治伤寒身黄发热者。
栀子(十五枚) 甘草(一两) 黄柏(二两) 水四升,煮一升半,去滓,分温再服。
(汪 庵《医方集解》引张文仲方) 治伤寒下利,如烂肉汁赤滞,伏气腹痛
栀子豉汤原方加薤白一两。
栀豉汤治阳明表,(太阳之表证当温散,阳明之表证当清泄。葛根汤治太阳传入阳明之
表而无汗者,桂枝加葛根汤治太阳传入阳明之表而有汗者,升麻葛根汤治阳明自病之表而无
汗者,此栀豉汤治阳明自病之表而有汗者。)脉浮紧而咽口燥,发热汗出不恶寒,气喘胸满
心懊 ,(以上皆阳明表证,非因误治而得者。)虚烦反复不得眠,胸中窒痛舌胎皓。(此因
汗下之后,虚其正气,而邪热仍扰于上焦,故胸中满者,变为窒痛,心中懊 者,变为虚烦
不得眠,然仍不出阳明之表,观舌胎白,邪热在上焦可知。)以上皆宜栀豉疗,(《本经》∶栀
子
与
滑
邪
《
加入何方之内,当知主治不出此方矣。但世俗治时证,不辨伤寒、温热,不分有汗、无汗,
开手辄用栀、豉,则又大失制方之义矣。)清泄阳明是其要。(旭高谓栀子豉汤是阳明清泄之
法,不是上涌之剂,观《伤寒论》栀豉汤证数条,并未言及“吐”字,但云“病患旧微溏者
不可与”,则栀子之性可明矣。至其方末之“得吐止后服”一句,焉知非衍文错简,编书者
误收之耶!柯韵伯谓栀子之性,苦寒泄热,并非吐药,惟豉之腐气,上熏心肺,能令人吐,
以瓜蒂散取用豉汁和服为证据。不知瓜蒂本为吐药,其用豉汁和服者,以豉能调中下气,恐
过吐伤其中气耳,非瓜蒂必得豉而吐也。按∶瓜蒂散证,心下痞硬而烦,欲食不食,欲吐不
吐,是寒食并结于胸中,故引而越之;栀豉汤证,心中懊 虚烦,与舌胎头汗,是湿热郁蒸
于心下,故苦以泄之。一属有形而可吐,一属无形而不可吐,何得混同为吐剂哉!试令单煮
瓜蒂服必吐,但服香豉则不吐,不辨可知矣。余义见卷四《杂说》。)前证(懊 、虚烦、舌
胎等证。)兼呕加生姜,(名栀子生姜豉汤)若然少气加甘草。(名栀子甘草豉汤 呕则加生
姜以止呕,少气便加甘草以益气,见证施治,古人每不出此。)栀子干姜汤去豉,下后微烦
热不了。(下后寒气留中,故用干姜。身热微烦,故用栀子。不懊 ,故去豉。)又有栀子朴
实汤,下后心烦(栀子)腹满饱。(浓朴、枳实以泄腹满。)枳实栀豉(汤)劳复宜,(劳复
乃病后气虚,余邪犹未清楚,因劳即发,其证不一,故不着其病形,惟轻清泄却上焦之邪足
矣。后人以补为治,反致变证百出。)食复再加大黄讨。(此指食复之重者言耳。若宿食不甚,
枳实已能为效。)酒疸心中热(痛)懊 ,栀子大黄汤亦好。(治疸之法甚多,此治心中懊
热痛者。)伤寒发热身为黄,栀子柏皮甘草妙。(名栀子柏皮汤 栀子、柏皮以寒胜热,以苦
燥湿,已得治黄之要,而乃缓以甘草者,黄必内合太阴之湿化,若发热者,热已不瘀于里,
有出表之势,汗下皆所不必,但当奠安脾土,使湿热分解,其黄自除。栀子浓朴汤言热,栀
子干姜汤言
辛通滑利,
是指脾虚
栀子(十五枚) 甘草(一两) 黄柏(二两) 用水四升,煮取一升半,滤去药渣,分两次温服。
(汪昂《医方集解》引用张文仲的方子)治疗伤寒引起的下利,大便像烂肉汁一样赤色黏滞,这是伏气引发的腹痛。
栀豉汤用于治疗阳明经表证。(太阳经的表证应当用温散法,阳明经的表证应当用清泄法。葛根汤治疗太阳病传入阳明经表证而无汗的情况,桂枝加葛根汤治疗太阳病传入阳明经表证而有汗的情况,升麻葛根汤治疗阳明经自感外邪的表证而无汗的情况,此栀豉汤治疗阳明经自感外邪的表证而有汗的情况。)脉象浮紧且咽喉口腔干燥,发热出汗但不恶寒,气喘胸闷心中烦闷不安。(以上都是阳明经表证,并非因误治而导致的。)虚烦反复无常无法入睡,胸中憋闷疼痛舌苔洁白。(这是因为经过发汗或攻下之后,正气虚弱,而邪热仍然扰乱上焦,所以胸中满闷变为窒塞疼痛,心中烦闷不安变为虚烦不得睡眠,然而这些症状仍未超出阳明经表证的范畴,观察舌苔白色,可知邪热位于上焦。)以上情况都适宜用栀豉汤治疗,《神农本草经》记载:栀子能……(此处原文有缺漏/乱码,推测意为清热除烦等功)。加入哪一方剂之中,就知道其主治不出这个范围了。但是世俗之人治疗时令疾病,不辨别是伤寒还是温热病,不分有汗无汗,一动手就用栀子和豆豉,这就大大失去了制方的本义了。