伤食者，饮食自倍，肠胃乃伤也。当分上中下三焦而治，在上吐之，在中消之，在下夺
罗太无云∶大抵内伤之理，伤之微者，但减食一二日，所伤之物，自得消化，此良法也
。若伤之稍重者，以药内消之。伤之太重者，以药除下之。
瓜蒂散 宿食在上脘，用此吐之。所谓在上者因而越之也。
瓜蒂（炒） 赤豆（煮，各等分）
上为细末，以豉七合煮汁和散，一匕服。
一法∶温浆水调服一钱匕，取吐为度。经云∶上部有脉，下部无脉，其人当吐，不吐者
谓食塞于上，而脉绝于下也。何者？阳火之根，本于地下，阴水之源，出于天上，食塞于上
，是绝五脏之源，源绝则水不下流，两尺脉绝。吐去上焦之物，而脉自通。如不能吐，则非
食病，而是根蒂之先拔，故死。或以阴阳水三升，煮白盐一升令消，分三服，刺吐去所食即愈。出《千金方》。
红丸子 壮脾胃，消宿食，去膨胀。
京三棱 蓬术 青皮（去白） 陈皮（去白，各五斤） 炮姜 胡椒（各三斤）
上为末，醋面和丸，如梧子大，矾红为衣，每服三十丸，食后姜汤下。《易简方》有阿
治食索粉成积方
紫苏浓煎汁，加杏仁泥，服之即散。
治食狗肉不消，心下坚，或腹胀，口干大渴，心急发热，狂言妄语，或洞下。
杏仁一升，去皮尖，研，以沸汤三升，和绞汁三服。狗肉原片皆出净，或以芦根煮饮之亦消。
《千金》治所食不消方
取其余类烧作末，酒服方寸匕，便吐其宿食即瘥。
按∶饮食停滞中脘，虽藉药力为之消磨，然所以营运药力者，胃气也，故有屡经消食行
气，而食不下者，余即于前所用药内，加人参一二钱，治之如神，学人不可不知。
备急方 治寒饮食过伤，心腹卒痛如锥刺。
川大黄（末） 干姜（末） 巴豆（去皮心，研，去油用霜）
上各等分，和合一处研匀，炼蜜为丸，如小豆大，温水下一丸，实者加一丸。一云∶每
服三丸，未知更服三丸，腹中转鸣，当吐下便愈。
东垣导滞丸 治伤湿热之物，不得旋化而作痞满、闷乱不安、便闭者。
黄芩 茯苓 白术 黄连（各三钱） 泽泻（二钱） 枳实 神曲（各半两） 大
上为末，汤浸蒸饼为丸，食远沸汤下五十丸。
鹤年云∶伤食与停食宜分两项。伤食者，饮食自倍，肠胃乃伤，病在不及消化。停食不
之多少，或当食而怒，或当食而病，在气结而不能化也。治伤食宜偏重于食，或吐、或下、
或消。若停食则偏重在气，惟理气而兼之以消，吐下之法，不可用也。大都伤食当分上中下
三焦，而停食则专在胃脘也。
伤食，是指饮食过量一倍以上，导致肠胃受损。治疗时应根据病位在上、中、下三焦分别处理：病位在上者用吐法，在中者用消导法，在下者用泻下法。
罗太无说：大抵内伤的机理，受伤轻微者，只需减少饮食一两天，所伤的食物自然能够消化，这是很好的方法。如果受伤稍重者，用药物内部消解。如果受伤太重者，用药物的泻下作用排出体外。
瓜蒂散：宿食停留在上脘，使用此方催吐。这就是所谓“病位在上者，因势利导使其从上而出”的意思。
将上述药物研为细末，用香豉七合煎煮取汁，调和药散，每次服用一方寸匕。
另一种方法：用温浆水调服一钱匕，以吐出为度。《内经》说：“上部有脉，下部无脉，其人应当呕吐，若不吐，是因为食物堵塞于上，导致下部脉气断绝。”为什么呢？阳火的根本，源于地下；阴水的源头，出于天上。食物堵塞于上，是断绝了五脏的源头，源头断绝则水液不能下行，导致两尺脉绝。通过呕吐去除上焦的积滞，脉气自然通畅。如果不能呕吐，那就不是单纯的食病，而是元气根基先拔除，所以会死亡。或者用阴阳水三升，煮白盐一升至溶解，分三次服用，刺激呕吐，排出所食之物即可痊愈。出自《千金方》。
京三棱 蓬术 青皮（去白） 陈皮（去白，各五斤） 炮姜 胡椒（各三斤）
将上述药物研为末，用醋和面制成丸剂，如梧桐子大小，以矾红为衣，每次服用三十丸，饭后用姜汤送服。《易简方》中有阿魏治食积成块的方子。
治疗食用狗肉不消化，心下坚硬，或腹胀，口干大渴，心急发热，胡言乱语，或腹泻如水。
杏仁一升，去皮尖，研磨，用沸汤三升，混合绞取汁液，分三次服用。狗肉原片全部取出，或者用芦根煮水饮用也能帮助消化。
《千金方》治疗所食不消化的方子
取其他剩余食物烧成粉末，用酒送服一方寸匕，便会吐出宿食而痊愈。
按语：饮食停滞在中脘，虽然借助药力来消磨，但营运药力的根本在于胃气，所以有时多次使用消食行气的药物，而食积仍不消散，我随即在前面所用药物中加入人参一二钱，治疗效果如神，学习者不可不知。
