一证有不同而吹药之治,亦须分别良未,可以一方而遍施也。如《外科正宗》之金锁匙冰硼散,乃治属实症
之喉风,非白腐症之所宜用,且近来诸喉患用之尚不甚效,何况白腐之属燥属虚者乎?尝见治喉之辈,无论虚实,
均以此丹吹之,尤有于吕雪丹中加辰砂者,殊不知焰硝雄砂,皆劫夺之品,岂可施于白腐烂喉之症乎!但用此药
吹之,已经相反,又加之汤液,非宜,安得不夭枉人命者耶?一白腐最忌酸咸涩味点染,如白霜、梅、僵蚕、牛
胆、胆矾、枯矾、牙硝、玄明粉之类。一吕雪丹惟于红肿有形而起白者宜之。一本科辛乌散不宜用,倘妄用之,
其白腐更甚,而症反增剧矣。一神功丹最相宜,其人中白须要经历霜雪陈过数十年者方佳,若新者不可用。一柳
华散亦不宜妄用。一麝香、皂角、藜芦,皆不宜用冰片,宜于少不可用多。一治法,凡咽内不红肿而起白者,开
首必须辛凉而散,于汤液中只用薄荷三四分,不可用多,多则泄汗亡阳,反伤肺气。若现鼻塞音哑,打呛气促,
鼻煽等候,而薄荷即不宜投,如辛凉不应,亦不宜再进,即当以养阴清润为主,勿论其发热与否,专养阴而热自
除,喉白亦必渐减矣虽曰方书未详言及一经阐发明哲,又何难治之有耶?至于小儿本由肺肾不足,而发是症,复
为庸医妄投表散、攻下,以致肺气益伤发喘鼻塞,音哑打呛,而舌未黑者,惟用独参汤,频进,可救一二。无奈
人参近今价贵极矣,万难应用,即费去重价,亦少真者,用亦无益,医虽有方药难应手,不亦殆哉!
同一病症存在不同证型,因此使用吹药治疗时,也必须仔细辨别良莠(优劣/适宜与否),不能简单地用同一个方剂普遍施用。例如《外科正宗》中的金锁匙冰硼散,是用于治疗属于实证类型的喉风病,并不适合用于白腐症,而且近年来其他咽喉疾病使用此药效果尚且不显著,更何况是那些属于燥邪或虚证的白腐症呢?我常常见到治疗咽喉疾病的医生,不分虚实证候,都使用这种丹药吹入咽喉,更有甚者还在吕雪丹中加入辰砂。他们不知道焰硝、雄黄和朱砂(辰砂)都是具有猛烈攻伐性质的药物,怎么能施用于已经腐烂的白腐喉症呢!仅仅使用这些药物吹敷就已经与病情相悖了,如果再配合汤药内服,更加不适宜,这难道不是导致人命夭折的原因吗?
白腐症最忌讳酸、咸、涩味的药物沾染,例如白霜、梅子、僵蚕、牛胆、胆矾、枯矾、牙硝、玄明粉等都属于此类禁忌。吕雪丹只适用于咽喉红肿且有形突起并伴有白色腐物的情况。本科辛乌散不宜使用,如果胡乱使用,会导致白腐症状加重,病情反而加剧。神功丹最为适宜,但其中的人中白必须经过霜雪经历数十年陈化者才好,如果是新制的则不可使用。柳华散也不宜胡乱使用。麝香、皂角、藜芦这些药物,如果不加冰片尚可,若加冰片则用量宜少不宜多。
关于治疗方法:凡是咽喉内部不红肿而出现白色的,起初必须采用辛凉发散的方法,在汤液中只使用薄荷三四分,不可多用,因为薄荷多用会导致出汗过多而亡失阳气,反而损伤肺气。如果出现鼻塞、声音嘶哑、呛咳气促、鼻翼扇动等症状,那么就不宜投用薄荷;如果使用辛凉法无效,也不宜继续进服,此时应当以滋养阴液、清热润燥为主,不论是否有发热,专门滋养阴液则热邪自然消除,喉部的白色腐物也必然逐渐减少。虽然医书对此未详细言明,一旦加以阐发说明,又有什么难治的呢?至于小儿发病,原本是由于肺肾不足所致,又被庸医错误地投予解表发散或攻下泻下的药物,导致肺气进一步受损,出现气喘、鼻塞、声音嘶哑、呛咳等症状,且舌苔尚未变黑的,只有使用独参汤,频繁服用,才可以挽救一二生机。无奈人参近年价格极其昂贵,很难应用,即使花费重金购买,也很难买到真品,使用了也没有益处。医生虽然有方药却难以见效,这不是很危险吗!
