黄帝问曰∶水谷入于口，输于肠胃，其液别为五。天寒衣薄则为溺与气，天暑衣浓
则为汗，悲哀气并则为泣，中热胃缓则为唾，邪气内逆，则气为之闭塞而不行，不行则
为水胀，不知其何由生？岐伯对曰∶水谷皆入于口，其味有五，分注其海，津液各走其道。
故上焦（一作三焦）出气以温肌肉充皮肤者为津，其留而不行者为液。天暑衣浓，则腠理
开，故汗出。寒留于分肉之间，聚沫则为痛。天寒则腠理闭，气涩不行，水下流于膀胱，则
为溺与气。五脏六腑，心为之主，耳为之听，目为之候，肺为之相，肝为之将，脾为之卫，
肾为之主外，故五脏六腑之津液，尽上渗于目。心悲气并则心系急，急则肺叶举，举则液
上溢。夫心系急，肺不能常举，乍上乍下，故咳而涎出矣。中热则胃中消谷，消谷则虫上下
作矣，肠胃充郭故胃缓，缓则气逆，故唾出矣。五谷之津液和合而为膏者，内渗入于骨空
，补益脑髓，而下流于阴股。阴阳不和，则使液溢而下流于阴，髓液皆减而下，下过度则虚
，虚则腰脊痛而 酸，阴阳气道不通，四海闭塞，三焦不泻，津液不化，水谷并于
肠胃之中，别于回肠，留于下焦，不得渗于膀胱，则下焦胀，水溢则为水胀。此津液五别之
顺逆也。
黄帝问曰∶愿闻其奇邪而不在经者，何也？岐伯对曰∶血络是也。曰∶刺血络而仆者，
何也？血出而射者，何也？血出黑而浊者，血出清而半为汁者，何也？发针而肿者，何也？血出
若多若少而面色苍苍然者，何也？发针而面色不变而烦闷者，何也？血出多而不动摇者，何也
？愿闻其故。曰∶脉气甚而血虚者，刺之则脱气，脱气则仆。血气俱盛而阴气多者，其血
滑，刺之则射。阳气积蓄久留不泻者，其血黑以浊，故不能射。新饮而液渗于络，而未和合
于血，故血出而汁别焉。其不新饮者，身中有水，久则为肿，阴气积于阳，其气因于络，故
刺之血未出而气先行，故肿。阴阳之气，其新相得而未和合，因而泻之，则阴阳俱脱，表里
相离，故脱色而苍苍然也。刺之不变而烦闷者，刺络而虚经，虚经之属于阴者，阴气脱，故
烦闷。阴阳相得而合为痹者，此为内溢于经，而外注于络，如是阴阳皆有余，虽多出血，弗
能虚也。
曰∶相之奈何？曰∶血脉盛坚横以赤，上下无常处，小者如针，大者如箸，刺而泻之万
全，故无失数；失数而返，各如其度。曰∶针入肉者，何也？曰∶热气因于针则热，热则
血着于针，故坚焉。
黄帝问道：饮食水谷进入口中，输送到肠胃，其中的津液分别化为五种。天气寒冷、衣着单薄时，就化为小便和气体；天气炎热、衣着厚实时，就化为汗液；悲哀时，气机郁结，就化为眼泪；体内有热且胃气弛缓时，就化为唾液；邪气在内逆行，就会导致气机闭塞不通，气机不通畅就会形成水胀病，不知道这是由什么原因产生的？
岐伯回答说：饮食水谷都从口进入，其味道分为五类，分别注入相应的脏腑之海，津液各自沿着各自的通道运行。所以上焦（一说为三焦）发出的气，用来温煦肌肉、充实皮肤的就是“津”；那些停留而不流动的就叫作“液”。天气炎热、衣着厚实，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）就会张开，所以出汗。寒气停留在分肉（肌肉间隙）之间，凝聚成沫就会引起疼痛。天气寒冷时，腠理闭合，气机涩滞不通，水液向下流入膀胱，就化为小便和气体。五脏六腑中，心是主宰，耳是听觉器官，目是观察外界的门候，肺是宰相，肝是将帅，脾是卫护者，肾主司体表功能。因此，五脏六腑的津液，都会向上渗透于眼睛。心中悲伤导致气机郁结，使心系（连接心脏的组织）拘急，拘急则牵引肺叶上举，肺叶上举则津液上溢。因为心系拘急，肺不能经常保持上举的状态，忽上忽下，所以出现咳嗽并流出涎沫。