足太阳之筋起于足小指上，结于踝，斜上结于膝。其下者，从足外侧，结于踵，上循跟
结
别入结于舌本。其直者，结于枕骨，上头下额（一作颜），结于鼻。其支者，为目上纲，下结
于鼽（《灵枢》作 字）。其下支者，从腋后外廉，结于肩 。其支者，入腋下，出
缺盆，上结于完骨。其支者，出缺盆，斜上入于鼽。其病小指支踵跟痛（一作小指支踵痛）
，挛急，脊反折，项筋急，肩不举，腋支缺盆中纽痛，不可左右摇。治在燔针劫刺，以知
为数，以痛为 ，名曰仲春痹。
足少阳之筋，起于小指次指之上，结于外踝，上循 外廉，结于膝外廉。其支者，
别起于外辅骨，上走髀，前者结于伏兔，后者结于尻。其直者，上乘 季胁，上
走腋前廉，系于膺乳，结于缺盆。直者，上出腋贯缺盆，出太阳之前，循耳后，上额角，交
巅上，下走颔，上结于鼽。其支者，结于目外 为外维。其病小指次指支转筋，引膝外转
筋，膝不可屈伸， 筋急，前引髀，后引尻，上乘 季胁痛，上引缺盆膺乳颈，
维筋急，从左之右，右目不开，上过右角，并跷脉而行，左络于右，故伤左角，右足不用，
命曰维筋相交。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟春痹。
足阳明之筋，起于中三指，结于跗上，斜外上加于辅骨，上结于膝外廉，直上结于髀枢
，上循胁属脊。其直者，上循 ，结于膝。其支者，结于外辅骨，合少阳。其直者，
上循伏兔，上结于髀，聚于阴器，上腹而布，至缺盆而结，上颈上侠口，合于鼽，下结于
鼻，上合于太阳。太阳为目上纲，阳明为目下纲。其支者，从颊结于耳前。其病足中指支胫
转筋，脚跳坚，伏兔转筋，髀前肿， 疝，腹筋乃急，引缺盆及颊，卒口僻，急者目不合，
热则筋弛纵缓不胜，目不开。颊筋有寒则急引颊移口，有热则筋弛纵不胜收，故僻。治之于
马膏，膏其急者，以白酒和桂涂其缓者，以桑钩钩之，即以生桑灰置之坎中，高下与坐等，
以膏熨急颊，且饮美酒，啖炙肉，不饮酒者，自强也，为之三拊而已。治在燔针劫刺，以知
为数，以痛为输。名曰季春痹。
足太阴之筋，起于大指之端内侧，上结于内踝。其直者，上络于膝内辅骨。上循阴股，
结于髀，聚于阴器，上腹结于脐，循腹里，结于胁，散于胸中。其内者，着于脊。其病足大
指支内踝痛，转筋，内辅骨痛，阴股引髀而痛，阴器纽痛，上脐两胁痛，膺中脊内痛。治
在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟秋痹。
足少阴之筋，起于小指之下，入足心，并足太阴而斜走内踝之下，结于踝踵，则与足太
阳之
骨，与足太阳之筋合。其病足下转筋，及所过而结者皆痛及转筋。病在此者主痫 及 ，
病在外者不能俯，在内者不能仰。故阳病者腰反折不能俯，阴病者不能仰。治在燔
针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，在内者熨引饮药。此筋折纽，纽发数甚者死不治，名曰仲
秋痹。
足厥阴之筋，起于大指之上，结于内踝之前，上循冲 ，上结内辅之下，上循阴股
，结于阴器，络诸经（一作筋）其病足大指支内踝之前痛，内辅痛，阴股痛，转筋，阴器不用
，伤于内则不起，伤于寒则阴缩入，伤于热则纵挺不收。治在行水清阴器。其病转筋者，治
在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰季秋痹。
手太阳之筋，起于小指之上，结于腕，上循臂内廉，结于肘内兑骨之后，弹之应小指之
上，入结于腋下。其支者，从腋走后廉，上绕 外廉，上肩胛，循颈出足太阳之筋前，结于
耳后完骨。其支者，入耳中。直者，出耳上，下结于颔上，属目外 。其病小指支及肘内兑
骨后廉痛，循臂阴，入腋下，腋下痛，腋后廉痛，绕肩胛引颈而痛，应耳中鸣痛，引颔
目
输，其为肿者复而兑之，名曰仲夏痹。（原本复而兑之下有“本支者，上曲牙，循耳前
，属目外 ，上颔，结于角，其痛当所过者支转筋，治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛
为输”段）。
手少阳之筋，起于小指次指之端，结于腕，上循臂，结于肘，上绕 外廉，上肩走
颈，合手太阳。其支者，上当曲颊入系于舌本。其支者，上曲牙，循耳前，属目外 ，上乘
颔，结于角。其病当所过者，即支转筋，舌卷。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰
季夏痹。
手阳明之筋，起于大指次指之端，结于腕，上循臂，上结于肘，上绕 结于
。其支者，绕肩胛，侠脊。其直者，从肩 上颈。其支者，上颊，结于鼽。其直者，上出
手太阳之前，上左角，络头，下右颔。其病当所过者，支（一本下有痛字及字）转筋痛，肩不
举，颈不可左右视。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟夏痹。
手太阴之筋，起于大指之上，循指上行，结于鱼际后，行寸口外侧，上循臂，结肘中，
上内廉，入腋下，上出缺盆，结肩前 ，上结缺盆，下结于胸里，散贯贲，合胁
下抵季肋。其病当所过者，支转筋痛，甚成息贲者，胁急吐血。治在燔针劫刺，以知为数
，以痛为输，名曰仲冬痹。
手心主之筋，起于中指，与太阴之经并行，结于肘内廉，上臂阴，结腋下，下散前后侠
胁。其支者，入腋散胸中，结于臂。其病当所过者，支转筋痛，及胸痛息贲。治在
燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟冬痹。
手少阴之筋，起于小指之内侧，结于兑骨，上结肘内廉，上入腋，交太阴，挟乳里，
结于胸中，循贲下系于脐。其病内急，心承伏梁下为肘纲。其病当所过者，支转筋痛。治
在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，其成伏梁吐脓血者，死不治。凡经筋之病，寒则反折筋
急，热则筋纵缓不收，阴痿不用，阳急则反折，阴急则俯不伸。淬刺者刺寒急也，热则筋
纵不收，无用燔针劫刺。名曰季冬痹。
足之阳明，手之太阳，筋急则口目为之僻，目 急不能卒视，治此皆如右方也。
