中风之病，昔人有真类之分，盖以贼风邪气所中者为真，痰火食气所发者为类也。以愚
观之，人之为病，有外感之风，亦有内生之风。而天人之气，恒相感召，真邪之动，往往相因。
故无论贼风邪气从外来者，必先有肝风为之内应。即痰火食气从内发者，亦必有肝风为之始
基。设无肝风，亦只为他病已耳。宁有卒倒、偏枯、歪僻、牵引等症哉。经云∶风气通于肝
。又云∶诸风掉眩，皆属于肝；诸湿肿满，皆属于脾；诸寒收引，皆属于肾。由此观之，则
中风之病，其本在肝，犹中湿之属于脾，中寒之属于肾也。虽五脏各有中风之症，然风在他
脏，则又显他脏之证矣。岂如今人之所谓中风哉，而其为病，则有脏腑经络浅深之异。口眼
歪斜，络病也，其邪浅而易治；手足不遂，身
体重痛，经病也，邪差深矣，故多从倒仆后见之；卒中昏厥，语言错乱，腑病也，其邪为尤
深矣。大抵倒仆之候，经腑皆能有之。其倒后神清识人者在经，神昏不识人者在腑耳。至于
唇缓失音，耳聋目瞀，遗尿声鼾等症，则为中脏，病之最深者也。然其间经病兼腑者有之，
脏病连经者有之，腑脏经络齐病者有之，要在临病详察也。至于真邪虚实之故，治法通塞之宜
，苟不预为讲求，何以应斯仓卒哉。夫邪气所触者，邪风暴至，真气反陷经络腑脏，卒然不
得贯通，不相维系。《内经》所谓邪风之至，疾如风雨是也。脏邪所发者，脏气内虚，肝风
独胜，卒然上攻九窍，旁溢四肢，如火之发，如泉之达，而不可骤止。肝象木而应风，而其
气又暴故也。又邪气所触者，风自外来，其气多实。肝病所发者，风从内出，其气多虚。病
虚者，气多脱。病实者，气多闭。脱者欲其收，不收则死；闭者欲其通，不通亦死。约言治
要，盖有八法，兹用条列于后，神而明之，存乎其人耳。又五脏中风分治之方，余见古方庞
杂失旨，不适于用，谨删正五方，并录出以备检用云。
中风这一疾病，过去有人将其分为“真中”与“类中”，大概认为由贼风邪气侵袭所致的是“真中”，由痰、火、食积、气逆等因素引发的是“类中”。依我看来，人患病，既有外感的风邪，也有内生的风邪。而人体之气与自然之气，常常相互感应，真邪之动，往往互为因果。所以无论是来自外部的贼风邪气，必定先有肝风在体内作为呼应；即使是痰火食气从内部引发的病症，也必然以肝风为基础。假如没有肝风，那也只是其他疾病罢了，怎么会有突然昏倒、半身不遂、口眼歪斜、肢体牵引等症状呢？《内经》说：“风气通于肝。”又说：“各种风病引起的震颤眩晕，都归属于肝；各种湿病引起的肿胀腹满，都归属于脾；各种寒病引起的收缩牵引，都归属于肾。”由此看来，中风的根本在于肝，就像中湿归属于脾，中寒归属于肾一样。虽然五脏都有中风的症状表现，但如果风邪在其他脏腑，就会显现出该脏腑的证候了，这难道就是现在人所理解的中风吗？至于其发病情况，则有脏腑经络深浅的不同。口眼歪斜，是络脉病变，邪气较浅，容易治疗；手足不能随意运动，身体沉重疼痛，是经脉病变，邪气稍深，所以多在跌倒仆倒后出现；突然昏厥，言语错乱，是腑病，邪气更深了。大抵跌倒仆倒的症状，经病和腑病都可能出现。跌倒后神志清醒、能识别人的，属于经病；神志昏迷、不能识别人的，属于腑病。至于嘴唇松弛失音、耳聋、视物模糊、遗尿、打鼾等症状，则是中脏，是病情最深的。然而其中也有经病兼及腑病的，有脏病牵连经病的，有腑、脏、经络同时患病的，关键在于临证时详细诊察。至于真邪虚实的缘故，治法中通补与通泄的适宜选择，如果不预先加以研究探讨，怎么能应对这种突发状况呢？邪气所触犯的，是邪风暴至，真气反而陷入经络脏腑，突然不得贯通，不相维系。这就是《内经》所说的“邪风之至，疾如风雨”。脏气所引发的，是脏气内部虚弱，肝风独盛，突然向上攻冲九窍，向旁溢流四肢，像火爆发，像泉水涌出，而不能骤然停止。这是因为肝象木而应风，且其气暴烈的缘故。另外，邪气所触犯的，风自外来，其气多属实证；肝病所引发的，风从内出，其气多属虚证。病属虚的，气多脱失；病属实的，气多闭塞。脱证的想要使其收敛，不收敛则死；闭证的想要使其通畅，不通畅亦死。概括而言，治疗要点约有八法，现分条列述如下，若能神妙地运用并明白其理，全在于医者本人。另外关于五脏中风的分治方剂，我认为古方庞杂且失去宗旨，不适于使用，谨此删定修正五个方剂，并记录出来以备检查使用。
The disease of stroke (Zhong Feng), in ancient times, was divided into "true stroke" (Zhen Zhong) and "simulated stroke" (Lei Zhong). It was believed that those caused by pathogenic wind-evil (Zei Feng Xie Qi) invading the body were true strokes, while those triggered by phlegm-fire (Tan Huo), food stagnation (Shi Ji), or qi rebellion (Qi Ni) were simulated strokes. In my opinion, diseases in humans involve both externally contracted wind (Wai Gan Zhi Feng) and internally generated wind (Nei Sheng Zhi Feng). The qi of humanity and nature constantly resonate with each other; the movement of true qi and evil often causes one another. Therefore, whether the pathogenic wind-evil comes from outside, it must first have liver wind (Gan Feng) responding within; even if the pathology originates internally from phlegm-fire or food stagnation, it must necessarily be based on liver wind. Without liver wind, it would merely be other diseases, how could there be symptoms such as sudden collapse (Cu Dao), hemiplegia (Pian Ku), facial deviation (Wai Pi), or limb traction (Qian Yin)? The Classic says: "Wind qi communicates with the Liver." It also states: "All wind disorders involving tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver; all dampness disorders involving swelling and fullness belong to the Spleen; all cold disorders involving