营气之道，内谷为宝。谷入于胃，气传之肺，流溢于中，布散于外。精专者行于经隧，
常营无已，终而复始，是谓天地之纪。故气从太阴出，循臂内上廉。注手阳明上行至面。注
足阳明下行至跗上，注大指间。与太阴合，上行抵脾，从脾注心中。循手少阴出腋下臂，注
小指之端。合手太阳上行乘腋，出 （一作项）内，注目内 ，上巅下项，合足太阳，循
脊下尻下行，注小指之端。循足心，注足少阴，上行注肾，从肾注心，外散于胸中。循心主
脉出腋下臂，入（一作出）两筋之间，入掌中，出手中指之端，还注小指次指之端。合手少阳
上行注膻中，散于三焦，从三焦注胆出胁。注足少阳下行至跗上，复从跗注大指间。合足厥
阴上行至肝，从肝上注鬲上，循喉咙入颃颡之窍，究于畜门（一作关）。其支别者，上额
循颠下项中，循脊入 （音氐），是督脉也。络阴器，上过毛中，入脐中，上循腹里，入缺盆，
下注肺中，复出太阴。此营气之行，逆顺之常也。
黄帝问曰∶人焉受气，阴阳焉会，何气为营，何气为卫，营安从生，卫安从会，老壮不
同气，阴阳异位，愿闻其会？岐伯对曰∶人受气于谷，谷入于胃，气传于肺，五脏六腑皆以受
气。其清者为营，浊者为卫，营行脉中，卫行脉外，营周不休，五十而复大会。阴阳相贯，
如环无端，卫气行于阴二十五度，行于阳亦二十五度，分为昼夜。故至阳而起，至阴而止。
故日中而阳陇（一作袭，下同）为重阳，夜半而阴陇为重阴。故太阴主内，太阳主外，各行二
十
衰，日入阳尽而阴受气。夜半而大会，万民皆卧，名曰合阴。平旦阴尽而阳受气。如是无
已，与天地同纪。
曰∶老人不夜瞑，少壮不夜寤者，何气使然？曰∶壮者之气血盛，其肌肉滑，气道利，
营卫之行不失其常，故昼精而夜瞑。老者之气血减，其肌肉枯，气道涩，五脏之气相搏，营
气衰少而卫气内伐，故昼不精而夜不得瞑。
曰∶愿闻营卫之所行，何道从始？曰∶营出于中焦，卫出于下焦。上焦出于胃口，并咽
以上贯膈而布胸中，走腋，循手太阴之分而行，还注手阳明，上至舌，下注足阳明，常与营
俱行于阴阳各二十五度为一周，故日夜五十周而复始，大会于手太阴。
曰∶人有热饮食下胃，其气未定，则汗出于面，或出于背，或出于身半，其不循卫气之
道而出何也？曰∶此外伤于风，内开腠理，毛蒸理泄，卫气走之，固不得循其道，此气悍
滑疾见开而出，故不得从其道，名曰漏泄。中焦亦并于胃口，出上焦之后，此所以受气，
泌糟粕，蒸津液，化其精微，上注于肺，乃化而为血，以奉生身，莫贵于此，故独得行于经
隧，命曰营。
曰∶血之与气，异名同类何也？曰∶营卫者精气也，血者神气也，故血之与气，
异名同类也。故夺血者无汗，夺汗者无血，故人有两死而无两生也。下焦者，别于回肠，
注于膀胱而渗入焉。故水谷者，常并居于胃中，成糟粕而俱下于大肠，而为下焦，渗而俱下
，渗泄别汁，循下焦而渗入膀胱也。
曰∶人饮酒，酒亦入胃，米未熟而小便独先下者何也？曰∶酒者熟谷之液也，其气悍
以滑（一作清），故后谷而入，先谷而液出也。故曰上焦如雾，中焦如沤，下焦如渎，此之谓
也。
营气的运行规律，以摄入水谷精微为根本。食物进入胃中，其精气传送到肺，流布于体内，散布于体表。其中精纯专一的部分在经脉中运行，不断循环，终而复始，这被称为天地运行的纲纪。所以营气从手太阴肺经出发，沿手臂内侧上行至桡侧边缘，注入手阳明大肠经，上行至面部；再注入足阳明胃经，下行至足背，注入大脚趾间，与手太阴肺经相合，上行抵达脾脏，从脾脏注入心中；沿手少阴心经出于腋下臂部，注入小指末端；与手太阳小肠经相合，上行经过腋窝，出于项部内侧，注入目内眦，上行至头顶，下行至项部，与足太阳膀胱经相合，沿脊柱下行至尾骨，再下行注入小指末端；沿足心，注入足少阴肾经，上行注入肾脏，从肾脏注入心脏，向外散布于胸中；沿手厥阴心包经出于腋下臂部，进入两筋之间，进入手掌中，出于中指末端，回流注入无名指末端；与手少阳三焦经相合，上行注入膻中，散布于三焦，从三焦注入胆经，出于胁肋；注入足少阳胆经，下行至足背，再从足背注入大脚趾间；与足厥阴肝经相合，上行至肝脏，从肝脏向上穿过膈肌，沿喉咙进入鼻咽部的窍道，最终到达畜门（一说为关元）；其分支者，上行至额部，循头顶下行至项中，沿脊柱进入骶骨（音氐），这是督脉；联络阴器，向上经过阴毛处，进入脐中，向上沿腹部内侧，进入缺盆，向下注入肺中，再复出至手太阴肺经。这就是营气运行的顺逆常规。
黄帝问道：人从哪里接受气？阴阳在哪里交会？什么气叫营？什么气叫卫？营气从哪里产生？卫气从哪里汇聚？老人和壮年人的气不同，阴阳的位置也不同，希望听听它们交会的情况？岐伯回答说：人通过饮食接受气，食物进入胃中，精气传送到肺，五脏六腑都由此接受气。其中清轻的部分成为营气，重浊的部分成为卫气，营气行于脉管之中，卫气行于脉管之外，营气周流不息，每五十周次后重新大会。阴阳相互贯通，像圆环一样没有端点。卫气行于阴分二十五周次，行于阳分也是二十五周次，分别对应白天和黑夜。所以当到达阳分时开始活动，到达阴分时停止休息。因此中午时阳气隆盛称为重阳，半夜时阴气隆盛称为重阴。所以太阴主内守，太阳主外御，各运行二十五个周次后，日落时阳气尽而阴气受气。半夜时两者大会，百姓都入睡，这叫“合阴”。天亮时阴气尽而阳气受气。如此循环不止，与天地的纲纪相同。
问：老人晚上睡不着，年轻人晚上不醒着，是什么气造成的？答：壮年人气血旺盛，肌肉滑利，气道通畅，营卫的运行不失常态，所以白天精神饱满，晚上能安睡。老年人气血衰退，肌肉枯槁，气道涩滞，五脏之气相互搏结，营气衰少而卫气内扰，所以白天精神不振，晚上不能安睡。
问：希望听听营卫的运行，是从哪里开始的？答：营气产生于中焦，卫气产生于下焦。上焦出于胃口，并咽以上贯膈而布胸中，走腋，循手太阴之分而行，还注手阳明，上至舌，下注足阳明，常与营俱行于阴阳各二十五度为一周，故日夜五十周而复始，大会于手太阴。
问：人吃了热食，热气未定，汗出在脸上，或背上，或身体半侧，为什么不顺着卫气的道路而出呢？答：这是因为外感风邪，内开腠理，毛发蒸腾，纹理泄气，卫气随之而走，本来就不能遵循其道，这种气悍疾滑利，见到开口就出来，所以不能从其道，名叫漏泄。中焦也并位于胃口之后，出上焦之后，这是用来接受气的地方，泌出糟粕，蒸化津液，化生精微，向上注入肺中，进而化为血液，以供养身体，没有比这更宝贵的了，所以独自在经脉中运行，命名为营。
问：血和气，名称不同但同类，为什么呢？答：营卫是精气，血是神气，所以血和气，名称不同但同类。所以失血的人不能再发汗，大汗的人不能再放血，所以人有两种死法而没有两种活法。下焦，别于回肠，注入膀胱并渗入其中。所以水谷，常并居于胃中，变成糟粕一起下到大肠，而为下焦，渗泄别汁，循下焦而渗入膀胱。
问：人喝酒，酒也进入胃中，米还没消化完而小便先排出了，为什么呢？答：酒是熟谷的液体，它的气悍疾滑利，所以后入胃，先化为液排出。所以说上焦如雾，中焦如沤，下焦如渎，说的就是这个道理。