足太阳经筋起始于足小趾上方，结聚于踝部，斜向上结聚于膝部。其下行的一支，从足外侧，结聚于脚跟，沿跟骨上行，另有一支进入并结聚于舌根。其直行的一支，结聚于枕骨，上头至额部（另一版本作“颜”），结聚于鼻部。其分支，构成眼睑的上缘，向下结聚于鼻窍（《灵枢》中作某字）。其下行的分支，从腋后外侧，结聚于肩部。其另一分支，进入腋下，出于缺盆，上结于完骨。其又一支，出于缺盆，斜向上进入鼻窍。该经筋发病时，可见小趾及脚跟疼痛（另一版本为小趾及脚跟痛），拘挛急迫，脊柱反折，项部筋脉拘急，肩部不能抬起，腋下及缺盆处牵拉样疼痛，身体不可左右转动。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为施治部位，病名叫做仲春痹。
足少阳经筋，起始于足第四趾上方，结聚于外踝，沿小腿外侧上行，结聚于膝外侧。其分支，别起于腓骨外侧，向上走行至大腿，前侧结聚于伏兔穴处，后侧结聚于尾骶部。其直行的一支，上乘季胁，向上走行至腋前外侧，联系于胸膺和乳房，结聚于缺盆。直行的一支，上出腋下贯穿缺盆，出于足太阳经筋之前，沿耳后上行至额角，交会于头顶，向下走至下颌，向上结聚于鼻窍。其分支，结聚于目外眦，称为“外维”。该经筋发病时，可见第四趾牵引性转筋，牵连膝外侧转筋，膝关节不可屈伸，腘窝筋脉拘急，向前牵引大腿，向后牵引尾骶，上乘季胁疼痛，向上牵引缺盆、胸膺、乳房及颈部，外维筋脉拘急，若左侧受伤影响右侧，则右眼无法睁开，病气上过右额角，并与跷脉并行，左侧络脉联络右侧，所以损伤左额角，导致右足不能使用，病名叫做维筋相交。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做孟春痹。
足阳明经筋，起始于中三趾，结聚于足背上方，斜向外上方加于辅骨（腓骨），上结聚于膝外侧，直行向上结聚于髋关节枢纽，沿胁肋上行连属于脊柱。其直行的一支，沿腹部上行，结聚于膝部。其分支，结聚于外辅骨，与足少阳经筋相合。其直行的一支，沿伏兔上行，上结聚于大腿，汇聚于阴器，向上散布于腹部，至缺盆而结聚，上颈至口旁，会合于鼻窍，向下结聚于鼻部，向上会合于足太阳经筋。足太阳经筋为目上纲，足阳明经筋为目下纲。其分支，从颊部结聚于耳前。该经筋发病时，可见足中指牵引小腿转筋，脚部跳动坚硬，伏兔处转筋，大腿前部肿胀，疝气，腹部筋脉拘急，牵引缺盆及颊部，突然口眼歪斜，拘急者眼睛不能闭合，热邪致筋脉弛缓松弛无力，眼睛不能睁开。颊部筋脉受寒则拘急牵引颊部使口歪斜，受热则筋脉弛缓松弛无力，故发生口歪。治疗用马膏，涂敷于拘急的一侧，用白酒调和桂枝涂敷于弛缓的一侧，用桑木钩牵引矫正，随即在坑中生火，坑深高低与坐姿相等，用马膏熨烫拘急的颊部，同时饮用美酒，吃烤肉，不饮酒的人也要勉强自己这样做，进行三次抚摩即可。治疗也采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位。病名叫做季春痹。
足太阴经筋，起始于大脚趾内侧端，向上结聚于内踝。其直行的一支，向上联络于膝内侧辅骨。沿大腿内侧上行，结聚于大腿，汇聚于阴器，向上至腹部结聚于脐部，沿腹里上行，结聚于胁肋，散在于胸中。其内部的一支，附着于脊柱。该经筋发病时，可见大脚趾牵引内踝疼痛，转筋，膝内侧辅骨疼痛，大腿内侧牵引大腿疼痛，阴器牵拉疼痛，向上至脐部和两胁疼痛，胸膺中和脊柱内部疼痛。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做孟秋痹。
足少阴经筋，起始于小趾下方，入足心，并足太阴经筋斜行走向内踝下方，结聚于踝跟处，则与足太阳经筋的骨骼部分，与足太阳经筋相合。该经筋发病时，可见足底转筋，以及所经过和结聚的部位都疼痛且转筋。病在内侧的，主要患癫痫和抽搐；病在外侧的，不能俯身；病在内侧的，不能仰身。所以阳经筋病者腰脊反折不能俯身，阴经筋病者不能仰身。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病在内侧的用热敷牵引并服药。此经筋发生扭转，扭转发作频繁严重的，死亡且难以治愈，病名叫做仲秋痹。
足厥阴经筋，起始于大脚趾上方，结聚于内踝前方，沿冲脉上行，上结聚于膝内侧辅骨下方，沿大腿内侧上行，结聚于阴器，联络各条经筋（另一版本作“筋”）。该经筋发病时，可见大脚趾牵引内踝前方疼痛，膝内侧辅骨疼痛，大腿内侧疼痛，转筋，阴器功能丧失，伤于内热则阴茎不能勃起，伤于寒邪则阴茎收缩入腹，伤于热邪则纵挺不收。治疗宜通利小便，清洁阴器。其发病出现转筋的，治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做季秋痹。
手太阳经筋，起始于小指上方，结聚于腕部，沿手臂内侧上行，结聚于肘内侧锐骨之后，弹击此处反应可传至小指上方，进入结聚于腋下。其分支，从腋后走至肩后外侧，向上绕过肩胛外侧，上至肩胛，沿颈部出于足太阳经筋之前，结聚于耳后完骨。其分支，进入耳中。直行的一支，出于耳上，向下结聚于下颌上方，连属于目外眦。该经筋发病时，可见小指牵引及肘内侧锐骨后方疼痛，沿手臂内侧，入腋下，腋下疼痛，腋后侧疼痛，绕肩胛牵引颈部疼痛，应及耳中鸣响疼痛，牵引下颌及目外眦穴位，如果发生肿胀，反复按压锐骨处，病名叫做仲夏痹。（原本在“复而兑之”下有“本支者，上曲牙，循耳前，属目外眦，上颔，结于角，其痛当所过者支转筋，治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输”一段文字）。
手少阳经筋，起始于无名指端，结聚于腕部，沿手臂上行，结聚于肘部，向上绕过肩外侧，上肩走颈，与手太阳经筋相合。其分支，上部正当曲颊处进入并系于舌根。其分支，上至曲牙穴，沿耳前，连属于目外眦，上乘下颌，结聚于额角。该经筋发病时，在其所经过的部位，即出现牵引性转筋，舌体卷缩。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做季夏痹。
