治风寒在表，头项强痛，背亦强，牵引KT KT 然，脉浮，无汗恶风，而下利者；并
治
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两） 桂枝 芍药 甘草（各二两） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十
二枚） 水一斗，先煮麻黄、葛根减二升，去沫，纳诸药，煮取三升，去滓，温服一升。覆
取微汗，不须啜粥。
治太阳阳明合病，必自下利而兼呕。
葛根汤内加半夏半升（先煎）。
葛根汤内麻黄 ，二味加入桂枝汤。（即桂枝汤加麻黄、倍葛根以去营实，小变麻、桂
之法。）轻可去实因无汗，（徐之才曰∶“轻可去实，麻黄、葛根之属是也。”）有汗加葛无麻
黄。（即桂枝加葛根汤一条，治证与此同。但彼因汗出，故无麻黄；此因无汗，故加麻黄也。）
项背KT KT 太阳病，才及阳明用此方。（此治太阳之邪才及阳明之方）此方并可医刚痉，
（无汗为刚痉，有汗为柔痉。）口噤头摇背反张。（痉病之象如此）表有风寒下利者，（解表
则下利自止，此为表实下利，而非里实故也）。兼呕宜加半夏良。（名葛根加半夏汤 太阳阳
明合病下利，用葛根汤兼解两经之邪。若呕者，加入半夏一味以止呕。随证立方，各有法度。）
《本草》葛根除大热，（大热乃阳明之证，故用之耳。）升津止渴利相当。（葛根甘凉生津，
体轻而升，能引胃中清气上行，故凡口渴下利多用之。）正阳明病何尝用，（葛根为治阳明经
病表药，若阳明腑病，当下不当汗，故仲景于《正阳明病篇》中无葛根之方。）易老东垣尚
未详。（易老东垣分经定药，以葛根为阳明主药，未分经腑，是其说尚有未详也。）
治疗风寒邪气在体表，出现头项部僵硬疼痛，背部也感到僵硬，牵强不适感明显，脉象浮，无汗且怕风，同时伴有腹泻的情况；以及
治疗
葛根（四两） 麻黄（三两） 桂枝 芍药 甘草（各二两） 生姜（三两） 大枣（十二枚） 用水一斗，先煮麻黄、葛根，水量减少二升，撇去浮沫，加入其余药物，煎煮取汁三升，滤去药渣，温服一升。服药后覆盖衣被以取得微微出汗的效果，不需要喝热粥来辅助发汗。
治疗太阳病与阳明病同时发病（合病），必然出现自发性腹泻并兼有呕吐的症状。
在葛根汤中加入半夏半升（先煎）。
葛根汤是由麻黄和桂枝这两味药加入桂枝汤中组成的。（即桂枝汤加上麻黄，并将葛根的用量加倍，以祛除营分之实邪，是对麻黄汤和桂枝汤方法的微小变通。）轻扬的药物可以祛除实邪，因为患者无汗，（徐之才说：“轻扬之品可去实邪，如麻黄、葛根这类药物就是。”）如果有汗则加葛根而不加麻黄。（这就是桂枝加葛根汤这一条的内容，治疗的证候与此相同。但彼方因已有汗出，所以不加麻黄；此方因无汗，所以加入麻黄。）项背部僵硬不适属于太阳病范畴，刚涉及阳明经就使用此方。（这是治疗太阳邪气刚刚波及阳明的方剂）此方还可以治疗刚痉病，（无汗称为刚痉，有汗称为柔痉。）表现为牙关紧闭、头部摇动、背部反张。（这些是痉病的典型征象）表有风寒且伴有腹泻的，（解除表邪则腹泻自然停止，这是因为属于表实导致的腹泻，而不是里实所致）。兼有呕吐症状时加入半夏效果良好。（名为葛根加半夏汤。太阳阳明合病导致下利，使用葛根汤同时解除两条经络的邪气。如果伴有呕吐，加入一味半夏以止呕。根据证候确立方剂，各有法度。）《本草》记载葛根能清除大热，（大热是阳明经的证候，所以使用它。）葛根升腾津液、止渴的功效相当显著。（葛根味甘性凉，能生津，质地轻清而上升，能引导胃中的清气上行，所以凡是口渴、腹泻多使用它。）正统的阳明病何尝用过此药，（葛根是治疗阳明经病在表的药物，如果是阳明腑病，应当攻下而不应当发汗，所以张仲景在《正阳明病篇》中没有使用葛根的方剂。）李东垣等人对此尚未详尽阐明。（易老和李东垣按经络确定用药，将葛根作为阳明经的主药，但未区分经病和腑病，说明他们的说法还有不够详尽的地方。）
Indicated for wind-cold pathogenic factors in the exterior, presenting with stiffness and pain in the head and nape, rigidity of the back, pulling and tightness (KT KT), floating pulse, absence of sweating, aversion to wind, accompanied by diarrhea; and also indicated for:
Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction)
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (4 liang), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (3 liang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao, 芍药), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (each 2 liang), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) (3 liang), Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣) (12 pieces). Use one dou of water. First decoct Mahuang and Gegen, reducing the volume by two sheng, skim off the foam, then add the remaining herbs. Decoct to obtain three sheng of liquid. Strain the dregs. Take one sheng warm. Cover with blankets to induce a slight sweat. There is no need to drink hot porridge to assist sweating.
Indicated for Taiyang-Yangming combined disease, which necessarily presents with spontaneous diarrhea and vomiting.
Add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 半夏) half sheng (decocted first) to Ge Gen Tang.