For the same disease, there are different syndromes; therefore, when treating with medicated powders blown into the throat, one must distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate applications, rather than applying a single formula universally. For instance, *Jinsuo Shi Bingpeng San* (Golden Lock Key Ice and Borax Powder) from *Waike Zhengzong* (Orthodox Manual of External Medicine) is indicated for *Houfeng* (Throat Wind) presenting as an Excess syndrome, and is not suitable for *Baifu* (White Putrefaction). Moreover, its efficacy in recent years for various throat ailments has been unsatisfactory, let alone for *Baifu* cases characterized by Dryness or Deficiency. I have often observed practitioners who, regardless of whether the syndrome is Excess or Deficiency, use this powder indiscriminately. Some even add *Chensha* (Cinnabar) to *Lvxue Dan*. They fail to realize that *Yanxiao* (Saltpeter), *Xionghuang* (Realgar), and *Chensha* are harsh, purgative agents; how can they be applied to a throat condition already suffering from putrefaction? Merely blowing these drugs onto the affected area contradicts the pathology, and administering decoctions concurrently is even more contraindicated. Is it not thus that human lives are prematurely cut short?
*Baifu* strictly forbids contact with sour, salty, or astringent substances, such as *Baishuang* (White Frost), plum (*Meizi*), *Jiangcan* (Bombyx Batryticatus), ox gall (*Niudan*), *Danfan* (Alum), *Kufan* (Calcined Alum), *Yaxiao* (Niter), and *Xuanningfen* (Mirabilite). *Lvxue Dan* is only suitable for cases presenting with redness, swelling, visible protrusions, and white putrefactive matter. *Benke Xinwu San* should not be used; if misapplied, the white putrefaction will worsen, and the condition will intensify. *Shengong Dan* is most appropriate, but the *Renzhongbai* (Calculus Ureae/Human Dander) contained within must be aged for decades after exposure to frost and snow to be effective; fresh material is unusable. *Liuhua San* should also not be used recklessly. Regarding *Shexiang* (Musk), *Zaojiao* (Gleditsia Sinensis), and *Lilu* (Veratrum Nigrum), if *Bingpian* (Borneol) is added, the dosage must be small, not large.
Regarding treatment methods: For cases where the interior of the pharynx shows no redness or swelling but presents with white patches, initial treatment must employ Acrid-Cool dispersing methods. In decoctions, only 3-4 fen of *Bohe* (Mint) should be used; excessive use causes profuse sweating and loss of Yang Qi, thereby damaging Lung Qi. If symptoms such as nasal congestion, hoarseness, choking coughs, rapid breathing, and alar flaring appear, *Bohe* is contraindicated. If Acrid-Cool methods prove ineffective, further administration is inadvisable; instead, the focus should shift primarily to nourishing Yin and clearing heat with moistening properties. Regardless of the presence or absence of fever, specifically nourishing Yin will naturally eliminate heat, and the white throat lesions will gradually diminish. Although medical texts do not elaborate extensively on this, once clarified by wise minds, what difficulty remains in treatment?
In children, this disease arises from inherent insufficiency of the Lung and Kidney. When misdiagnosed and mistreated by incompetent physicians with superficial-releasing or purgative formulas, Lung Qi is further damaged, leading to wheezing, nasal congestion, hoarseness, and choking coughs. In cases where the tongue coating has not yet turned black, only frequent administration of *Dushen Tang* (Single Ginseng Decoction) can save a few lives. However, given the exorbitant price of *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) in recent times, its application is difficult. Even if great expense is incurred, genuine products are scarce; thus, its use yields little benefit. Physicians possess prescriptions but cannot achieve expected results; is this not perilous?