体内有热则胃中消化食物过快，消化过快则肠道内的虫体上下活动，肠胃充盈扩张导致胃壁弛缓，胃缓则气机上逆，所以吐出唾液。五谷的津液调和结合成为膏脂样的物质，向内渗入骨空，补益脑髓，并向下流注于大腿内侧。如果阴阳不和，就会导致津液外溢并向下流注于阴部，骨髓和体液都减少并下行，如果下行过度就会造成虚损，虚损则腰脊疼痛且酸软，阴阳气道不通畅，四海（指髓海、血海、气海、水谷之海）闭塞，三焦（通行元气和水液的通道）不能正常排泄，津液不能正常化生，水谷混杂在肠胃之中，别出于回肠，滞留于下焦，不能渗入膀胱，就会导致下焦胀满，水液外溢就形成水胀病。这就是津液五种变化的顺逆规律。
黄帝问道：我想听听那些奇邪之气不在经脉中的情况，是怎么回事？岐伯回答说：是在血络中。黄帝又问：针刺血络后使人昏倒的，是什么原因？出血呈喷射状的，是什么原因？出血颜色黑而浑浊的，是什么原因？出血清稀且半为汁液的，是什么原因？出针后局部肿胀的，是什么原因？出血量或多或少但面色青苍的，是什么原因？出针后面色没有改变却感到烦闷的，是什么原因？出血很多但身体没有动摇的，是什么原因？我想了解这些原因。
岐伯回答说：脉气旺盛而血液亏虚的人，针刺会导致气脱，气脱就会昏倒。气血都旺盛且阴气较多的人，其血液滑利，针刺后血液会喷射而出。阳气积蓄已久，留滞不泄的人，其血液黑而浑浊，所以不能喷射。刚喝完水，水液渗入络脉，尚未与血液调和，所以血液流出时汁液分离。如果不是刚喝水，而是体内有水湿停滞，时间久了就会形成肿胀。阴气积聚于阳分，气机阻滞于络脉，所以针刺时血还未流出而气先运行，导致肿胀。阴阳之气刚刚相合但尚未调和，此时若进行泻法，会导致阴阳俱脱，表里分离，所以出现面色苍白青苍。刺后面色不变却感到烦闷的，是因为刺络脉损伤了经气，经气虚弱，属于阴分的经气耗脱，所以感到烦闷。阴阳之气相合而成为痹证的情况，这是因为邪气内溢于经脉，外注于络脉，这样阴阳都有余邪，即使放出很多血，也不能使正气变虚。
黄帝问：如何诊察呢？岐伯说：看血脉是否盛实坚硬、横突且发红，位置上下无常，小的如针尖，大的如筷子，对此进行针刺泻邪可保万全，所以不要失误；如果失误，病情会按照原来的程度复发。黄帝问：针刺入肉中（导致疼痛或不适），是什么原因？岐伯说：热气附着在针上则产生热感，热则血液黏着在针上，所以感觉坚硬。
Huangdi asked: Food and drink enter the mouth, are transported to the stomach and intestines, and their fluids are differentiated into five types. When it is cold and clothing is thin, they become urine and qi; when it is hot and clothing is thick, they become sweat; when grieving, qi merges, and they become tears; when there is internal heat and the stomach is relaxed, they become saliva; when pathogenic factors reverse internally, qi becomes blocked and fails to circulate, leading to water distension. I do not know how this arises?