The Mahuang in Ge Gen Tang, these two ingredients added to Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). (This is essentially Gui Zhi Tang with added Mahuang and doubled Gegen to dispel excess in the Ying level, a slight modification of the Mahuang and Guizhi methods.) Light substances can remove excess when there is no sweating. (Xu Zhicai stated: "Light substances can remove excess, referring to herbs such as Mahuang and Gegen.") When there is sweating, add Gegen but omit Mahuang. (This refers to the clause on Gui Zhi Jia Ge Gen Tang [Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu Root], where the syndrome treated is similar. However, that formula omits Mahuang because sweating is already present; this formula adds Mahuang because sweating is absent.) Stiffness and tightness in the neck and back indicate Taiyang disease; use this formula when the pathogen just reaches the Yangming channel. (This is a formula for treating Taiyang pathogens just entering Yangming.) This formula can also treat Gang Jing (Stiff-Spasm). (Absence of sweating is called Gang Jing; presence of sweating is called Rou Jing [Soft-Spasm].) Symptoms include locked jaw, head tremor, and opisthotonos (backward arching of the back). (These are the manifestations of Jing disease.) For exterior wind-cold with diarrhea, (releasing the exterior will stop the diarrhea spontaneously; this is exterior-excess diarrhea, not interior-excess). If vomiting is present, adding Banxia is beneficial. (Named Ge Gen Jia Ban Xia Tang [Kudzu Root Decoction plus Pinellia]. For Taiyang-Yangming combined disease with diarrhea, Ge Gen Tang is used to resolve pathogens in both channels simultaneously. If vomiting occurs, add Banxia to stop vomiting. Formulas are established according to syndromes, each following specific principles.)
Ben Cao [Compendium of Materia Medica] states that Gegen clears severe heat. (Severe heat is a symptom of Yangming, hence its use.) It raises fluids and relieves thirst effectively. (Gegen is sweet and cool, generates fluids, has a light texture and ascending nature, and can guide clear Qi from the stomach upward. Therefore, it is commonly used for thirst and diarrhea.) Why would Zheng Yangming Bing (Standard Yangming Disease) use this? (Gegen is an exterior-releasing herb for Yangming channel disease. If it is Yangming Fu-organ disease, purgation is indicated, not sweating. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing did not include formulas with Gegen in the "Standard Yangming Disease" chapter.) Li Dongyuan and others had not yet fully elaborated. (Li Dongyuan and others assigned drugs to channels, designating Gegen as the chief herb for Yangming, without distinguishing between Channel and Fu-organ diseases, indicating their theory was not yet exhaustive.)