(经络考)
张嗣泉曰。脏腑阴阳各有其经。四肢筋骨各有所主。明其部以定经。循其流以寻源。舍
此而
欲知病之所在。犹适燕而南行。岂不逾劳而逾远哉方书云。不读十二经络开口动手便错。诚
确论也。世人以经络为针灸家书。皆懵然罔究。妄举妄谭。即如头痛一症左右分经前后异位
。同一腹痛也。而有中脘当脐少腹之分。同一害眼也。而有大 小 黑珠白珠。上下胞之异
。在肺而用心药。则肺病不去。而复损心经在血而用气药。则气反伤。而血病益滋。东垣曰
。伤寒邪在太阳经。误用葛根汤。则引邪入阳明。是葛根乃阳明经药。非太阳经药也。即此
而推。其夭于药者不知其几矣。仁人君子。慎勿轻议。当留心于此焉。
(医学源流)
天下有同此一病。而治此则效。治彼则不效。且不惟无效而反有害者。则以病同而人异
也。
夫七情六淫之感。而受感者。或气体有强弱。质性有阴阳。生长有南北。性情有刚柔。筋骨
有坚脆。肢体有劳逸。年力有老少。奉养有膏梁藜藿之殊心境有忧劳和乐之别。更加天时有
寒暖受病有深浅之各异。一概施治则病情虽中。而气体相反。利害亦相反矣。故医必细审其
人之种种不同。而后轻重缓急。大小先后之法因之而定。内经言之极详。即针灸外科治法尽
然。故凡治病者。皆当细审也。
（《经络考》）
张嗣泉说：脏腑和阴阳各有其所属的经脉，四肢和筋骨各有其主管的经脉。明确病变部位以确定所属经脉，顺着经脉的循行来追溯病源。舍弃这些原则而想要知道疾病所在，就像想去燕地却向南走，岂不是越劳累反而离目标越远吗？医书说：“不研读十二经脉，一开口动手就会出错。”这确实是确切的言论。世人认为经脉只是针灸家的书籍，全都懵懂无知、不加探究，胡乱列举、妄加谈论。例如头痛这一症状，左右分属不同经脉，前后位置各异；同样是腹痛，有中脘、当脐、少腹的区别；同样是眼疾，有大黑珠、小黑珠、白珠以及上下眼睑的不同。如果在肺经的病证中用心经的药物，那么肺病不去，反而会损伤心经；在血分的病证中使用气分的药物，那么气反而受伤，而血病更加滋长。李东垣说：“伤寒邪气在太阳经（足太阳膀胱经受邪所致的病证），误用葛根汤，则会引邪气进入阳明经（足阳明胃经受邪所致的病证）。这是因为葛根是阳明经的药物，而不是太阳经的药物。”由此类推，因用药错误而夭折的人不知有多少。仁人君子，千万不要轻易议论，应当留心于此。
（《医学源流》）
天下有同样的疾病，治疗这个人有效，治疗那个人无效，甚至不仅无效反而有害的情况，是因为疾病相同而人的体质不同。
七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）和六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪）的感受，以及受感者，有的体质有强弱之分，禀性有阴阳之别，生长地域有南北之差，性情有刚柔之异，筋骨有坚脆之殊，肢体有劳逸之别，年龄精力有老少之分，饮食供养有膏粱（油腻精细食物）与藜藿（粗劣野菜）的不同，心境有忧劳与和乐的区别，再加上天时气候有寒暖的变化，导致受病的深浅各不相同。如果一概施治，虽然病情看似对症，但患者的体质相反，利害结果也就相反了。所以医生必须仔细审察每个人的种种不同，然后轻重缓急、大小先后的治疗方法才能据此确定。《黄帝内经》对此论述极为详尽，即使是针灸和外科的治疗方法也是如此。所以凡是治病的人，都应当仔细审察。
(From "Kao Jing Luo")
Zhang Siquan said: The Zang-Fu organs and Yin-Yin each have their respective meridians, and the limbs and sinews-bones each have their respective governors. By clarifying the affected area to determine the meridian, and following the flow to trace the source, one can understand the pathology. To abandon this and attempt to locate the disease is like intending to go to Yan but traveling south; would it not be more exhausting and further from the goal? Medical texts state, "If one does not study the Twelve Meridians, opening one's mouth and moving one's hands will lead to errors." This is indeed a correct statement. People regard the study of meridians as merely the domain of acupuncturists, remaining ignorant and uninvestigative, making arbitrary claims and discussions. For instance, regarding headache, it is divided by left and right meridians and differs in anterior-posterior locations. Similarly, abdominal pain varies between the Zhongwan (CV12), umbilical, and Shaofu regions. Eye diseases differ among the large black pupil, small black pupil, white sclera, and upper/lower eyelids. If heart-meridian herbs are used for lung diseases, the lung pathology remains while the heart meridian is damaged. If Qi-moving herbs are used for blood disorders, Qi is injured, and the blood pathology worsens. Li Dongyuan stated, "When pathogenic factors of Cold Damage are in the Taiyang Meridian, misusing Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction) draws the pathogen into the Yangming Meridian. This is because Gegen is a herb for the Yangming Meridian, not the Taiyang Meridian." From this, one can infer that countless people have perished due to medication errors. Benevolent gentlemen should not speak lightly on this matter but should pay close attention to it.
(From "Yi Xue Yuan Liu")
In the world, there are cases where the same disease is cured effectively in one person but fails in another, or even causes harm. This is because although the disease is the same, the individuals differ.
The influence of the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, Fright) and Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) affects individuals differently. Some have strong or weak constitutions, some have Yin or Yang natures, some grow up in the North or South, some have rigid or gentle temperaments, some have firm or fragile sinews and bones, some are diligent or lazy in physical activity, some are young or old in age and vigor, some consume rich foods (Gao Liang) while others eat coarse vegetables (Li Huo), and some have minds burdened with worry and labor while others are peaceful and joyful. Furthermore, seasonal climates vary in cold and warmth, leading to differences in the depth of illness. If treatment is applied uniformly, although the symptoms may appear targeted, the patient's constitution may be opposite, resulting in opposite benefits and harms. Therefore, physicians must carefully examine the various differences in each individual before determining methods of severity, urgency, size, and sequence. The Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) discusses this in great detail, and this applies equally to acupuncture and surgical treatments. Thus, anyone treating diseases must examine carefully.