\r背俞第二行四十四穴\pf-f12.bmp\r
大杼二穴。在项后第一椎下。两旁相去各寸半陷中。针五分。可灸七壮。（甲乙同）明
云、禁灸。下经云、灸五壮。素同。（难疏。骨会大杼。骨病治此。）
明堂云禁灸。而铜人云可灸七壮。必有说也。要非大急、不必灸。
风门二穴。一名热府。在二椎下两旁相去各寸半。针五分。留七呼。今附。若频刺泄诸
阳热气。背永不发痈疽。灸五壮。
肺俞二穴。在三椎下两旁各寸半。（自此后不写相去二字。）针三分。留七呼。得气即泻
。出
甲乙经。甄权针经云、在三椎下两旁。以搭手左取右右取左。当中指末是穴。针五分。留七
呼。灸百壮。明下云、三壮。（千。肺俞对乳引绳度之。）
厥阴俞二穴。在四椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。灸七七壮。千、扁鹊云名阙俞。
心俞二穴。在五椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留七呼。得气即泻。不可灸。明下云、灸
五壮。（千云。第七节对心横三间。）
铜人云、心俞不可灸。可针入三分。世医因此遂谓心俞禁灸。但可针尔。殊不知刺中心
一日
可也。岂可泥不可灸之说。而坐受毙耶。
督俞二穴。一名高盖。在六椎下两旁各寸半。禁针通灸。
铜人经缺此穴。明堂经有之。今根据明堂入在此。恐铜人本不全也。
膈俞二穴。在七椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留七呼。灸三壮。明下云、五壮。（难疏
。血会鬲俞。血病灸此。）
八椎下两旁。铜人明堂并缺俞穴。
肝俞二穴。在九椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留六呼。灸三壮。明下云、七壮。素云、
刺中肝。五日死。
胆俞二穴。在十椎下两旁各寸半。正坐取之。灸三壮。针五分。明云、三
分。下经云、灸五壮。素、刺中胆。一日半死。
脾俞二穴。在十一椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留七呼。灸三壮。明下云、五壮。素云
、刺中脾。十日死。
胃俞二穴。在十二椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留七呼。灸随年为壮。明云、三壮。下云、七壮。
三俞二穴。在十三椎下两旁各寸半。针五分。留七呼。灸三壮。明云、针三分。下云、灸
肾俞二穴。在十四椎下两旁各寸半。与脐平。针三分。留七呼。灸以年为壮。忌同。明云、三壮下。
云、五壮刺中肾六日死。
气海俞二穴。在十五椎下两旁各寸半。通灸。
按明堂有气海俞。而铜人无之。恐铜人本不全。故根据明堂附入于此。
大肠俞二穴。在十六椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留六呼。灸二壮。
关元俞二穴。在十七椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。
按明堂有关元俞。而铜人无之。恐铜人本不全。故根据明堂附入于此。
小肠俞二穴。在十八椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留六呼。灸三壮。
膀胱俞二穴。在十九椎下两旁各寸半。针三分。留六呼。灸三壮。明下云、七壮。
中膂内俞二穴。一名脊内俞。在二十椎下两旁各寸半。侠脊起肉。针三分。留十呼。灸
三壮。明下云、主腰痛夹脊膂痛。上下按之应者。从项后至此穴痛。皆灸之立愈。
白环俞二穴。在二十一椎下两旁各寸半。甲乙云、针如腰户法同。挺腹地端身。两手
相重支额。纵息令皮肤俱缓。乃取其穴。针八分。得气即先泻讫。多补之。不宜灸。忌房劳。不
得举重。明下云、灸三壮。
上 二穴。在第一空腰髁下侠脊陷中。针三分。灸七壮。千云、腰髁下一寸。
次 二穴。在第一空侠脊陷中。可灸七壮。针三分。
中 二穴。在第三空侠脊陷中。针二分。留十呼。灸二壮。
下 二穴。在第四空侠脊陷中。针二分。留十呼。灸三壮。
会阳二穴。一名利机。在阴尾骨两旁。针八分。灸五壮。
千金八 在腰目下三寸。侠脊相去四寸。（两边四穴。故名八 。）其曰夹脊四寸。是
除脊各寸半也。凡大杼下穴。皆当除脊各寸半。
背俞第二行四十四穴
大杼穴，左右各一。位于项部后方第一胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开脊柱中线各一寸半。针刺深度五分。可施灸七壮。（《甲乙经》记载相同）《明堂》云禁止施灸，《下经》云施灸五壮，《素问》注疏观点相同。（《难经》注疏认为：骨会于大杼，骨病治疗此穴。）《明堂》云禁止施灸，而《铜人腧穴针灸图经》云可施灸七壮，其中必有缘由。若非病情紧急，不必施灸。
风门穴，左右各一。又名热府。位于第二胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开脊柱中线各一寸半。针刺深度五分。留针七次呼吸的时间。现附于此。若频繁针刺以泄诸阳热气，背部永不发生痈疽。施灸五壮。
肺俞穴，左右各一。位于第三胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。（从此处开始不再书写“相去”二字。）针刺深度三分。留针七次呼吸的时间。得气后立即泻法。出自《甲乙经》。甄权《针经》云：在第三胸椎棘突下两旁。用手搭肩，左手取右侧穴位，右手取左侧穴位，当中指指尖末端即是穴位。针刺深度五分。留针七次呼吸的时间。施灸一百壮。《明堂》下部云：施灸三壮。（《千金方》记载：肺俞穴正对乳头，用绳子拉直测量距离。）
厥阴俞穴，左右各一。位于第四胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。施灸七七四十九壮。《千金方》、扁鹊云名为阙俞。
心俞穴，左右各一。位于第五胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针七次呼吸的时间。得气后立即泻法。不可施灸。《明堂》下部云：施灸五壮。（《千金方》云：第七节脊椎对应心脏横向间隔三间。）
《铜人腧穴针灸图经》云：心俞不可施灸，可针刺入三分深。世间的医生因此便说心俞禁止施灸，只可针刺罢了。殊不知如果针刺中心脏，一天就会死亡。怎么能拘泥于不可施灸的说法，而坐等死亡呢？
督俞穴，左右各一。又名高盖。位于第六胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。禁止针刺，通用于施灸。
《铜人经》缺少此穴。《明堂经》有记载。现在根据《明堂经》将其列入此处。恐怕《铜人经》原本就不完整。
膈俞穴，左右各一。位于第七胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针七次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。《明堂》下部云：五壮。（《难经》注疏：血会于膈俞，血病施灸此穴。）