Qibo replied: Food and drink all enter through the mouth, their flavors divide into five categories, and are distributed to the respective seas of the zang-fu organs. The jinye (body fluids) each travel along their own pathways. Therefore, the qi emitted by the Shangjiao (Upper Jiao) that warms the muscles and fills the skin is called Jin (thin fluid); that which remains and does not circulate is called Ye (thick fluid). When it is hot and clothing is thick, the couli (pores and interstices) open, so sweat is produced. When cold lingers between the fenrou (muscle intervals), condensed foam causes pain. When it is cold, the couli close, qi flow becomes sluggish, water flows down to the bladder, and thus urine and gas are formed. Among the zang-fu organs, the Heart is the master, the ears are for hearing, the eyes are for observation, the Lungs are the prime minister, the Liver is the general, the Spleen is the guard, and the Kidneys govern the exterior. Thus, the jinye of the zang-fu organs all seep upward into the eyes. When the heart grieves, qi merges, causing the xinxin (heart connection/tissue) to contract; contraction lifts the lung leaves, lifting causes fluid to overflow upwards. Because the xinxin contracts and the lungs cannot remain lifted constantly, moving up and down intermittently, coughing and salivation occur. Internal heat causes rapid digestion of food in the stomach; rapid digestion causes worms to move up and down in the intestines, filling and expanding the gut, leading to gastric relaxation; relaxation causes qi to rebel upwards, resulting in spitting saliva. The jinye of the five grains combine to form a paste-like substance, which infiltrates inward into the bone cavities, nourishes the brain marrow, and flows downward into the inner thighs. If yin and yang are disharmonious, fluid overflows and flows downward into the yin regions; marrow and body fluids decrease and flow downward. Excessive downward flow leads to deficiency; deficiency causes pain and soreness in the lower back and spine. If the qi pathways of yin and yang are blocked, the Four Seas are closed, the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) fails to drain, and jinye fail to transform, water and grain mix in the stomach and intestines, separate at the ileum, stagnate in the Lower Jiao, and fail to permeate into the bladder, causing Lower Jiao distension. Overflowing water results in water distension. This describes the normal and abnormal patterns of the five differentiations of jinye.
Huangdi asked: I wish to hear about those odd pathogens that are not in the meridians. What is the cause? Qibo replied: They are in the blood collaterals. Huangdi asked: Why does pricking blood collaterals cause fainting? Why does blood shoot out? Why is blood dark and turbid? Why is blood clear and half liquid? Why is there swelling after needle removal? Why does the face turn pale blue regardless of whether bleeding is much or little? Why is there no change in facial color but feeling of vexation after needle removal? Why is there abundant bleeding without physical trembling? I wish to understand the reasons.
Qibo replied: In cases where pulse qi is excessive but blood is deficient, pricking causes qi depletion; qi depletion leads to fainting. In cases where both qi and blood are abundant and yin qi is predominant, the blood is slippery, and pricking causes it to shoot out. When yang qi accumulates and stays long without being discharged, the blood becomes dark and turbid, hence it cannot shoot. After new drinking, fluid渗 (seeps) into the collaterals but has not yet harmonized with blood, so when blood comes out, the juice separates. If one has not drunk recently but has water retention in the body, prolonged stagnation leads to swelling. When yin qi accumulates in the yang aspect, qi becomes obstructed in the collaterals; thus, upon pricking, qi moves before blood exits, causing swelling. When yin and yang qi have just met but not yet harmonized, applying draining methods causes both yin and yang to deplete, separating interior and exterior, leading to loss of complexion and a pale blue appearance. Pricking without color change but with vexation occurs because pricking collaterals empties the meridians; emptying meridians belonging to yin causes yin qi to deplete, leading to vexation. When yin and yang qi combine to form Bi syndrome (obstruction), this means evil qi overflows into the meridians externally and injects into the collaterals; thus, both yin and yang have excess. Even with abundant bleeding, deficiency cannot be achieved.
Huangdi asked: How should one examine them? Qibo said: Observe if the blood vessels are full, hard, transverse, and red, with positions varying up and down, small as needles, large as chopsticks. Pricking and draining them ensures safety; do not lose the correct count. Losing the count returns the condition to its original degree. Huangdi asked: Why does the needle feel stuck in the flesh? Qibo said: Heat adheres to the needle, creating heat; heat causes blood to adhere to the needle, making it feel hard.