The pathway of Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) values the intake of grain. Grain enters the stomach, its qi is transmitted to the Lung, flows and overflows within, and spreads outward. The pure and concentrated part travels through the meridians, constantly circulating without cease, ending and beginning anew; this is called the norm of Heaven and Earth. Thus, the qi emerges from the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, follows the inner upper border of the arm, and injects into the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, ascending to the face. It then injects into the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, descending to the dorsum of the foot, and injects between the big toe. Merging with the Taiyin, it ascends to reach the Spleen, and from the Spleen injects into the Heart. Following the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, it exits the axilla and arm, injecting into the tip of the little finger. Merging with the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian, it ascends through the armpit, exits the medial neck, injects into the inner canthus of the eye, ascends to the vertex, descends to the nape, and merges with the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Following the spine down to the sacrum, it descends to inject into the tip of the little toe. Following the sole of the foot, it injects into the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, ascending to the Kidney, and from the Kidney injects into the Heart, spreading outward into the chest. Following the Pericardium Meridian, it exits the axilla and arm, enters between the two tendons, enters the palm, exits at the tip of the middle finger, and returns to inject into the tip of the ring finger. Merging with the Hand-Sanjiao Triple Energizer Meridian, it ascends to inject into the Danzhong (Chest Center), disperses into the Sanjiao, and from the Sanjiao injects into the Gallbladder, exiting the hypochondrium. Injecting into the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, it descends to the dorsum of the foot, and again from the dorsum injects between the big toe. Merging with the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian, it ascends to the Liver, and from the Liver ascends through the diaphragm, follows the throat, enters the orifice of the Xangsang (nasopharynx), and terminates at the Chumen (Livestock Gate). Its branch ascends to the forehead, follows the vertex down to the nape, follows the spine into the Didi (sacral region); this is the Du Mai (Governing Vessel). It connects with the genitalia, passes up through the pubic hair, enters the umbilicus, ascends along the interior of the abdomen, enters the Keyuan (Clavicular Fossa), descends to inject into the Lung, and re-emerges into the Taiyin. This is the normal course of Ying Qi circulation, following both reverse and forward directions.