第八胸椎下两旁。《铜人经》和《明堂经》都缺少俞穴。
肝俞穴，左右各一。位于第九胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针六次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。《明堂》下部云：七壮。《素问》云：针刺中肝脏，五日死。
胆俞穴，左右各一。位于第十胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。端正坐姿取穴。施灸三壮。针刺深度五分。《明堂》云：三分。《下经》云：施灸五壮。《素问》：针刺中胆囊，一日半死。
脾俞穴，左右各一。位于第十一胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针七次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。《明堂》下部云：五壮。《素问》云：针刺中脾脏，十日死。
胃俞穴，左右各一。位于第十二胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针七次呼吸的时间。施灸壮数随患者年龄而定（几岁灸几壮）。《明堂》云：三壮。《下经》云：七壮。
三焦俞穴，左右各一。位于第十三胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度五分。留针七次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。《明堂》云：针刺三分。《下经》云：施灸……（原文此处似有脱漏或排版错误，结合下文肾俞，此处应为肾俞之前的描述，但原文断句混乱，依文意推测为肾俞前的过渡或误植，此处按原文字面翻译：施灸……）
肾俞穴，左右各一。位于第十四胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。与肚脐平齐。针刺深度三分。留针七次呼吸的时间。施灸壮数以年龄为准。禁忌同前。《明堂》下部云：三壮。下部又云：五壮。《素问》云：针刺中肾脏，六日死。
气海俞穴，左右各一。位于第十五胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。通用于施灸。
按：《明堂经》有气海俞，而《铜人经》没有。恐怕《铜人经》原本不完整。所以根据《明堂经》附入在此处。
大肠俞穴，左右各一。位于第十六胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针六次呼吸的时间。施灸二壮。
关元俞穴，左右各一。位于第十七胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。
按：《明堂经》有关元俞，而《铜人经》没有。恐怕《铜人经》原本不完整。所以根据《明堂经》附入在此处。
小肠俞穴，左右各一。位于第十八胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针六次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。
膀胱俞穴，左右各一。位于第十九胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。针刺深度三分。留针六次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。《明堂》下部云：七壮。
中膂内俞穴，左右各一。又名脊内俞。位于第二十胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。紧贴脊柱两侧隆起的肌肉处。针刺深度三分。留针十次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。《明堂》下部云：主治腰痛夹脊膂痛。上下按压时疼痛反应明显的。从项后直到此穴疼痛的，都施灸它，立刻痊愈。
白环俞穴，左右各一。位于第二十一胸椎棘突下凹陷处，旁开各一寸半。《甲乙经》云：针刺方法同腰户法。挺腹仰卧端正身体。两手交叉支撑额头。放松气息使皮肤松弛，然后取穴。针刺深度八分。得气后先泻法，然后多施补法。不宜施灸。忌房事劳累。不得举重物。《明堂》下部云：施灸三壮。
上髎穴，左右各一。在第一骶后孔中，紧贴脊柱两侧的凹陷处。针刺深度三分。施灸七壮。《千金方》云：腰髁下一寸。
次髎穴，左右各一。在第二骶后孔中，紧贴脊柱两侧的凹陷处。可施灸七壮。针刺深度三分。
中髎穴，左右各一。在第三骶后孔中，紧贴脊柱两侧的凹陷处。针刺深度二分。留针十次呼吸的时间。施灸二壮。
下髎穴，左右各一。在第四骶后孔中，紧贴脊柱两侧的凹陷处。针刺深度二分。留针十次呼吸的时间。施灸三壮。
会阳穴，左右各一。又名利机。在尾骨两旁。针刺深度八分。施灸五壮。
《千金方》中的八个穴位：在腰目下三寸，紧贴脊柱两旁相距四寸。（两边各四穴，所以叫八个穴位。）所说的夹脊四寸，是除去脊柱各一寸半的距离。凡是位于大杼以下的穴位，都应除去脊柱各一寸半。
Forty-four Acupoints in the Second Row of Back-Shu Points
Dazhu (BL11), two points. Located below the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra at the back of the neck, in the depression on both sides, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.5 cun. Moxibustion: 7 moxa cones allowed. (Same as recorded in *Jia Yi Jing*). *Ming Tang* states: contraindicated for moxibustion. *Xia Jing* states: 5 moxa cones. The commentary on *Nan Jing* agrees. (Commentary on *Nan Jing*: The Bone Meeting point is Dazhu; treat bone diseases here.) *Ming Tang* states: contraindicated for moxibustion, whereas *Tong Ren* states: 7 moxa cones allowed. There must be a reason for this discrepancy. If not an urgent condition, moxibustion is not necessary.
