黄帝问曰∶余尝上青霄之台，中陛而惑，独冥视之，安心定气，久而不解，被发长跪，
俯而复视之，久不已，卒然自止，何气使然？岐伯对曰∶五脏六腑之精气，上注于目而为之
精，精之裹（《灵枢》作窠，下同）者为眼，骨之精者为瞳子，筋之精为黑精（《灵枢》作黑
眼），血之精为其络，气之精为白精（《灵枢》亦作白眼），肌肉之精为约束，裹契（一作撷）
筋骨血气之精而与脉并为系，上属于脑，后出于项中。故邪中于头目，逢身
之虚，其入深，则随眼系以入于脑，入则脑转，脑转则引目系急，目系急则目眩以转矣。邪
中之精，则其精所中者不相比，不相比则精散，精散则视歧，故见两物也。目者，五脏六腑
之精也，营卫魂魄之所常营也，神气之所生也。故神劳则魂魄散，志意乱。是故瞳子黑眼法
于阴，白晴赤脉法于阳，故阴阳合揣（《灵枢》作传）而精明也。目者心之使也，心者神
之所舍也，故神分精乱而不揣（一作转），卒然见非常之处，精气魂魄散不相得，故曰惑。曰
∶余疑何其然也，余每之东苑，未尝不惑，去之则复。余惟独为东苑劳神乎，何其异也？曰
∶不然，夫心有所喜，神有所恶，卒然相惑则精气乱，视误故惑，神移乃复，是故间者为
迷，甚者为惑。
目 外决（一作次）于面者，为锐 ；在内近鼻者，上为外 ，下为内 。目色赤者病
在
病在胸中。诊目痛赤脉从上下者，太阳病；从下上者，阳明病；从外走内者，少阳病。夫
胆移热于脑，则辛 鼻渊（一作洞）。鼻渊者，浊涕下不止，传为鼽懵（《素问》作衄蔑），瞑
目，故得之气厥。
足阳明有侠鼻入于面者，名曰悬颅，属口对入系目本。头痛，引颔取之，视有过者取
之，损有余，补不足，反者益甚。足太阳有通项入于脑者，正属目本，名曰眼系。头目苦痛
，取之在项中两筋间，入脑乃别，阴跷阳跷阴阳相交，阳入阴出，阴阳交于锐 ，阳气绝
则乃瞑目，阴气绝则眠。目中赤痛，从内 始，取之阴跷。
目中痛不能视，上星主之，先取噫嘻，后取
天牖、风池。青肓，远视不明，承光主之。目瞑远视KT KT ，目窗主之，目KT KT
赤痛，天柱主之。目眩无所见，偏头痛，引外 而急，颔厌主之。目不明，恶风
日，泪出憎寒，目痛目眩，内 赤痛，目KT KT 无所见， 痒痛，淫肤白翳，睛明主之
。青肓无所见，远视KT KT ，目中淫肤，白膜覆瞳子，目窗主之。目不明，泪出，
目眩瞀，瞳子痒，远视KT KT ，昏夜无见，目 动，与项口参相引， 僻口不能言
，刺承泣。目痛口僻戾（一作泪出），目不明，四白主之。目赤黄，颧 主之。 目，
水沟主之。目痛不明，龈交主之。目瞑身汗出，承浆主之。青盲KT 目恶风寒，上关主
之。青盲，商阳主之。KT 目，目KT KT ，偏历主之。眼痛，下廉主之。KT 目，目
KTKT ，少气，灸手五里，左取右，右取左。目中白翳，目痛泣出，甚者如脱，前谷
主之。白膜覆珠，瞳子无所见，解溪主之。
黄帝问道：我曾经登上青霄台，在中阶时感到头晕目眩，独自闭眼凝视，安定心神、调顺气息，但眩晕久久不能缓解；披散头发长跪不起，低头再看，许久仍不停止，突然之间自行停止，这是什么气导致的呢？
岐伯回答说：五脏六腑的精气，向上灌注于眼睛而形成视觉的精华。包裹这些精华的是眼睑（《灵枢》称为“窠”，以下同），其中属骨之精的是瞳孔，属筋之精的是黑眼球（《灵枢》称为“黑眼”），属血之精的是眼络，属气之精的是白眼球（《灵枢》也称为“白眼”），属肌肉之精的是眼睑约束组织。这些组织包裹着筋骨血气之精华，并与经脉结合成为目系，向上连接于脑，向后出于项部中间。所以邪气侵袭头目，如果遇到人体正气虚弱，邪气就会深入，顺着目系进入脑部。进入脑部后引起脑转，脑转则牵引目系紧张，目系紧张就会导致目眩旋转。邪气侵入精气之中，使得被侵入的精气与未被侵入的不相协调，不相协调则精气涣散，精气涣散则视物成双，所以看到两个物体。眼睛是五脏六腑精气的汇聚之处，也是营气、卫气、魂、魄经常循行所在，更是神气产生的地方。所以精神过度劳累会导致魂魄涣散，意志混乱。因此，瞳孔和黑眼球效法阴，白眼球和赤脉效法阳，阴阳和谐交融才能目光明亮有神。眼睛是心的使者，心是神志栖居的地方，所以神志分散、精气混乱而不能和谐交融，突然看到不寻常的景象，精气、魂、魄离散而不相配合，这就叫做“惑”。
黄帝说：我为什么会有这样的疑惑呢？每次我去东苑，没有不感到头晕目眩的，离开那里就恢复了。难道只有去东苑才劳神吗？为什么情况如此特殊呢？
岐伯说：不是这样的。心中有所喜好，神志有所厌恶，突然相互干扰导致精气紊乱，看错了所以产生迷惑，神志转移恢复常态，迷惑也就消除了。所以轻微的叫“迷”，严重的叫“惑”。
目外角在面部外侧者，称为锐眦；在内侧靠近鼻子处，上部为外眦，下部为内眦。眼睛颜色发红，病在胸中。诊断眼痛且赤脉从上向下走的，是太阳病；从下向上走的，是阳明病；从外向内走的，是少阳病。胆热移注于脑，则出现鼻辛、鼻渊（一作洞）。鼻渊是指浊涕不断流出，进而发展为鼽衄（《素问》作衄蔑），闭目昏花，这是由气机逆乱引起的。
足阳明胃经有夹鼻孔入面部的经脉，名叫悬颅，属于口部相对进入并联系到目本。头痛牵引下颌时取此穴，观察是否有异常反应点再取穴，采用泻实补虚的方法，如果反其道而行之，病情会更加严重。足太阳膀胱经有通过颈部进入脑部的经脉，正对目本，名叫眼系。头目剧烈疼痛时，取位于项部两筋之间的穴位，该脉进入脑部后分叉。阴跷脉与阳跷脉阴阳相交，阳气入阴而出，阴阳在锐眦处交汇。阳气衰竭则闭目，阴气衰竭则失眠。眼中赤痛，从内眦开始，取阴跷脉穴位。
眼中疼痛不能视物，上星穴主治，先取噫嘻穴，后取天牖穴、风池穴。青盲症，远视不明，承光穴主治。眼睛昏花远视模糊，目窗穴主治，眼睛红肿疼痛，天柱穴主治。目眩看不见东西，偏头痛，牵引外眦且拘急，颔厌穴主治。视力不清，怕风日，流泪畏寒，眼痛目眩，内眦赤痛，眼睛昏花看不见，眼睑瘙痒疼痛，皮肤泛白生翳，睛明穴主治。青盲症看不见，远视模糊，眼中异物感，白膜覆盖瞳孔，目窗穴主治。视力不清，流泪，目眩昏花，瞳孔痒，远视模糊，黄昏夜晚看不见，眼睑跳动，牵连颈口歪斜，口眼歪斜不能言语，针刺承泣穴。眼痛口眼歪斜，视力不清，四白穴主治。眼睛红黄，颧髎穴主治。流泪，水沟穴主治。眼痛视力不清，龈交穴主治。眼睛昏花身体出汗，承浆穴主治。青盲症怕风寒，上关穴主治。青盲症，商阳穴主治。眼睑下垂，眼睛模糊，偏历穴主治。眼痛，下廉穴主治。眼睑下垂，眼睛模糊，气短，灸手五里穴，左病取右，右病取左。眼中白翳，眼痛流泪，严重时感觉眼球欲脱，前谷穴主治。白膜覆盖眼球，瞳孔看不见，解溪穴主治。