Yellow Emperor asked: Where does man receive Qi? Where do Yin and Yang meet? What Qi is Ying? What Qi is Wei? From where does Ying arise? From where does Wei converge? The Qi of the old and the young differs, and Yin and Yang occupy different positions; I wish to hear about their convergence. Qibo replied: Man receives Qi from grain. Grain enters the stomach, its Qi is transmitted to the Lung, and all Zang and Fu organs receive Qi from it. The clear part becomes Ying Qi, and the turbid part becomes Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). Ying circulates within the vessels, while Wei circulates outside the vessels. Ying circulates endlessly, meeting again after fifty cycles. Yin and Yang interpenetrate like a circle without end. Wei Qi travels in the Yin twenty-five degrees (cycles) and in the Yang also twenty-five degrees, dividing day and night. Thus, it rises when reaching Yang and stops when reaching Yin. Therefore, at noon, Yang is abundant, called Heavy Yang; at midnight, Yin is abundant, called Heavy Yin. Taiyin governs the interior, and Taiyang governs the exterior, each traveling twenty-five degrees. At sunset, Yang ends and Yin receives Qi. At midnight, they meet in grand assembly, and all people lie down, named "He Yin" (Combining Yin). At dawn, Yin ends and Yang receives Qi. Without ceasing, this follows the norms of Heaven and Earth.
Question: Why do the elderly not sleep soundly at night, while the young do not stay awake at night? What Qi causes this? Answer: In vigorous people, Qi and Blood are abundant, muscles are smooth, airways are unobstructed, and the movement of Ying and Wei Qi remains normal. Thus, they are energetic during the day and sleep soundly at night. In the elderly, Qi and Blood decline, muscles become withered, airways become obstructed, and the Qi of the five Zang organs clashes. Ying Qi becomes deficient, and Wei Qi attacks internally. Thus, they lack energy during the day and cannot sleep at night.
Question: I wish to hear where Ying and Wei Qi begin their circulation. Answer: Ying Qi originates from the Middle Jiao, and Wei Qi originates from the Lower Jiao. The Upper Jiao emerges from the stomach opening, goes up through the pharynx, pierces the diaphragm, and distributes in the chest. It moves to the axilla, follows the division of the Hand-Taiyin, and returns to inject into the Hand-Yangming. It ascends to the tongue and descends to inject into the Foot-Yangming. It often travels with Ying Qi in Yin and Yang, twenty-five degrees each, forming one cycle. Thus, it completes fifty cycles day and night and meets in grand assembly at the Hand-Taiyin.
Question: When a person eats hot food, before the heat dissipates, sweat appears on the face, back, or half of the body. Why does it not follow the pathway of Wei Qi? Answer: This is due to external wind injury, which opens the pores internally. Hair steams and skin texture leaks. Wei Qi rushes to these openings and thus cannot follow its proper path. This Qi is fierce, slippery, and rapid; upon seeing an opening, it exits immediately. Hence, it does not follow its usual path and is named "Lou Xie" (Leakage). The Middle Jiao also lies behind the stomach opening, emerging after the Upper Jiao. This is where Qi is received, waste is separated, fluids are steamed, and essence is transformed. It ascends to the Lung, transforms into blood, and nourishes the body. Nothing is more precious than this, so it alone travels in the meridians and is named Ying.
Question: Blood and Qi have different names but are of the same category. Why? Answer: Ying and Wei are Essence Qi, while Blood is Spirit Qi. Therefore, Blood and Qi are of the same category despite different names. Thus, those who lose blood should not be sweated, and those who lose sweat should not bleed. A person has two ways to die but no two ways to live. The Lower Jiao separates from the ileum, injects into the bladder, and seeps in. Water and grain usually reside together in the stomach, become waste, and descend together to the large intestine, becoming the Lower Jiao. They seep and descend together, separating juices, following the Lower Jiao, and seeping into the bladder.
Question: When a person drinks wine, it also enters the stomach. Why is urine excreted before the rice is digested? Answer: Wine is the liquid of cooked grain. Its Qi is fierce and slippery. Therefore, although it enters the stomach later than grain, it exits as fluid earlier. Thus it is said: The Upper Jiao is like mist, the Middle Jiao is like fermentation, and the Lower Jiao is like a ditch. This is what is meant.