以肺在上属阳，肾、肝在下属阴。肾者，肝之母；肝者，肾之子。肾肝同病，乙癸同源之义也。故凡肝
经有病，必推化源与肾。如疝为足厥阴肝经病，以其环阴器、抵少腹、控睾丸，而为痛者，皆肝之所属
也。而《素问》又云∶肾脉主病，从少腹上冲心而痛，不得前后，为冲疝。则疝未尝不本于肾经为病
者，何丹溪乃曰疝主肝经，与肾经绝无相干？夫肾，水脏也，膀胱为之腑。膀胱为寒水所化，疝本寒湿之
气所感，以寒召寒，其邪最速，而肾与膀胱为表里。经云∶诸寒收引，皆属于肾。故疝之挛急而上冲心胃
者，正肾邪之为病也。见今人病疝，一有房劳，则其病便发而不止。故《圣济总录》云∶嗜欲劳伤，肾水
涸竭，无以滋荣肝气，则留滞内结，发为阴疝，是疝之发于肾虚者多。若治疝不从化源，而日以伐肝疏导从
事，则病益剧而难疗。临是症者，当以丹溪之言，专主肝经与肾虚而致者甚多，以参、术为君，疏导药佐
之为得，而不可执肾经无干之言为据也。
观刘河间三消论，一皆以燥热太甚。张子和三消，俱从火断。二公之言详矣。然《内经》又曰∶心
移寒于肺，为肺消，饮一溲二，死不治。此元阳既亏，金寒水冷，则阴邪乘之；阳衰则气虚，阳不帅
阴，则水不化气。故饮水少而便溺多，为肺肾之消，必以温剂散去寒邪，阳气渐回，则阴寒自退。此正所谓
心移寒于肺，饮一溲二之证也。可见消有阴阳，不得尽称为火。
肺位于上部，属于阳；肾和肝位于下部，属于阴。肾是肝的母亲；肝是肾的儿子。肾与肝共同患病，体现了“乙癸同源”（肝肾同源）的道理。因此，凡是肝经发生病变，必须追溯其化生之源是否与肾有关。例如疝气（指以少腹疼痛、牵引睾丸为主要表现的病证）是足厥阴肝经的病变，因为肝经环绕生殖器、抵达小腹、牵连睾丸并引起疼痛，这些都归属于肝。然而《素问》又说：肾脉主病，若感觉从少腹向上冲撞心脏而疼痛，大小便不通，称为冲疝。那么疝气未尝不是根源于肾经为病，为什么朱丹溪却说疝气主要责之于肝经，与肾经完全没有关系呢？肾是水脏，膀胱是其腑。膀胱由寒水所化，疝气本是由寒湿之气感受所致，以寒召寒，邪气入侵最快，而肾与膀胱互为表里。医经说：所有的寒冷收缩引急症状，都归属于肾。所以疝气出现拘挛紧急并向上冲撞心胃的情况，正是肾邪致病的表现。如今人们患疝气，一旦有房劳过度，病情就会发作且不止息。所以《圣济总录》说：嗜好欲望导致劳伤，肾水枯竭，无法滋养肝气，于是气血留滞内结，发为阴疝，这说明疝气的发作多因肾虚引起。如果治疗疝气不从化源入手，而是每天采用攻伐肝脏、疏通导滞的方法，那么病情会更加严重且难以治愈。面对这种病症，应当参考丹溪的观点，认识到专主肝经或肾虚导致的疝气很多，应以人参、白术为君药，辅以疏导药物，这才是得当的治疗，而不能执着于“肾经无干”的说法作为依据。
再看刘河间的三消论，一概认为是燥热太甚。张子和论述三消，也都从火的角度判断。两位先生的言论已经很详细了。然而《内经》又说：心将寒邪移传给肺，形成肺消，喝一份水排两份尿，属于死症，难以治愈。这是因为元阳已经亏损，金寒水冷，阴邪趁机侵袭；阳气衰弱则气虚，阳气不能统帅阴液，则水液不能化为气化。所以喝水少而小便多，这是肺肾之消，必须以温补药剂散去寒邪，待阳气逐渐恢复，阴寒自然消退。这正是所谓“心移寒于肺，饮一溲二”的证候。由此可见，消渴病有阴阳之分，不能全部称为火证。
The Lung is located in the upper part and belongs to Yang; the Kidney and Liver are located in the lower part and belong to Yin. The Kidney is the mother of the Liver; the Liver is the child of the Kidney. When the Kidney and Liver suffer from disease together, it embodies the principle of "Yi-Gui Tong Yuan" (Liver-Kidney sharing the same source). Therefore, whenever there is pathology in the Liver Meridian, one must trace the source of transformation to see if it relates to the Kidney. For instance, Shan (Hernia, referring to diseases characterized by pain in the hypochondrium radiating to the testicles) is a disease of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian because the meridian circles the external genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, and connects with the testicles causing pain, all of which are under the jurisdiction of the Liver. However, *Su Wen* also states: When the Kidney pulse indicates disease, if there is a sensation of Qi rushing up from the lower abdomen to the heart causing pain, accompanied by inability to urinate or defecate, it is called Chong Shan (Rushing Hernia). Thus, Shan has not failed to originate from pathology in the Kidney Meridian. Why did Zhu Danxi say that Shan is primarily related to the Liver Meridian and has absolutely