（主乎温散。）
有卒中天地之寒气，有口伤生冷之物。
戴云∶此伤寒，谓身受肃杀之气，口食冰水瓜果冷物之类。病者，必脉沉细、手足冷、息微、身倦，虽身
热亦不渴，倦言语。或遇热病，误用此法，轻者至重，重者至死。凡脉数者、或饮水者、或烦躁动摇者、皆是
热病。寒热二证，若水火也，不可得而同治，误即杀人。学人慎之。
伤寒，必须身犯寒气，口食寒物者，从补中益气汤中加发散药。属内伤者，十居八九。其法∶邪之所凑，
其气必虚，只用补中益气汤中，从所见之证，出入加减。气虚热甚者，少用附子，以行参 之剂。如果气虚
者，方可用此法。以上伤寒治法，可用于南方，不宜北。
戴云∶暑乃夏月炎暑也，盛热之气着人也。有冒、有伤、
有中、三者有轻重之分，虚实之辩。或腹痛水泻者，胃与大肠受之；恶心者，胃口有痰饮也；此二者，冒暑也。
可用黄连香薷饮。盖黄连退暑热，香薷消蓄水。或身热头疼躁乱不宁者，或身如针刺者，此为热伤在分肉也。
当以解毒白虎汤加柴胡。气如虚者，加人参。或咳嗽发寒热、盗汗出不止、脉数者，热在肺经，用清肺汤、柴
胡天水散之类。急治则可，迟则不可治矣。或火乘金也，此为中暑。凡治病须要明白辨别，慎勿滚同施治。春
秋间亦或有之，切莫执一。随病处方为妙。
黄连香薷饮，挟痰加半夏，乘虚加人参、黄 ，或清暑益气汤加减用之。
（治疗原则以温散为主。）
有的因突然遭受天地间的寒气侵袭，有的因口食生冷食物所致。
戴元礼说：这里的“伤寒”，是指身体受到肃杀寒气的侵袭，以及口中食用冰水、瓜果等冷物。患病者，必然出现脉象沉细、手足冰冷、呼吸微弱、身体疲倦的症状，即使身体发热也不口渴，精神倦怠少言。如果遇到热病，误用这种温散的方法，轻症会转为重症，重症会导致死亡。凡是脉象数急的、想喝水的、烦躁不安躁动的，都是热病的表现。寒证和热证，就像水和火一样，不能混同治疗，一旦误治就会危及生命。学习中医的人务必谨慎。
所谓的“伤寒”，必须是身体感受了寒气，又吃了寒凉食物的人，应当在补中益气汤中加入发散风寒的药物。属于内伤导致的，十有八九。其治疗方法是：邪气聚集的地方，正气必然虚弱，只使用补中益气汤，根据所见到的具体证候，进行加减变化。如果是气虚且发热严重的，少量加入附子，以推动人参等补气药剂的作用。只有确实是气虚的患者，才可以采用这种方法。以上关于伤寒的治疗方法，适用于南方地区，不适合北方。
戴元礼说：暑气是夏季炎热酷暑之气，附着于人体而致病。分为冒暑、伤暑、中暑三种情况，有轻重之分，也有虚实之别。如果出现腹痛、水样腹泻，是胃和大肠受邪；出现恶心，是胃口有痰饮停滞。这两种情况，属于冒暑。可以使用黄连香薷饮。因为黄连能退暑热，香薷能消除体内蓄积的水湿。如果身体发热、头痛、烦躁不宁，或者身体感觉像针刺一样疼痛，这是热邪伤害在分肉之间。应当使用解毒白虎汤加入柴胡。如果气虚，加入人参。如果出现咳嗽、发寒热、盗汗不止、脉象数急，这是热邪在肺经，使用清肺汤、柴胡天水散之类的方剂。及时救治还可以治愈，延误则无法治疗。或者是火邪乘袭肺金，这称为中暑。凡治病必须明白辨别，千万不要混淆施治。春秋季节也可能发生，切勿固执一端。根据病情开具处方才是妙法。
黄连香薷饮，如果挟带痰湿，加入半夏；如果乘虚而入，加入人参、黄芪；或者使用清暑益气汤加减应用。
(The treatment principle is primarily to warm and disperse.)
Some cases result from sudden exposure to the cold qi of heaven and earth, while others arise from consuming raw or cold foods orally.
Dai Yun [Dai Yuanli] stated: Here, "Shanghan" (Cold Damage) refers to the body being affected by the austere and killing cold qi, and the mouth ingesting ice water, melons, fruits, and other cold substances. Patients will necessarily present with a deep and fine pulse, cold hands and feet, weak respiration, and physical fatigue. Even if there is fever, there is no thirst, and speech is limited due to fatigue. If this method is mistakenly applied to heat diseases, mild cases may become severe, and severe cases may lead to death. Any case with a rapid pulse, desire for drinking water, or restlessness and agitation indicates a heat disease. Cold and heat syndromes are like water and fire; they cannot be treated identically. Misdiagnosis leads to death. Students must exercise caution.
True "Shanghan" (Cold Damage) occurs only when the body has been exposed to cold qi and cold foods have been ingested. In such cases, dispersing herbs should be added to Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Spleen-Boosting Qi-Regulating Decoction). Cases belonging to internal injury account for eight or nine out of ten. The method is as follows: Wherever pathogenic factors gather, the healthy qi must be deficient. One should use only Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Spleen-Boosting Qi-Regulating Decoction) and modify it according to the observed syndrome. If there is qi deficiency with severe fever, a small amount of Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root) should be used to facilitate the action of Ginseng-containing formulas. This method can only be used if there is indeed qi deficiency. The above Shanghan (Cold Damage) treatment methods are applicable in the South but not suitable for the North.
Dai Yun [Dai Yuanli] said: Shu (Summerheat) is the intense heat of summer that adheres to the human body. It is categorized into Mao Shu (Mild Summerheat), Shang Shu (Damaging Summerheat), and Zhong Shu (Stroke-like Summerheat), which differ in severity and distinction between excess and deficiency. Abdominal pain and watery diarrhea indicate involvement of the Stomach and Large Intestine; nausea indicates phlegm-fluid retention in the stomach region. These two conditions constitute Mao Shu (Mild Summerheat). Huanglian Xiangru Yin (Coptis and Elsholtzia Decoction) can be used. Coptis clears summerheat-heat, while Elsholtzia resolves accumulated water-dampness. Fever, headache, irritability, and restlessness, or a sensation of needle-pricks in the body, indicate heat damaging the muscle interspaces. Jiedu Baihu Tang (Detoxifying White Tiger Decoction) with Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) should be administered. If qi is deficient, Renshen (Ginseng Root) should be added. Cough, alternating chills and fever, unremitting night sweats, and a rapid pulse indicate heat in the Lung Meridian. Qingfei Tang (Lung-Clearing Decoction) or Chaihu Tianshui San (Bupleurum and Heavenly Water Powder) should be used. Timely treatment allows for cure; delay renders it incurable. If Fire pathogen attacks Metal (Lung), this is termed Zhong Shu (Stroke-like Summerheat). In treating diseases, one must clearly differentiate and avoid confusing treatments. It may also occur during spring and autumn; do not adhere rigidly to one pattern. Prescribing according to the specific disease is the best approach.
In Huanglian Xiangru Yin (Coptis and Elsholtzia Decoction), add Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) if phlegm is involved; add Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Huangqi (Astragalus Root) if attacking through deficiency; or use Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Summerheat-Clearing Qi-Boosting Decoction) with modifications.