Yellow Emperor asked: I once ascended the Terrace of Qingxiao. While on the middle steps, I felt dizzy. I closed my eyes and gazed alone, calmed my mind, and regulated my qi, but the dizziness persisted for a long time without resolving. I sat kneeling with my hair loose, lowered my head to look again, and it continued for a long time before suddenly stopping on its own. What qi causes this?
Qibo replied: The essence of the five zang organs and six fu organs flows upward into the eyes to form the essence of vision. The container of this essence is the eyelid (referred to as "ke" in *Ling Shu*, same below). The essence of bone forms the pupil; the essence of sinews forms the black part of the eye (referred to as "hei yan" in *Ling Shu*); the essence of blood forms the collateral vessels of the eye; the essence of qi forms the white part of the eye (also referred to as "bai yan" in *Ling Shu*); and the essence of muscles forms the restraining tissues of the eyelids. These tissues wrap around the essences of sinews, bones, blood, and qi, merging with the meridians to form the optic nerve system (mu xi), which connects upward to the brain and emerges posteriorly at the middle of the neck. Therefore, when pathogenic factors attack the head and eyes, if they encounter deficiency in the body's healthy qi, they penetrate deeply, following the optic nerve system into the brain. Once inside, they cause vertigo (brain turning), which pulls the optic nerve system tight. Tightness of the optic nerve system leads to dizziness and spinning sensations. When pathogenic factors invade the essence, the invaded essence becomes disorganized relative to the uninvaded parts. This disorganization causes the essence to scatter, leading to diplopia (seeing double), thus seeing two objects. The eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the five zang and six fu organs, the regular pathway of Ying-Qi, Wei-Qi, Hun, and Po, and the source of Shen-Qi. Thus, mental overexertion scatters Hun and Po and confuses Yi-Zhi. Therefore, the pupil and black part of the eye correspond to Yin, while the white part and red vessels correspond to Yang. When Yin and Yang harmonize and transmit each other, clear vision is achieved. The eyes are the messengers of the Heart, and the Heart is the residence of Shen. Thus, when Shen disperses and Jing becomes chaotic without harmonizing, and one suddenly sees unusual phenomena, the Jing, Hun, and Po scatter and fail to cooperate, which is called "Huo" (confusion/dizziness).