(高学山认为栀子豉汤是阳明经清泄的方法,不是向上涌吐的药剂,看《伤寒论》中栀豉汤的几条证候,并没有提到“吐”字,只说“病人素来大便微溏者不可服用”,那么栀子的药性就可以明白了。至于方后注中的“得吐止后服”一句,怎么知道不是衍文错简,编书的人错误收录的呢!柯琴认为栀子的药性,苦寒泄热,并不是吐药,只有豆豉的腐气,向上熏蒸心肺,能让人呕吐,以瓜蒂散取用豆豉汁调和服用作为证据。不知道瓜蒂本身就是吐药,它使用豆豉汁调和服用,是因为豆豉能调和中气、降气,担心过度呕吐损伤中气罢了,并不是瓜蒂必须依靠豆豉才能引起呕吐。按:瓜蒂散的证候,心下痞硬且烦闷,想吃吃不下,想吐吐不出,这是寒食并结于胸中,所以用引越法(催吐);栀豉汤的证候,心中烦闷不安、虚烦,以及舌苔和头汗,这是湿热郁蒸于心下,所以用苦味药来泄热。一个属于有形之邪可以吐,一个属于无形之邪不可以吐,怎么能混同为吐剂呢!试着单煮瓜蒂服用必定会吐,但单独服用香豉则不会吐,不辨别也就知道了。其余义理见卷四《杂说》。)前面的证候(懊憹、虚烦、舌苔等证候)如果兼有呕吐,加生姜,(名为栀子生姜豉汤)如果有少气,加甘草,(名为栀子甘草豉汤 呕吐就加生姜来止呕,少气就加甘草来益气,根据见证施治,古人往往不出此范围。)栀子干姜汤去掉豆豉,用于攻下后轻微烦热不退。(攻下后寒气留滞在中焦,所以用干姜。身热微烦,所以用栀子。没有懊憹,所以去掉豆豉。)又有栀子厚朴汤,用于攻下后心烦(栀子)、腹部胀满饱闷。(厚朴、枳实用来泄除腹满。)枳实栀豉汤适用于劳复,(劳复是病后气虚,余邪尚未清除干净,因为劳累而复发,其证候不一,所以不详细描述病形,只要用轻清的药物泄却上焦的邪气就够了。后人用补法治疗,反而导致变证百出。)食复再加大黄来消除。(这里指食复较重的情况。如果宿食不严重,枳实已经能起效。)酒疸心中热痛懊憹,栀子大黄汤也很好。(治疗黄疸的方法很多,此方治疗心中懊憹热痛的。)伤寒发热身体发黄,栀子柏皮甘草配合巧妙。(名为栀子柏皮汤 栀子、黄柏用寒性胜热,用苦味燥湿,已经得到了治疗黄疸的要旨,而缓用甘草的原因,是因为黄疸必然内合太阴脾土的湿化,如果发热的,说明热势已经不瘀结在里,有向外透达的趋势,发汗和攻下都不是必要的,只应当奠安脾土,使湿热分解,黄疸自然消除。栀子厚朴汤侧重言热,栀子干姜汤言……辛通滑利,是指脾虚……)
Treats the condition of Shanghan (Cold Damage) presenting with jaundice and fever.
Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus, 15 pieces), Gan Cao (Licorice Root, 1 liang), Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, 2 liang). Add four sheng of water, decoct to obtain one and a half sheng, remove the dregs, and divide into two warm doses.
(Wang Ang's *Yi Fang Ji Jie* cites Zhang Wenzhong's formula) Treats Shanghan-induced diarrhea, where the stool resembles rotten meat juice with red stagnation, caused by latent pathogenic qi leading to abdominal pain.
Add Xie Bai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, 1 liang) to the original Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction).
