泻痢乃脾胃之疾，六气中除燥气外，皆能为泻。然伤于寒湿者为多，其邪从经络而入，
犯及
中土，所以治泻以补脾为君，除邪为辅。若中气下陷，泄泻无常者，宜补中归脾主之，乃正
治也。五更肾泻，古人皆用四神丸，未必皆验，盖因湿伤水脏故也，当用金匮泽泻汤，加姜
桂五味萆 之类，往往获效。又有肝肾大虚，命门火衰，不能蒸化糟粕而时见泄泻者，宜附
子理中汤，或右归丸加紫石英粟壳之类，以固敛之。痢疾多患于夏秋之间，当初起正值暑湿
全盛时，用通利之剂即愈。盖积滞亦是肠中津液，气不统运，变为败垢，调其气则失统之败
垢自下，未伤之津液亦安。近世执痛随利减之说，概用通利，久痢虚痢则危矣。郭友三治一
人，阴虚发热，下痢不食，用猪苓汤、阿胶黄连汤而痊，可谓善悟。泻症若兼目疾，却不可
过用祛风利湿，惟宜健脾，如异功散之类，随症加减。痢症若兼目疾，宜行血调气，如香苏
平胃四物，或佐香连丸、清宁丸皆可。若泻痢久而目生翳障者，乃阴分受伤也，法宜滋阴，
甘草阿胶，可随症加入。总之津液下泄，不能上承于目，延久必有翳膜之患，当去其宿积，
固其肠胃，标本兼施，泻痢得止，则目患自除矣。
疮疡者，六阳火燥有余，水不能制，以致妄乱无拘，燔灼于经络之间，蒸逼于肌肤之内
，气
血为之壅滞，日积月累，而毒成矣。阳毒必高凸红赤 肿，治之易愈。阴毒必低凹青黑平塌
，治最难痊。或发于头面，或发于手足，或发于身体，其名不一，其状各殊。治之之法，诸
家皆有条论，选粹诸书可考也。其妙在用药升降得宜，及药贴之道地，内服汤剂，不过排脓
消肿而已。外科诸症，大约热者多，寒者少，火性上炎，目窍至高，最易冲犯。目为肝窍，
肝属于木，又为火之从生，同类相应，自然之理。而肝与胆，又为表里，胆腑清净，疮毒为
浊邪挟其火势，扰害少阳，苟其平素肝肾有亏，阴虚血少，胆汁不充，安能滋其目络。故热
邪乘虚而入，发出目患。若发于病毒之时，须用三黄四物，专治其毒，毒愈而目亦愈。若发
于病毒之后，治用解毒凉血之类，热退而目亦得愈。至于椒疮粟疮眼瘅眼癣之症，为本科自
有之病，不可与疮疡同语也。
泻痢是脾胃的疾病，六气（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）中除了燥气之外，都能导致泄泻。然而，因寒湿侵袭而致病的情况较多，邪气从经络进入，侵犯中焦脾胃，所以治疗泄泻以补脾为主，祛除邪气为辅。如果中气下陷，泄泻无规律者，适宜用补中益气汤和归脾汤来主治，这是正治法。五更肾泻，古人常用四神丸，但未必都有效，这是因为湿气损伤了肾脏的缘故，应当使用金匮泽泻汤，加入干姜、肉桂、五味子、萆薢之类的药物，往往能取得疗效。又有肝肾大虚，命门火衰，不能蒸化糟粕而时常出现泄泻的，适宜用附子理中汤，或者右归丸加紫石英、罂粟壳之类的药物，以固涩收敛。痢疾多在夏秋之间发生，初起时正值暑湿旺盛之时，使用通利大便的药物即可痊愈。因为积滞也是肠中的津液，气机不能统摄运化，变成了败浊之物，调理好气机，那么失去统摄的败浊之物自然排出，未受损的津液也能安宁。近代人执着于“痛随利减”的说法，一概使用通利药物，对于久痢、虚痢来说就非常危险了。郭友三治疗一个人，阴虚发热，下痢且不能进食，使用猪苓汤和阿胶黄连汤而痊愈，可以说是善于领悟医理。泄泻症如果兼有目疾，却不可过度使用祛风利湿的药物，只宜健脾，如异功散之类的方剂，随症状加减。痢症如果兼有目疾，适宜行血调气，如香苏平胃四物汤，或者佐以香连丸、清宁丸都可以。如果泄痢日久，眼睛生出翳障的，这是阴分受伤的缘故，治法适宜滋阴，甘草、阿胶，可根据症状加入。总之，津液向下泄失，不能向上输布滋养眼睛，拖延久了必然会有翳膜的危害，应当去除宿积，巩固肠胃，标本兼治，泄痢停止后，眼患自然消除。
疮疡是由于六阳经火热燥盛有余，水液不能制约，导致火热妄乱无拘束，燔灼在经络之间，蒸逼在肌肤之内，气血因此壅滞，日积月累，毒气就形成了。阳毒必定高凸、红赤肿胀，治疗容易痊愈。阴毒必定低凹、青黑平塌，治疗最难痊愈。有的发于头面，有的发于手足，有的发于身体，名称不一，形态各异。治疗的方法，各家都有详细的论述，选取精华的书籍可以考证。其奥妙在于用药升降得当，以及药贴的道地性，内服汤剂，不过是排脓消肿罢了。外科各种病症，大约热证多，寒证少，火性炎上，眼睛位于人体最高处，最容易受到冲犯。眼睛是肝的窍道，肝属于木，又是火的滋生之源，同类相应，这是自然的道理。而肝与胆互为表里，胆腑清净，疮毒作为浊邪挟带火势，扰乱伤害少阳胆经，如果平时肝肾亏损，阴虚血少，胆汁不充盈，怎么能滋养眼部的络脉呢？所以热邪乘虚而入，引发眼患。如果在病毒发作期间，必须使用三黄四物汤，专门治疗毒邪，毒邪痊愈，眼睛也就好了。如果在病毒发作之后治疗，使用解毒凉血之类的药物，热退后眼睛也能痊愈。至于椒疮、粟疮、眼瘅、眼癣这些病症，是本专科自有的疾病，不可以与疮疡混为一谈。
Xie Li (Dysentery and Diarrhea) is a disease of the Spleen and Stomach. Among the Six Qi (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire), all except Dryness can cause diarrhea. However, cases injured by Cold-Dampness are more common; the pathogen enters through the meridians and invades the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner). Therefore, in treating diarrhea, tonifying the Spleen is the primary principle, while eliminating pathogens is secondary. If there is sinking of Middle Qi with irregular diarrhea, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) combined with Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) should be used as the standard treatment. For Wugeng Kidney