凡药有大毒，不可入口鼻耳目，即杀人者，一曰钩吻，生朱崖；二曰HT ，又名 日
，状如黑雄鸡，生山中；三曰阴命，赤色，着木悬其子，生山海；四曰海姜，状如龙芮，赤
色，生海中；五曰鸩羽，状如雀，黑项赤喙，食蝮蛇，生海内。但被此诸毒药，发动之状，
皆似劳黄，头项强直，背痛而欲寒，四肢酸洒，毛悴色枯，肌肉缠急，神情不乐。又欲似瘴
病，或振寒如疟，或壮热似时行，或吐或利，多苦头痛。又言人齿色黑，舌色赤多黑少，并
着药之候也。
岭南俚人别有不强药，有蓝药，有焦铜药，金药，菌药，此五种药中人者，亦能杀人。
但此毒初着，人不能知，欲知是毒非毒者，初得便以灰磨洗好熟银令净，复以水杨枝洗口齿
，含此银一宿卧，明旦吐出看之，银黑者是不强药，银青黑者，是蓝药，银紫斑者，是焦铜
药。此三种，但以不强药最急毒。若热酒食里着者，六七日便觉异；若冷酒食里着，经半月
始可知耳。若含银，银色不异，而病候与着药之状不殊，心疑是毒，欲得即知者，可食鲤鱼
，食竟此毒即发。亦空腹取银口含之，可两食顷，出着露下，明旦看银色，若变黑，
即是药毒。又言取鸡子煮去壳，令病患齿啮鸡子白处，亦着露下，若齿啮痕处黑，即是也。
又言觉四大不调，即须空腹食炙鸡、炙羸、鸭等肉，触犯令药发，即治之便瘥；若久不
治，毒侵肠胃，难复攻治。若定知着药，而四大未羸者，取大戟长三寸许食之，必大吐利，
若色青者，是焦铜药；色赤者，是金药；吐菌子者，是菌药。此外，杂药利亦无定色，但小
异常利耳。
又有两种毒药，并名当孤草。其一种着人时，脉浮大而洪，病发时啬啬恶寒，头微痛，
干呕，背迫急，口噤，不觉嚼舌，大小便秘涩，眼匡唇口指甲颜色皆青是也。又一种当孤草
毒者，其病发时，口噤而干，舌不得言，咽喉如锥刀刺，胸中甚热，膊胛满，不至百日
，身体唇口手脚指甲青而死。
又着乌头毒者，其病发时，咽喉强而眼睛疼，鼻中艾臭，手脚沉重，常呕吐，腹中热闷
，唇口习习，颜色乍青乍赤，经百日死。
凡人若色黑、大骨及肥者，皆胃浓，则胜毒；若瘦者，则胃薄，不胜毒也。
凡是药物有大毒，不能入口、鼻、耳、目，否则会立即致人死亡的，有五种：一是钩吻，生长在朱崖；二是[某种毒物]，又名[某名]，形状像黑色的雄鸡，生长在山中；三是阴命，颜色赤红，附着在树木上并悬挂着它的果实，生长在海边和山中；四是海姜，形状像龙芮，颜色赤红，生长在海中；五是鸩羽，形状像麻雀，颈部黑色，喙部赤红，以蝮蛇为食，生长在海内。一旦遭受这些毒药侵害，发作时的症状，都像劳黄病（一种因虚劳导致的黄疸类疾病），表现为头项强直，背痛且怕冷，四肢酸楚洒淅感，毛发憔悴，面色枯槁，肌肉拘挛紧急，神情不悦。又像是瘴病，有时发冷颤抖如疟疾，有时高热似流行病，有时呕吐有时腹泻，大多痛苦于头痛。又说人的牙齿颜色变黑，舌头颜色赤多黑少，都是中了药毒的表现。
岭南地区的俚人另外有不强药、蓝药、焦铜药、金药、菌药这五种毒物，人如果中了这五种毒，也能致死。但这几种毒初中毒时，人往往不知道。想要知道是否中毒，刚中毒时就先用灰磨洗好的熟银使其洁净，再用杨柳枝清洗口齿，含着这块银过夜睡觉，第二天早晨吐出来观察：银变黑的是中了“不强药”，银呈青黑色的是中了“蓝药”，银上有紫色斑点的是中了“焦铜药”。这三种毒中，以“不强药”毒性最急烈。如果毒物混在热酒热食中，六七天就能察觉异常；如果混在冷酒冷食中，经过半个月才能发现。如果含银后，银色没有变化，但病症表现与中毒症状无异，心中怀疑是中毒，想要立刻确认，可以吃鲤鱼，吃完后此毒就会发作。也可以空腹取银含在口中，约两顿饭的时间，取出放在露水下面，第二天早晨看银色，如果变黑，就是药毒。又说取鸡蛋煮熟去壳，让病人的牙齿咬住蛋白部分，也放在露水下面，如果牙齿咬痕处变黑，就是中毒了。又说如果觉得身体四大（地、水、火、风）不调，就必须空腹吃烤鸡、烤瘦猪肉、鸭肉等，通过触犯食物使药毒发作，然后进行治疗就会痊愈；如果久治不愈，毒气侵入肠胃，就难以再攻治了。如果确定是中毒，而身体尚未极度虚弱的人，可以取长约三寸的大戟服用，必定会剧烈呕吐和腹泻，如果吐出物色青，是中了焦铜药；色赤，是中了金药；吐出菌子状物的，是中了菌药。此外，杂药引起的腹泻也没有固定的颜色，只是比平常腹泻略有异常罢了。
又有两种毒药，都名叫当孤草。其中一种毒中人时，脉象浮大而洪，发病时啬啬怕冷，头部微痛，干呕，背部紧迫拘急，口噤（牙关紧闭），不知不觉咬断舌头，大小便秘涩不通，眼眶、嘴唇、口角、指甲颜色皆青，这就是中了这种毒。另一种当孤草毒，发病时，口噤且干燥，舌头不能言语，咽喉像被锥刀刺割，胸中非常热，肩胛部胀满，不到一百天，身体、嘴唇、手脚指甲变青而死。
又有人中了乌头毒，发病时，咽喉强直且眼睛疼痛，鼻孔中有艾草臭味，手脚沉重，经常呕吐，腹中热闷，嘴唇跳动，脸色忽青忽赤，经过一百天死亡。
Any medicine with great toxicity, which must not enter the mouth, nose, ears, or eyes, as it will cause immediate death if ingested or inhaled, includes five types: First is Gougen (Gelsemium elegans), growing in Zhuya; Second is [a certain toxic substance], also known as [a certain name], resembling a black rooster, growing in mountains; Third is Yinming, red in color, attaching to trees and hanging its fruits, growing by the sea and in mountains; Fourth is Haijiang, resembling Longrui (Ranunculus japonicus), red in color, growing in the sea; Fifth is Zhenyu (Plumage of the Zhen bird), resembling a sparrow, with a black neck and red beak, feeding on Viper snakes, growing inland. Upon exposure to these toxic substances, the onset of symptoms resembles Laohuang disease (a jaundice-like condition caused by deficiency and exhaustion), manifesting as stiffness of the head and neck, back pain accompanied by aversion to cold, soreness and shivering of the four limbs, emaciated hair, withered complexion, muscle spasms and tightness, and mental distress. It may also resemble Miasma disease (Zhangbing), with chills and tremors like malaria, or high fever similar to epidemic febrile diseases, vomiting or diarrhea, and severe headache. Additionally, blackening of the teeth and a tongue that is predominantly red with some black spots are signs of poisoning.