Zhi Chi Tang treats Yangming exterior syndrome. (The exterior syndrome of Taiyang should be treated with warming dispersion; the exterior syndrome of Yangming should be treated with clearing and purging. Gegen Tang treats the exterior syndrome when Taiyang transmits to Yangming without sweating; Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang treats it with sweating; Shengma Gegen Tang treats the exterior syndrome of Yangming contracted independently without sweating; this Zhi Chi Tang treats the exterior syndrome of Yangming contracted independently with sweating.) The pulse is floating and tight, with dryness in the throat and mouth, fever, sweating, aversion to cold absent, asthma, chest fullness, and Ao Nao (restlessness and discomfort). (These are all Yangming exterior syndromes, not resulting from mis-treatment.) There is empty irritability, restlessness preventing sleep, chest obstruction and pain, and white tongue coating. (This occurs after sweating or purging, where righteous qi is depleted but pathogenic heat still disturbs the Upper Jiao, causing chest fullness to become obstruction and pain, and heart restlessness to become empty irritability and insomnia. However, these remain within the Yangming exterior, as indicated by the white tongue coating showing pathogenic heat in the Upper Jiao.) All the above conditions are suitable for treatment with Zhi Chi Tang. (*Ben Jing* states: Zhi Zi clears... [text missing/garbled]. Adding it to any formula indicates its primary indication falls within that scope. However, lay practitioners treating seasonal diseases often fail to distinguish between Shanghan and Warm diseases, or between sweating and non-sweating patterns, indiscriminately using Zhi Zi and Chi, which greatly deviates from the principle of formula formulation.) Gao Xuexiang stated that Zhi Zi Chi Tang is a method for clearing and purging Yangming, not an emetic agent. Observing several cases of Zhi Zi Chi Tang in *Shanghan Lun*, there is no mention of "vomiting," only that "patients with chronic loose stools should not take it," clarifying the nature of Zhi Zi. As for the instruction "stop taking after vomiting" at the end of the formula, how do we know it is not a textual error or misplaced text erroneously included by editors? Ke Yunbo argued that Zhi Zi's nature is bitter and cold, clearing heat, and is not an emetic; only the fermented odor of Chi steams upward to the Heart and Lungs, inducing vomiting, citing the use of Chi juice mixed with Gua Di San as evidence. He failed to realize that Gua Di itself is an emetic; the use of Chi juice is because Chi harmonizes the middle and descends qi, fearing that excessive vomiting would damage middle qi, not that Gua Di requires Chi to induce vomiting. According to analysis: Gua Di San indications include epigastric hardness and irritability, desire to eat but inability, desire to vomit but inability, indicating cold and food stagnation bound in the chest, thus requiring induction of vomiting. Zhi Chi Tang indications include heart restlessness, empty irritability, tongue coating, and head sweat, indicating damp-heat stifling in the lower chest, thus requiring bitter herbs to drain heat. One involves tangible pathogens amenable to vomiting; the other involves intangible pathogens not amenable to vomiting. How can they be confused as emetics? Testing shows boiling Gua Di alone induces vomiting, while Xiang Chi alone does not, making the distinction clear. Further discussion is in Volume 4 *Miscellaneous Sayings*. For the aforementioned symptoms (Ao Nao, empty irritability, tongue coating, etc.), if accompanied by vomiting, add Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), named Zhi Zi Sheng Jiang Chi Tang. If there is shortness of breath (Shao Qi), add Gan Cao, named Zhi Zi Gan Cao Chi Tang. Vomiting is stopped by adding Sheng Jiang; shortness of breath is addressed by adding Gan Cao to tonify qi. Ancient physicians tailored treatments to manifestations accordingly. Remove Chi from Zhi Zi Gan Jiang Tang for mild lingering heat and vexation after purging. (Cold qi remains in the middle after purging, hence Gan Jiang; body heat and mild vexation require Zhi Zi; absence of Ao Nao means Chi is removed.) There is also Zhi Zi Hou Po Tang for post-purging heart vexation (Zhi Zi) and abdominal fullness/distension (Hou Po, Zhi Shi). Zhi Shi Zhi Chi Tang is suitable for relapse due to overexertion (Lao Fu). (Lao Fu occurs when qi is deficient after illness and residual pathogens remain unclear, triggered by exertion; symptoms vary, so specific forms are not detailed; light and clear herbs suffice to drain upper jiao pathogens. Later practitioners used tonification, leading to myriad complications.) For relapse due to improper diet (Shi Fu), especially severe cases, add Da Huang to eliminate stagnation. (If stored food is not severe, Zhi Shi suffices.) For Wine Jaundice with heart heat/pain and Ao Nao, Zhi Zi Da Huang Tang is also effective. (There are many methods for treating jaundice; this treats heart Ao Nao, heat, and pain.) For Shanghan with fever and yellowing of the body, Zhi Zi, Bo Pi (Huang Bo), and Gan Cao work excellently together, named Zhi Zi Bo Pi Tang. (Zhi Zi and Bo Pi use coldness to overcome heat and bitterness to dry dampness, grasping the essence of treating jaundice. Gan Cao is used gently because jaundice internally combines with Spleen-Taiyin damp transformation. If fever is present, heat is not stagnant inside but has a tendency to exit the exterior; sweating and purging are unnecessary. Instead, stabilizing Spleen earth allows damp-heat to separate, and jaundice resolves. Zhi Zi Hou Po Tang emphasizes heat; Zhi Zi Gan Jiang Tang emphasizes... pungent, unblocking, slippery, and lubricating, referring to Spleen deficiency...)