有热，津液内溢并流注于泽（此处指尿道或相关部位），导致水道不通，水液上不下、下不上，停滞积聚在膀胱中，肾气不能通达于阴部，肾中有热，气机涩滞，因此导致水道不利，小便淋漓不尽，所以称为“淋”。其症状表现为：小便量少且排尿次数多，小腹部拘急疼痛，疼痛牵引至肚脐。此外还有石淋、气淋、热淋、血淋、寒淋这几种。各种淋证的形态和证候，将在后面的章节中分别详细说明，这里用一方剂来统治各种淋证，所以称为“诸淋”。
石淋，是指排尿时伴有砂石排出。肾主水，水液凝结就会化为石头，所以砂石客居于肾。肾受到热邪的侵袭，热邪导致形成淋证。其症状表现为：排尿时尿道疼痛，尿液不能突然排出，时常疼痛牵引小腹。膀胱内部急迫不适，砂石从小便道排出。病情严重的会导致水道阻塞疼痛，使人闷乱甚至昏厥。
气淋，是由于肾虚，膀胱受到肺经传来的热邪影响，气机郁结在膀胱，导致膀胱胀满。肺主气，气被热邪所乘，因此流入膀胱。膀胱与肾互为表里，膀胱有热则气机壅滞不散，小腹胀满，水液不能宣通利导，因此小便涩滞而成淋证。其症状表现为：膀胱和小腹部胀满，尿液涩滞，经常有尿后余沥不尽的情况。这也称为“气癃”。诊察少阴脉数动的，男子患的就是气淋。
Urination that is not smooth and unobstructed is caused by heat in the Kidney (Shen) and Bladder (Pangguang). These two meridians are exteriorly-interiorly related and both govern water metabolism. Water flows through the Small Intestine (Xiaochang), enters the bladder to become urine. If heat pathogens reside within these zang-fu organs, the flow of water becomes astringent and sluggish, thus causing urination to be unsmooth and obstructed.
The Spleen (Pi) and Stomach (Wei) are harmonized; the Stomach is the sea of food and fluids. The essence from food and fluids transforms into blood and qi to circulate through the meridians; its dregs and liquid waste are transported to the Large Intestine (Dachang) and Small Intestine. If the Triple Burner (Sanjiao) is peaceful, the five zang organs will be regulated, and there will be no bias towards deficiency/excess or cold/heat. However, if the qi of the Spleen and Stomach is weak, the Large and Small Intestines tend toward deficiency, and the Lower Jiao tends toward cold, failing to control the transformation of food and fluids, this causes frequent urination and defecation.
Various types of strangury (Lin Zheng) in children are caused by heat in the Kidney and Bladder. The Bladder and Kidney are exteriorly-interiorly related and both govern water. Water enters the Small Intestine, descends to the bladder, passes through the yin region, and becomes urine. Kidney qi connects downward to the yin region, which is the pathway for fluid waste; the Bladder is the mansion of body fluids. When the Bladder has heat, body fluids overflow internally and flow into the channels, causing the water pathways to be obstructed. Water neither ascends nor descends, stagnating and accumulating in the bladder. Kidney qi fails to connect to the yin region; kidney heat causes qi to become astringent, thus leading to unsmooth water pathways, dribbling urination, hence termed "strangury" (Lin). Its presentation includes: small amount of urine with frequent voiding, tension and urgency in the lower abdomen, pain radiating to the umbilicus. There are also stone strangury (Shi Lin), qi strangury (Qi Lin), heat strangury (Re Lin), blood strangury (Xue Lin), and cold strangury (Han Lin). The morphological signs and syndromes of various stranguries are explained individually in subsequent chapters; here, one formula is used to treat all stranguries, hence termed "various stranguries" (Zhu Lin).
Stone strangury (Shi Lin) refers to strangury accompanied by the passage of stones. The Kidney governs water; when water coagulates, it transforms into stones, so stones and sand lodge in the Kidney. When the Kidney is invaded by heat, heat generates strangury. Its presentation includes: pain in the urethra during urination, inability to pass urine suddenly, pain often radiating to the lower abdomen. Urgency within the Bladder, with stones and sand passing through the urinary tract. In severe cases, the water pathway is blocked causing pain, leading to suffocation or fainting.
Qi strangury (Qi Lin) is caused by Kidney deficiency, where the Bladder receives heat qi from the Lung. Qi accumulates in the Bladder, causing distension. The Lung governs qi; when qi is invaded by heat, it flows into the Bladder. The Bladder and Kidney are exteriorly-interiorly related; bladderness heat causes qi to stagnate and fail to disperse, resulting in fullness in the lower abdomen and failure of water to circulate smoothly, thus causing astringent strangury. Its presentation includes: fullness of the Bladder and lower abdomen, astringent urination, and constant post-void dribbling. It is also called "qi retention" (Qi Long). Palpation revealing a rapid pulse at the Shaoyin position indicates that a male patient suffers from qi strangury.