nothing to do with the Kidney Meridian? The Kidney is an organ of Water, and the Bladder is its Fu organ. The Bladder is transformed from Cold Water. Shan is originally caused by the invasion of Cold-Dampness Qi. Inviting cold with cold, the pathogen enters most rapidly. Since the Kidney and Bladder are interior-exteriorly related, the classics state: All conditions of contraction and pulling due to cold belong to the Kidney. Therefore, when Shan presents with spasmodic tension and rushes upward to affect the Heart and Stomach, this is precisely pathology caused by Kidney pathogens. Currently, when people suffer from Shan, once they engage in sexual exhaustion, the disease erupts and does not cease. Thus, *Shengji Zonglu* states: Indulgence in desires causes fatigue and injury; when Kidney Water is depleted and unable to nourish Liver Qi, stagnation occurs internally, leading to Yin Shan. This indicates that the onset of Shan is often due to Kidney Deficiency. If treating Shan without addressing the source of transformation, but instead daily employing methods to attack the Liver and promote dredging, the disease will become more severe and difficult to treat. In such cases, one should refer to Danxi's words, recognizing that many cases are caused by exclusive focus on the Liver Meridian or Kidney Deficiency. Using Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) as the sovereign drugs, assisted by dredging agents, is appropriate. One must not cling to the statement that "the Kidney Meridian has no relation" as a basis.
Regarding Liu Hejian's discussion on San Xiao (Three Wasting-Thirst syndromes), he attributes them entirely to excessive Dryness-Heat. Zhang Zihe also judges San Xiao based on Fire. The statements of these two masters are detailed. However, *Nei Jing* also says: When the Heart transfers Cold to the Lung, it forms Fei Xiao (Lung Xiao), characterized by drinking one unit of fluid while urinating two units, which is incurable and fatal. This is because the Primordial Yang is already deficient, resulting in Cold Metal and Cold Water, allowing Yin pathogens to take advantage; Yang deficiency leads to Qi deficiency, and when Yang cannot command Yin, water fails to transform into Qi. Consequently, drinking little yet urinating much constitutes Xiao of the Lung and Kidney. It must be treated with warming agents to disperse Cold pathogens; as Yang Qi gradually returns, Yin-Cold will naturally recede. This is precisely the syndrome described as "Heart transferring Cold to the Lung, drinking one and urinating two." Thus, it can be seen that Xiao involves both Yin and Yang and cannot be entirely classified as Fire.