Fengmen (BL12), two points. Also known as Refu (Heat Mansion). Located below the spinous process of the second thoracic vertebra, in the depression on both sides, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.5 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Added here now. Frequent needling to drain heat from all Yang channels ensures that carbuncles and sores will never appear on the back. Moxibustion: 5 moxa cones.
Feishu (BL13), two points. Located below the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline. (From this point onwards, "lateral distance" is omitted.) Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Upon arrival of Qi, apply reducing method. Source: *Jia Yi Jing*. Zhen Quan's *Zhen Jing* states: located below the spinous process of the third thoracic vertebra on both sides. Place hand on shoulder; take right side with left hand, left side with right hand; the tip of the middle finger indicates the point. Needle depth: 0.5 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Moxibustion: 100 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 3 moxa cones. (*Qian Jin Fang*: Measure Feishu opposite the nipple with a straight rope.)
Jueyinshu (BL14), two points. Located below the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Moxibustion: 49 (7x7) moxa cones. *Qian Jin Fang*, Bian Que states: also named Queshu.
Xinshu (BL15), two points. Located below the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Upon arrival of Qi, apply reducing method. Contraindicated for moxibustion. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 5 moxa cones. (*Qian Jin Fang*: Corresponds to the heart horizontally across three intervals at the seventh vertebral segment.)
*Tong Ren* states: Xinshu is contraindicated for moxibustion; needle depth 0.3 cun. Physicians of later generations therefore claim Xinshu is contraindicated for moxibustion and only suitable for needling. Little do they know that if the needle pierces the heart, death occurs within one day. How can one rigidly adhere to the saying "contraindicated for moxibustion" and sit idle awaiting death?
Dushu (BL16), two points. Also known as Gaigai. Located below the spinous process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Contraindicated for needling; suitable for moxibustion.
*Tong Ren Jing* lacks this point. *Ming Tang Jing* includes it. Now included here based on *Ming Tang*. It is likely that the original text of *Tong Ren* was incomplete.
Geshu (BL17), two points. Located below the spinous process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 5 moxa cones. (Commentary on *Nan Jing*: The Blood Meeting point is Geshu; moxa this point for blood disorders.)
Below the eighth thoracic vertebra, on both sides. Both *Tong Ren* and *Ming Tang* lack Shu points here.