The Li people in Lingnan have other poisons: Buqiang Yao, Lan Yao, Jiaotong Yao, Jin Yao, and Jun Yao. Poisoning by any of these five can also be fatal. However, initially, victims often do not realize they are poisoned. To determine if one has been poisoned, immediately after exposure, wash a piece of well-cooked silver with ash until clean, then rinse the mouth and teeth with a willow branch. Hold the silver in the mouth overnight while sleeping. Spit it out the next morning for observation: if the silver turns black, it indicates poisoning by Buqiang Yao; if it turns cyan-black, it indicates Lan Yao; if it shows purple spots, it indicates Jiaotong Yao. Among these three, Buqiang Yao is the most acute and toxic. If the poison is mixed into hot wine or food, abnormalities are felt within six to seven days; if mixed into cold wine or food, it takes half a month to detect. If holding the silver does not change its color, but the symptoms match those of poisoning, and one suspects poisoning and wishes to confirm it immediately, eating carp can induce the poison to manifest. Alternatively, hold silver in the mouth on an empty stomach for about two meal durations, then place it under dew. Check the silver's color the next morning; if it turns black, it confirms poisoning. Another method involves boiling an egg, peeling it, and having the patient bite the egg white. Place the bitten egg under dew; if the bite marks turn black, it confirms poisoning. It is also said that if one feels an imbalance of the Four Elements (Earth, Water, Fire, Wind), one should eat roasted chicken, lean pork, or duck meat on an empty stomach to trigger the poison's eruption, allowing for treatment and recovery. If left untreated for too long, the toxin invades the intestines and stomach, making it difficult to treat. If poisoning is confirmed and the body is not yet severely weakened, taking Daji (Euphorbiae Radix) about three cun in length will induce severe vomiting and diarrhea. If the vomitus is green, it is Jiaotong Yao; if red, it is Jin Yao; if mushroom-like substances are expelled, it is Jun Yao. Other miscellaneous poisons cause diarrhea without fixed colors, merely differing slightly from normal diarrhea.
There are two types of poisonous plants both named Danggu Cao. One type causes floating, large, and surging pulse; upon onset, the victim feels chilly and afraid of cold, has slight headache, dry heaving, tightness and urgency in the back, trismus (lockjaw), unconscious biting of the tongue, constipation of urine and feces, and bluish discoloration of the eye sockets, lips, corners of the mouth, and nails. The other type of Danggu Cao poison causes trismus and dryness, inability to speak due to tongue immobility, sensation of needle-like stabbing in the throat, intense heat in the chest, fullness in the shoulder blades, and death within less than 100 days with bluish discoloration of the body, lips, hands, feet, and nails.
Poisoning by Wutou (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) manifests with stiff throat and painful eyes, an odor of mugwort in the nose, heavy limbs, frequent vomiting, stifling heat in the abdomen, twitching of the lips, alternating blue and red complexion, leading to death after 100 days.
Generally, individuals with dark skin, prominent bones, or obesity have thick Stomach Qi and can tolerate toxins; whereas thin individuals have weak Stomach Qi and cannot tolerate toxins.