手阳明经筋，起始于食指端，结聚于腕部，沿手臂上行，上结聚于肘部，向上绕过肩部结聚于颈部。其分支，绕肩胛，夹脊柱。其直行的一支，从肩上至颈部。其分支，上至颊部，结聚于鼻窍。其直行的一支，上出于手太阳经筋之前，上至左额角，络头部，下至右下颌。该经筋发病时，在其所经过的部位，出现牵引性转筋疼痛，肩部不能抬起，颈部不可左右转动。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做孟夏痹。
手太阴经筋，起始于大拇指上方，沿手指上行，结聚于鱼际后，行于寸口外侧，沿手臂上行，结聚于肘中，沿臂内侧上行，入腋下，上出缺盆，结聚于肩前臑中，上结聚于缺盆，下结聚于胸里，散贯横膈，会合于胁肋下抵季肋。该经筋发病时，在其所经过的部位，出现牵引性转筋疼痛，严重时形成息贲病，胁肋拘急吐血。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做仲冬痹。
手厥阴心包经筋，起始于中指，与手太阴经筋并行，结聚于肘内侧，沿臂内侧上行，结聚于腋下，向下散在于前后夹胁肋。其分支，入腋下散于胸中，结聚于膻中。该经筋发病时，在其所经过的部位，出现牵引性转筋疼痛，以及胸痛息贲。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，病名叫做孟冬痹。
手少阴经筋，起始于小指内侧，结聚于锐骨，上结聚于肘内侧，上入腋下，交于手太阴经，夹乳内，结聚于胸中，沿横膈下系于脐部。该经筋发病时，内侧拘急，心脏支撑伏梁之下成为肘纲。该经筋发病时，在其所经过的部位，出现牵引性转筋疼痛。治疗采用燔针劫刺法，以病情见效为次数标准，以痛点作为穴位，如果形成伏梁病并吐脓血的，死亡且难以治愈。凡是经筋的病，受寒则反折筋脉拘急，受热则筋脉弛缓松弛不收，阳痿不用，阳经筋拘急则身体反折，阴经筋拘急则俯身不能伸展。淬刺法适用于刺治寒邪引起的筋脉拘急，热邪导致筋脉弛缓不收，不要用燔针劫刺。病名叫做季冬痹。
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyang originates from the dorsum of the little toe, binds at the ankle, and obliquely ascends to bind at the knee. Its descending branch arises from the lateral aspect of the foot, binds at the calcaneus (heel), ascends along the Achilles tendon, and another branch enters to bind at the root of the tongue. Its straight branch binds at the occiput, ascends to the head, descends to the forehead (another version reads "face"), and binds at the nose. Its collateral branch constitutes the upper eyelid margin, descending to bind at the nasal cavity (in *Ling Shu*, written as a specific character). Its lower collateral branch arises from the posterior-lateral aspect of the axilla, binding at the shoulder. Another branch enters the axilla, emerges from the Clavicular fossa (Quepen), and ascends to bind at the Occipital bone (Wangu). Another branch emerges from the Clavicular fossa, obliquely ascends into the nasal cavity. Pathological manifestations include pain in the little toe and heel (another version: pain in the little toe and heel), spasms, opisthotonos (spasm of the back muscles causing backward bending), stiffness of the neck tendons, inability to lift the shoulder, pulling pain in the axilla and Clavicular fossa, and immobility of the trunk. Treatment involves burning needle puncture (Fanzhen Jiesi), with the number of applications determined by when symptoms improve, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Zhongchun Bi (Mid-Spring Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyang originates from the dorsum of the fourth toe, binds at the lateral malleolus, and ascends along the lateral aspect of the leg to bind at the lateral knee. Its collateral branch