contraction and pulling belong to the Kidney." From this perspective, the root of stroke lies in the Liver, just as damp-stroke belongs to the Spleen and cold-stroke belongs to the Kidney. Although all five zang organs can present stroke-like symptoms, if wind affects other zang organs, it will manifest as syndromes of those specific organs, which is not what contemporary people refer to as stroke. Regarding the pathology, there are differences in depth between the zang-fu organs and meridians. Facial deviation involves the collaterals (Luo Mai); the pathogen is shallow and easy to treat. Limb paralysis and heavy body pain involve the meridians (Jing Mai); the pathogen is deeper, so these symptoms often appear after a fall. Sudden fainting and disordered speech involve the fu organs; the pathogen is even deeper. Generally, collapse can occur in both meridian and fu organ diseases. If consciousness is retained after falling, it is a meridian disease; if unconsciousness occurs, it is a fu organ disease. Symptoms such as flaccid lips and loss of voice, deafness, blurred vision, urinary incontinence, and snoring indicate involvement of the zang organs, representing the deepest level of disease. However, there may be meridian diseases complicating fu organ diseases, zang diseases affecting meridians, or simultaneous involvement of fu, zang, and meridians; this requires careful examination during clinical practice. Regarding the causes of true/evil and deficiency/excess, and the appropriateness of tonifying versus purging treatments, without prior study, how can one respond to such emergencies? When touched by pathogenic qi, the evil wind arrives suddenly, causing true qi to sink into the meridians and zang-fu organs, suddenly losing connection and mutual support. This corresponds to the statement in the *Inner Canon*: "When pathogenic wind arrives, it is swift as wind and rain." When originating from zang organ dysfunction, internal zang qi is deficient, and liver wind dominates, suddenly attacking the nine orifices above and overflowing into the four limbs, like an erupting fire or gushing spring, impossible to stop abruptly. This is because the Liver corresponds to Wood and Wind, and its qi is violent. Furthermore, when affected by external pathogens, wind comes from outside, and the condition is mostly excess (Shi); when arising from Liver disease, wind comes from inside, and the condition is mostly deficiency (Xu). Deficiency diseases involve qi depletion (Tuo); excess diseases involve qi closure (Bi). For depletion, the goal is to consolidate; without consolidation, death ensues. For closure, the goal is to unblock; without unblocking, death ensues. Briefly summarizing the therapeutic essentials, there are eight methods, listed below. Their profound application depends on the practitioner. Regarding formulas for treating stroke in the five zang organs, I find ancient formulas numerous,杂乱 (disorganized), and lacking in principle, making them unsuitable for use. I have carefully revised five formulas and recorded them here for reference.