The Yellow Emperor said: Why do I have such confusion? Every time I go to Dongyuan, I invariably feel dizzy, but it resolves when I leave. Is it only Dongyuan that exhausts my spirit? Why is it so different?
Qibo said: No. If the heart has preferences and the spirit has aversions, sudden mutual interference causes chaos in Jing-Qi, leading to visual errors and thus confusion. When the spirit shifts back to normal, the confusion returns to normal. Hence, mild cases are called "Mi" (bewilderment), and severe cases are called "Huo" (confusion).
The outer canthus (Rui Zi) is located at the lateral aspect of the face; the inner canthus is near the nose, with the upper part being the outer canthus and the lower part the inner canthus. Redness of the eyes indicates disease in the chest. In diagnosing eye pain with red vessels: if the vessels run from top to bottom, it is Taiyang disease; if from bottom to top, it is Yangming disease; if from outside moving inward, it is Shaoyang disease. If Gallbladder heat transfers to the brain, it causes nasal congestion and Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis/rhinorrhea). Bi Yuan is characterized by continuous flow of turbid nasal discharge, which may progress to Qiu Nu (epistaxis/nasal bleeding) and closed-eye dizziness, caused by Qi reversal.
The Foot-Yangming Meridian has branches entering the face alongside the nose, named Xuanlu, connecting from the mouth area to the root of the eye. For headache radiating to the jaw, needle this point; observe for pathological signs and treat accordingly. Use reducing methods for excess and tonifying methods for deficiency; reversing these will worsen the condition. The Foot-Taiyang Meridian has a branch passing through the neck into the brain, directly connecting to the root of the eye, named Yan Xi (optic nerve system). For severe headache and eye pain, needle the point between the two tendons in the neck, where the meridian enters the brain and diverges. The Yin Qiao Mai and Yang Qiao Mai intersect; Yang enters Yin and exits, intersecting at the Rui Zi. If Yang Qi is exhausted, one closes the eyes; if Yin Qi is exhausted, one suffers insomnia. For redness and pain in the eyes starting from the inner canthus, needle the Yin Qiao Mai points.
For eye pain preventing vision, Shangxing (GV20) is the main point. First needle Yixi (BL48), then Tianyou (TE16) and Fengchi (GB20). For Qing Mang (blindness) with unclear distance vision, Chengguang (ST8) is the main point. For blurred distant vision, Mucuang (GB15) is the main point. For red and painful eyes, Tianzhu (BL10) is the main point. For dizziness and blindness, accompanied by lateral headache pulling the outer canthus tightly, Hanyan (GB16) is the main point. For unclear vision, aversion to wind and sun, tearing, cold intolerance, eye pain, dizziness, redness and pain in the inner canthus, blurred vision, itching and pain of the eyelids, and white nebula on the skin, Jingming (BL1) is the main point. For Qing Mang with no vision, blurred distance vision, foreign body sensation in the eye, and white membrane covering the pupil, Mucuang (GB15) is the main point. For unclear vision, tearing, dizziness, itchy pupils, blurred distance vision, inability to see at dusk or night, eyelid twitching,牵引 (pulling) of the neck and mouth causing deviation and inability to speak, pierce Chengqi (ST1). For eye pain and facial deviation, unclear vision, Sibai (ST1) is the main point. For red and yellow eyes, Quanliao (SI18) is the main point. For tearing, Shuigou (GV26) is the main point. For eye pain and unclear vision, Yinjiao (DU28) is the main point. For dizziness and sweating, Chengjiang (CV24) is the main point. For Qing Mang with aversion to wind and cold, Shangguan (ST7) is the main point. For Qing Mang, Shangyang (LI1) is the main point. For ptosis and blurred vision, Pianli (TE5) is the main point. For eye pain, Xia Lian (ST34) is the main point. For ptosis, blurred vision, and shortness of qi, moxa Shou Wuli (ST37), treating left for right and right for left. For white nebula in the eye, eye pain, and tearing, with severe sensation of eyeball protrusion, Qian Gu (SI15) is the main point. For white membrane covering the globe and inability to see through the pupil, Jie Xi (ST41) is the main point.