arises separately from the lateral fibula, ascends to the thigh; the anterior part binds at the Futu area, and the posterior part binds at the sacrococcygeal region. Its straight branch ascends to the costal margin, moves up to the anterior-lateral aspect of the axilla, connects with the chest and breast, and binds at the Clavicular fossa. The straight branch emerges from the axilla, passes through the Clavicular fossa, emerges anterior to the Foot-Taiyang sinew channel, follows the ear posteriorly, ascends to the frontal angle, intersects at the vertex, descends to the mandible, and ascends to bind at the nasal cavity. Its collateral branch binds at the outer canthus, called "Outer Dimension" (Waiwei). Pathological manifestations include twitching and spasms leading from the fourth toe to the lateral knee, inability to flex or extend the knee, stiffness of the popliteal tendon, anterior traction to the thigh, posterior traction to the sacrum, pain at the costal margin, upward traction to the Clavicular fossa, chest, breast, and neck. Stiffness of the Outer Dimension tendon causes contralateral symptoms: injury on the left affects the right eye (right eye cannot open). The pathogenic qi ascends to the right frontal angle, runs parallel with the Yangqiao and Yinqiao vessels, and the left collateral network connects to the right. Thus, injury to the left frontal angle results in dysfunction of the right foot. This is named Weijin Xiangjiao (Crossed Connection of the Outer Dimension Tendon). Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Mengchun Bi (Early-Spring Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Foot-Yangming originates from the middle three toes, binds at the dorsum of the foot, obliquely ascends laterally to the fibula, binds at the lateral knee, ascends straight to the hip joint pivot, and ascends along the flanks to connect with the spine. Its straight branch ascends along the abdomen, binding at the knee. Its collateral branch binds at the lateral fibula, combining with the Foot-Shaoyang sinew channel. Its straight branch ascends along the Futu area, binds at the thigh, gathers at the genitalia, spreads over the abdomen, binds at the Clavicular fossa, ascends to the neck and beside the mouth, combines at the nasal cavity, binds downward at the nose, and ascends to combine with the Foot-Taiyang sinew channel. Foot-Taiyang forms the upper eyelid margin, while Foot-Yangming forms the lower eyelid margin. Its collateral branch arises from the cheek, binding at the preauricular area. Pathological