将上述药物各等分，混合一处研匀，用炼蜜制成丸剂，如小豆大小，温水送服一丸，实证者可加服一丸。另一说法：每次服用三丸，若未见效再服三丸，腹部出现肠鸣音，当出现呕吐或腹泻后即可痊愈。
东垣导滞丸：治疗因湿热之物损伤，不能即时运化而导致痞满、闷乱不安、大便闭塞者。
黄芩 茯苓 白术 黄连（各三钱） 泽泻（二钱） 枳实 神曲（各半两） 大黄
将上述药物研为末，用汤浸蒸饼制成丸剂，饭后用沸水送服五十丸。
鹤年说：伤食与停食应分为两类。伤食，是指饮食过量一倍以上，肠胃受损，病症在于来不及消化。停食不论饮食多少，或者是进食时发怒，或者是进食时生病，在于气机郁结而不能化。治疗伤食宜偏重于消食，或用吐法、或下法、或消法。若停食则偏重在理气，只有调理气机兼以消导，吐法和下法是不可用的。大抵伤食应当分上、中、下三焦论治，而停食则专在胃脘部位。
Shangshi (Food Injury) refers to the condition where excessive food intake, doubling the normal amount, damages the intestines and stomach. Treatment should be differentiated according to the location of the pathology in the Upper, Middle, or Lower Jiao (Triple Burner): for pathology in the Upper Jiao, induce vomiting; for the Middle Jiao, use digestion-promoting methods; for the Lower Jiao, use purgative methods.
Luo Taiwu stated: Generally, regarding the mechanism of internal injury, if the injury is slight, reducing food intake for one or two days allows the damaged food to digest naturally, which is an excellent method. If the injury is slightly severe, use medication to internally dissolve it. If the injury is too severe, use medication to purge it downwards.
Gua Di San (Melon Stalk Powder): For retained food lodged in the Upper Wan (Upper Stomach), use this formula to induce vomiting. This corresponds to the principle that "for pathology in the upper region, facilitate its expulsion upwards."
Ingredients: Gua Di (Thunberg Melon Seed, stir-fried) Chi Xiao Dou (Red Bean, boiled), equal parts.
Grind the above ingredients into a fine powder. Boil Xiang Chi (Prepared Soybean) in seven he of water to extract the juice, mix with the powder, and administer one cun bi (a measure equivalent to a teaspoon) per dose.