Ganshu (BL18), two points. Located below the spinous process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 6 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 7 moxa cones. *Su Wen* states: If the needle pierces the liver, death occurs in five days.
Danshu (BL19), two points. Located below the spinous process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Take point while sitting upright. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. Needle depth: 0.5 cun. *Ming Tang* states: 0.3 cun. *Xia Jing* states: 5 moxa cones. *Su Wen*: If the needle pierces the gallbladder, death occurs in one and a half days.
Pishu (BL20), two points. Located below the spinous process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 5 moxa cones. *Su Wen* states: If the needle pierces the spleen, death occurs in ten days.
Weishu (BL21), two points. Located below the spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Moxibustion: number of cones equals the patient's age in years. *Ming Tang* states: 3 moxa cones. *Xia Jing* states: 7 moxa cones.
Sanjiaoshu (BL22), two points. Located below the spinous process of the thirteenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.5 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* states: needle depth 0.3 cun. *Xia Jing* states: moxa... (Text appears fragmented here).
Shenshu (BL23), two points. Located below the spinous process of the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Level with the umbilicus. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 7 breaths. Moxibustion: number of cones equals the patient's age in years. Contraindications same as above. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 3 moxa cones. Lower section further states: 5 moxa cones. *Su Wen* states: If the needle pierces the kidney, death occurs in six days.
Qihais hu (BL24), two points. Located below the spinous process of the fifteenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Suitable for moxibustion.
Note: *Ming Tang* has Qihais hu, but *Tong Ren* does not. It is likely *Tong Ren* was incomplete originally. Therefore, added here based on *Ming Tang*.
Dachangshu (BL25), two points. Located below the spinous process of the sixteenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 6 breaths. Moxibustion: 2 moxa cones.
Guanyuanshu (BL26), two points. Located below the spinous process of the seventeenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun.
Note: *Ming Tang* has Guanyuanshu, but *Tong Ren* does not. It is likely *Tong Ren* was incomplete originally. Therefore, added here based on *Ming Tang*.
Xiaochangshu (BL27), two points. Located below the spinous process of the eighteenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 6 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones.
Pangguangshu (BL28), two points. Located below the spinous process of the nineteenth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 6 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 7 moxa cones.
Zhonglü Neishu (BL29), two points. Also known as Jineishu. Located below the spinous process of the twentieth thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. Adjacent to the raised muscles along the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Retain needle for 10 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones. *Ming Tang* lower section states: Mainly treats lumbar pain with spinal muscle pain. Pressing up and down elicits pain response. For pain extending from the nape to this point, moxa these areas, and relief is immediate.
Baihuan shu (BL30), two points. Located below the spinous process of the twenty-first thoracic vertebra, each 1.5 cun lateral to the midline of the spine. *Jia Yi Jing* states: Needling method is the same as Yaohu. Lie prone with body straight. Cross hands to support forehead. Relax breathing to loosen skin, then locate the point. Needle depth: 0.8 cun. Upon arrival of Qi, apply reducing method first, then tonifying method extensively. Contraindicated for moxibustion. Avoid sexual fatigue. Do not lift heavy objects. *Ming Tang* lower section states: 3 moxa cones.
Shangliao (BL31), two points. Located in the first posterior sacral foramen, in the depression adjacent to the spine. Needle depth: 0.3 cun. Moxibustion: 7 moxa cones. *Qian Jin Fang* states: One cun below the iliac tuberosity.
Ciliao (BL32), two points. Located in the second posterior sacral foramen, in the depression adjacent to the spine. Moxibustion: 7 moxa cones. Needle depth: 0.3 cun.
Zhongliao (BL33), two points. Located in the third posterior sacral foramen, in the depression adjacent to the spine. Needle depth: 0.2 cun. Retain needle for 10 breaths. Moxibustion: 2 moxa cones.
Xialiao (BL34), two points. Located in the fourth posterior sacral foramen, in the depression adjacent to the spine. Needle depth: 0.2 cun. Retain needle for 10 breaths. Moxibustion: 3 moxa cones.
Huiyang (BL35), two points. Also known as Liji. Located on both sides of the coccyx. Needle depth: 0.8 cun. Moxibustion: 5 moxa cones.
*Qian Jin Ba Liao* (Eight Liao points): Three cun below the "waist eye," adjacent to the spine, 4 cun apart. (Four points on each side, hence called Eight Liao.) The term "4 cun from the spine" refers to the distance excluding the 1.5 cun on either side of the spine. All acupoints below Dazhu should be measured as 1.5 cun lateral to the spine.