manifestations include twitching and spasms leading from the middle toe to the calf, jumping hardness of the foot, spasms at Futu, swelling of the anterior thigh, hernia, abdominal tendon stiffness, traction to the Clavicular fossa and cheek, sudden facial deviation (Koupi). In stiff cases, the eyes cannot close; in heat cases, tendons become flaccid and weak, preventing eye opening. Cold in the cheek tendons causes stiffness and traction leading to facial deviation; heat causes flaccidity and weakness, also leading to deviation. Treatment uses horse fat plaster applied to the stiff side, and cinnamon mixed with white wine applied to the flaccid side. A mulberry wood hook is used for traction. Heat therapy is applied using a pit filled with live mulberry ash, depth equal to sitting height, warming the stiff cheek. The patient should drink fine wine and eat roasted meat (non-drinkers should force themselves). Three patting sessions are sufficient. Burning needle puncture is also used, targeting painful points. This condition is named Jichun Bi (Late-Spring Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Foot-Taiyin originates from the medial end of the great toe, ascending to bind at the medial malleolus. Its straight branch ascends to connect with the medial condyle of the tibia. It ascends along the medial thigh, binds at the thigh, gathers at the genitalia, ascends to the abdomen to bind at the umbilicus, travels within the abdomen, binds at the ribs, and scatters in the chest. Its internal branch attaches to the spine. Pathological manifestations include pain in the great toe and medial malleolus, spasms, pain at the medial tibial condyle, pain leading from the medial thigh to the thigh, pulling pain at the genitalia, upward pain at the umbilicus and hypochondrium, and pain in the chest and along the spine. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Mengqiu Bi (Early-Autumn Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Foot-Shaoyin originates below the little toe, enters the sole of the foot, runs alongside the Foot-Taiyin sinew channel obliquely to the inferior medial malleolus, and binds at the ankle-heel junction, merging with the bony structures and sinews of Foot-Taiyang. Pathological manifestations include plantar spasms and pain/spasms at all sites of passage and binding. Internal involvement primarily causes epilepsy and convulsions; external involvement prevents flexion; internal involvement prevents extension. Thus, Yang channel disease causes opisthotonos (inability to flex), and Yin channel disease causes inability to extend. