治太阳温病，无汗而喘，大热大渴。
麻黄（四两去节） 杏仁（五十个去皮尖） 甘草（二两炙） 石膏（半斤打碎绵裹） 以
水七升，
治风湿一身尽疼，发热，日晡所剧者。
麻黄（半两去节） 杏仁（十个去皮尖） 薏苡仁（半两） 甘草（一两炙） 锉麻豆
大，每服四钱匕，水一盏半，煎八分，去滓，温服。有微汗，宜避风。（此方分两甚轻，疑
类唐人校订《金匮》，加减仲景之方，非原方也。不然，汉时四钱匕，以今秤计之，只得八
九分，而欲以治发热身疼之证，有杯水车薪之诮矣。）
麻杏甘草石膏汤，泄肺存阴定热喘。（麻黄汤，治寒喘也；此去桂枝而重用石膏，治热
喘也。）无汗汗出休拘泥，（按∶《伤寒论》原文本作“汗出而喘，无大热者”，柯韵伯《伤寒
来苏集》改作“无汗而喘，大热者”，颇属理正辞明。盖汗出何可更用麻黄，无大热何可更
用
热
以
麻
多从实证看。（此要诀也。不独喘病，百病皆然。）虽未明言治温病，此汤清散颇相安。（太
阳病发热而渴，不恶寒者为温病。仲景虽未出方治，而此汤清散，正是治温之法也。）除去
石膏加薏苡，（名麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤）发热身疼风湿搏。此与麻黄加术法，大同小异别风
寒。（麻黄加术汤治寒湿，麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤治风湿。）
治疗太阳温病，表现为无汗且气喘，伴有高热和大渴。
麻黄（四两，去除节部） 杏仁（五十个，去皮和尖端） 甘草（二两，蜜炙） 石膏（半斤，打碎后用绵布包裹） 用水七升，
治疗风湿病导致全身疼痛，发热，且在下午申时（约15-17点）加重的情况。
麻黄（半两，去除节部） 杏仁（十个，去皮和尖端） 薏苡仁（半两） 甘草（一两，蜜炙） 锉成如麻豆大小的颗粒，每次服用四钱匕，加水一盏半，煎至八分满，去渣，温服。若有微汗，应注意避风。（此方剂量很轻，怀疑是类同唐人校订《金匮要略》时，对张仲景原方的加减，并非原方。否则，汉代时的四钱匕，按现代秤计算，仅得八九分重，想要用来治疗发热身疼的病症，会有杯水车薪的讥讽。）
麻杏甘草石膏汤，能清泄肺热、保存阴液、平息热喘。（麻黄汤，治疗寒性气喘；此方去掉桂枝而重用石膏，治疗热性气喘。）无汗或汗出都不必拘泥，（按：《伤寒论》原文本作“汗出而喘，无大热者”，柯韵伯在《伤寒来苏集》中改为“无汗而喘，大热者”，颇为合理且辞意明确。因为既然有汗出，为何还要用麻黄？既然没有大热，为何还要用热药？大多从实证角度看待。（这是关键要领。不仅喘病如此，百病皆然。）虽然未明确说明治疗温病，此汤的清散作用颇为适宜。（太阳病发热且口渴，不恶寒的称为温病。张仲景虽未列出方剂治疗，但此汤的清散之法，正是治疗温病的方法。）除去石膏加入薏苡仁，（名为麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤）发热身疼因风湿搏结。这与麻黄加术汤的方法，大同小异，区别在于风寒与风湿。（麻黄加术汤治疗寒湿，麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤治疗风湿。）
Treats Taiyang Warm Disease (Taiyang Wenbing, a warm disease pattern affecting the Taiyang channel), presenting with anhidrosis (absence of sweating) and wheezing, accompanied by high fever and intense thirst.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (4 liang, remove nodes) Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) (50 seeds, remove skin and tips) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (2 liang, honey-fried) Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (0.5 jin, crushed and wrapped in cotton cloth) Use 7 sheng of water to decoct.
Treats Wind-Dampness (Fengshi, 风湿) causing pain throughout the body, fever, which worsens during the Shen hour (日晡所, approximately 3-5 PM).
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (0.5 liang, remove nodes) Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) (10 seeds, remove skin and tips) Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) (0.5 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1 liang, honey-fried) Cut into pieces the size of hemp seeds. Take 4 qianbi per dose, add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct until reduced to 0.8 sheng, strain, and take warm. If slight sweating occurs, avoid wind. (The dosages in this formula are very light; it is suspected to be similar to Tang dynasty revisions of the *Jin Gui Yao Lue*, representing modified formulas from Zhang Zhongjing's original prescriptions rather than the originals themselves. Otherwise, four qianbi in Han dynasty measurements would amount to only eight or nine fen by modern standards, which would be like a cup of water on a cartload of firewood—insufficient—to treat conditions of fever and body pain.)
Ma Xing Gan Shi Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Apricot Seed, Licorice, and Gypsum Decoction) clears Lung heat, preserves Yin, and calms wheezing caused by heat. (Ma Huang Tang treats cold-induced wheezing; this formula removes Cinnamon Twig and heavily uses Gypsum to treat heat-induced wheezing.) Whether there is anhidrosis or sweating, do not be rigidly bound by these symptoms. (Note: The original text of *Shang Han Lun* states "sweating and wheezing with no significant heat," but Ke Yunbo in *Shang Han Lai Su Ji* revised it to "anhidrosis and wheezing with high heat," which is logically sound and clearly expressed. For if there is sweating, why use Ephedra? If there is no significant heat, why use hot herbs? This should mostly be viewed from the perspective of excess syndromes. (This is a crucial principle. It applies not only to wheezing but to all diseases.) Although it does not explicitly state treatment for Warm Disease, the clearing and dispersing action of this decoction is quite appropriate. (Taiyang disease characterized by fever, thirst, and aversion to cold being absent is defined as Warm Disease. Although Zhang Zhongjing did not provide a specific formula for this, the clearing and dispersing nature of this decoction aligns precisely with the method for treating Warm Disease.) Remove Gypsum and add Coix Seed (named Ma Huang Xing Ren Yi Yi Gan Cao Tang); fever and body pain result from the binding of Wind-Dampness. This is largely similar but slightly different in method from Ma Huang Jia Zhu Tang, distinguishing between Cold-Dampness and Wind-Dampness. (Ma Huang Jia Zhu Tang treats Cold-Dampness, while Ma Huang Xing Ren Yi Yi Gan Cao Tang treats Wind-Dampness).)