Another method: Mix with warm Jiang Shui (fermented rice liquid) and administer one qian bi (a small spoonful measure). Induce vomiting until relief is achieved. The Classic says: "If there is pulse at the upper part but no pulse at the lower part, the person should vomit. If they do not vomit, it is because food is blocked in the upper region, cutting off the pulse qi in the lower region." Why? The root of Yang Fire originates from below ground; the source of Yin Water comes from above heaven. Food blocking the upper region cuts off the source of the Five Zang Organs. When the source is cut off, fluids cannot flow downward, resulting in the absence of pulse at both Chi positions (radial artery position corresponding to Kidneys/Lower Jiao). Vomiting removes the stagnation in the Upper Jiao, and the pulse naturally unblocks. If vomiting cannot occur, it is not merely a food disease, but indicates the prior extraction of the root of vitality, leading to death. Alternatively, use three sheng of Yin Yang Shui (water mixed from cold and hot sources) to boil one sheng of Bai Yan (White Salt) until dissolved. Divide into three doses. Stimulate vomiting to expel the ingested food, and recovery will follow. From *Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold).
Hong Wan Zi (Red Pill): Strengthens the Spleen and Stomach, eliminates retained food, and removes distension.
Ingredients: Jing San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma), Peng Ze (Curcumae Rhizoma), Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, white membrane removed), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white membrane removed), each five jin; Pao Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Hu Jiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), each three jin.
Grind the above into powder. Mix with vinegar and flour to form pills the size of Sophora seeds (Wu Zi). Coat with Fan Hong (Alum Red). Administer thirty pills per dose after meals, washed down with Ginger Decoction. *Yi Jian Fang* contains a formula using A Wei (Ferulae Resina) to treat food accumulation forming masses.
Boil Zi Su (Perillae Folium) in concentrated decoction, add Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) paste. Ingestion disperses the accumulation.
For treating indigestion of dog meat, presenting with hardness under the heart, abdominal distension, dry mouth with extreme thirst, mental agitation with fever, delirious speech, or watery diarrhea.
Take one sheng of Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), remove skin and tips, grind. Add three sheng of boiling water, mix and squeeze out the juice. Divide into three doses. Remove all original pieces of dog meat, or decoct Lu Gen (Phragmitis Rhizoma) and drink it to aid digestion.
*Qian Jin* Formula for Treating Undigested Food
Take other remaining types of food, burn them into powder, administer with wine using a fang cun bi (square-inch spoonful) measure. Vomiting up the retained food leads to cure.
Commentary: When food stagnates in the Zhong Wan (Middle Epigastrium), although medicinal power assists in digestion, the agent mobilizing this medicinal power is Wei Qi (Stomach Qi). Therefore, in cases where repeated use of food-digesting and Qi-moving drugs fails to resolve the stagnation, I subsequently add one or two qian of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) to the previously used formulas, achieving miraculous results. Students must understand this.
Bei Ji Fang (Emergency Preparedness Formula): Treats sudden, stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen caused by overconsumption of cold foods/drinks.
Ingredients: Chuan Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, powdered), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, powdered), Ba Dou (Crotonis Fructus, skin and heart removed, ground, oil removed to use as residue/frost).
Mix equal parts of the above, grind uniformly. Form pills with refined honey, size of Vicia seeds. Administer one pill with warm water. For excess conditions, add one more pill. Another version states: Administer three pills per dose. If ineffective, take three more. When abdominal borborygmus occurs, vomiting or purging will lead to recovery.
Dong Yuan Dao Zhi Wan (Dong Yuan's Guide-Stagnation Pill): Treats damage from damp-heat substances that fail to transform immediately, resulting in fullness, oppression, restlessness, and constipation.
Ingredients: Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Fu Ling (Poria), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), each three qian; Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), two qian; Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Shen Qu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), each half liang; Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma).
Grind into powder. Soak in decoction, steam with leavened bread dough to form pills. Take fifty pills after meals, washed down with boiling water.
He Nian stated: Shangshi (Food Injury) and Ting Shi (Food Retention) should be distinguished into two categories. Shangshi refers to doubling food intake, damaging the intestines and stomach, where the pathology lies in the inability to digest in time. Ting Shi, regardless of quantity, occurs when one eats while angry or sick, causing Qi knotting and failure to transform. Treatment for Shangshi should focus primarily on resolving food, using vomiting, purging, or digestion-promoting methods. For Ting Shi, the focus should be on regulating Qi, combining it with digestion; vomiting and purging methods are contraindicated. Generally, Shangshi should be treated by differentiating the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao, whereas Ting Shi is specifically located in the Stomach Wan (Epigastrium).