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. For internal cases, moxibustion/heat therapy, traction, and herbal medicine are used. If the sinew undergoes severe twisting and frequent attacks, it is fatal and untreatable. This condition is named Zhongqiu Bi (Mid-Autumn Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Foot-Jueyin originates from the dorsum of the great toe, binds anterior to the medial malleolus, ascends along the Chong vessel, binds inferior to the medial tibial condyle, ascends along the medial thigh, binds at the genitalia, and networks with other sinew channels (another version reads "sinews"). Pathological manifestations include pain in the great toe and anterior medial malleolus, pain at the medial tibial condyle, medial thigh pain, spasms, dysfunction of the genitalia. Injury to internal heat causes impotence; injury to cold causes retraction of the penis; injury to heat causes flaccid protrusion without retraction. Treatment involves promoting urination and cleansing the genitalia. For spasms, treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Jiqiu Bi (Late-Autumn Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyang originates from the dorsum of the little finger, binds at the wrist, ascends along the medial arm, binds posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus (radial notch area), where stimulation responds in the little finger, and enters to bind in the axilla. Its collateral branch arises from the posterior axilla, runs along the posterior-lateral aspect of the arm, ascends around the lateral shoulder, reaches the scapula, follows the neck emerging anterior to the Foot-Taiyang sinew channel, and binds at the Occipital bone (Wangu) behind the ear. Its collateral branch enters the ear. The straight branch emerges above the ear, descends to bind superior to the mandible, and connects with the outer canthus. Pathological manifestations include pain in the little finger, elbow medial epicondyle posterior aspect, medial arm, axilla, posterior axilla, scapular region, neck, ear ringing/pain, and mandible. If swelling occurs, repeatedly press the radial notch area. This condition is named Zhongxia Bi (Mid-Summer Obstruction). (Original text includes an additional paragraph regarding a branch ascending to Quya, following the ear anteriorly, connecting to the outer canthus, ascending to the mandible, binding at the frontal angle, causing spasms at affected sites, treated with burning needle puncture at painful points).
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyang originates from the tip of the ring finger, binds at the wrist, ascends along the arm, binds at the elbow, ascends around the lateral shoulder, moves up the neck, and combines with Hand-Taiyang. Its collateral branch ascends to the angle of the jaw, entering to tie at the root of the tongue. Another collateral branch ascends to Quya, follows the ear anteriorly, connects with the outer canthus, ascends to the mandible, and binds at the frontal angle. Pathological manifestations include twitching and spasms at sites of passage, and tongue retraction. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Jixia Bi (Late-Summer Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Hand-Yangming originates from the tip of the index finger, binds at the wrist, ascends along the arm, binds at the elbow, ascends around the shoulder to bind at the neck. Its collateral branch winds around the scapula, flanking the spine. Its straight branch rises from the shoulder to the neck. Its collateral branch ascends to the cheek, binding at the nasal cavity. Its straight branch emerges anterior to Hand-Taiyang, ascends to the left frontal angle, networks the head, and descends to the right mandible. Pathological manifestations include twitching and pain at sites of passage, inability to lift the shoulder, and inability to turn the head left or right. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Mengxia Bi (Early-Summer Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Hand-Taiyin originates from the dorsum of the thumb, ascends along the finger, binds posterior to the Thenar eminence (Yuji), runs along the lateral aspect of the Cun Kou pulse, ascends along the arm, binds at the elbow, ascends along the medial arm, enters the axilla, emerges from the Clavicular fossa, binds at the anterior shoulder (Naoshu area), ascends to bind at the Clavicular fossa, descends to bind in the chest interior, scatters across the diaphragm, combines with the hypochondrium, and reaches the costal margin. Pathological manifestations include twitching and pain at sites of passage. Severe cases develop Xiben disease (accumulation in the chest/lung), with hypochondriac stiffness and hemoptysis. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Zhongdong Bi (Mid-Winter Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Hand-Jueyin (Pericardium) originates from the middle finger, running parallel with Hand-Taiyin, binds at the medial elbow, ascends along the medial arm, binds in the axilla, and descends to scatter anteriorly and posteriorly flanking the hypochondrium. Its collateral branch enters the axilla, scatters in the chest, and binds at the sternum (Danzhong). Pathological manifestations include twitching and pain at sites of passage, chest pain, and Xiben. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. This condition is named Mengdong Bi (Early-Winter Obstruction).
The sinew channel of Hand-Shaoyin originates from the medial side of the little finger, binds at the pisiform bone (Duigǔ), ascends to bind at the medial elbow, enters the axilla, crosses Hand-Taiyin, flanks the inner breast, binds in the chest, follows the diaphragm downward, and ties at the umbilicus. Pathological manifestations include internal stiffness, with Heart supporting Fu Liang (a subdiaphragmatic mass) below, forming the Elbow Cord. Twitching and pain occur at sites of passage. Treatment involves burning needle puncture, with the number of applications determined by symptom improvement, using the painful point as the acupoint. If Fu Liang develops with expectoration of pus and blood, it is fatal and untreatable. Generally, sinew channel diseases caused by cold result in opisthotonos and tendon stiffness; those caused by heat result in tendon flaccidity and laxity, impotence, and dysfunction. Yang stiffness causes opisthotonos; Yin stiffness prevents flexion. Burning needle puncture (Cui Ci) treats cold-induced stiffness. For heat-induced flaccidity, burning needles should not be used. This condition is named Jidong Bi (Late-Winter Obstruction).
For Hand-Yangming and Hand-Taiyang, tendon stiffness causes facial deviation (Koupi) and ocular stiffness preventing sudden vision. Treatment for these conditions follows the methods described above.