Diarrhea (Kidney-type diarrhea occurring at dawn), ancient practitioners often used Si Shen Wan (Four Spirit Pill), but it was not always effective because dampness had injured the Water Organ (Kidney). In such cases, Jin Kui Ze Xie Tang (Ze Xie Decoction from the Golden Cabinet) added with Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), and Bi Xie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome) often yields good results. There are also cases of severe deficiency of the Liver and Kidney, with decline of Ming Men Fire (Gate of Life Fire), where the body cannot steam and transform food residues, leading to frequent diarrhea. Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang (Aconite Decoction to Regulate the Middle) or You Gui Wan (Right Restoring Pill) added with Zi Shi Ying (Fluorite) and Ying Su Ke (Poppy Shell) should be used to consolidate and astringe.
Dysentery (Li Ji) mostly occurs between summer and autumn. At its onset, when Summerheat-Dampness is at its peak, using purgative or draining agents leads to recovery. This is because stagnation consists of intestinal fluids; when Qi fails to control and transport them, they turn into foul residue. Regulating Qi allows the foul residue that has lost control to pass naturally, while undamaged fluids remain peaceful. Modern practitioners, adhering strictly to the saying "pain decreases with purgation," indiscriminately use draining agents, which is dangerous for chronic or deficient dysentery. Guo Yousan treated a patient with Yin deficiency fever, dysentery, and anorexia, curing him with Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) and E Huang Lian Tang (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction), demonstrating profound insight.
If diarrhea is accompanied by eye diseases, one must avoid overusing wind-dispelling and damp-draining herbs; instead, tonifying the Spleen is appropriate, such as with Yi Gong San (Yi Gong Powder), modified according to symptoms. If dysentery is accompanied by eye diseases, regulating Blood and Qi is suitable, such as with Xiang Su Ping Wei Si Wu Tang (Perilla, Bupleurum, Atractylodes Macrocephala, and Four Substances Decoction), or assisting with Xiang Lian Wan (Coptis and Aucklandia Pill) or Qing Ning Wan (Clearing Tranquility Pill). If diarrhea or dysentery persists for a long time and nebulae (opacities) form on the eyes, this indicates injury to the Yin aspect. The method should favor nourishing Yin, adding Gan Cao (Licorice Root) and E Huang (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) as needed. In summary, when fluids leak downward and cannot ascend to nourish the eyes, prolonged duration inevitably leads to membrane formation. One must eliminate old stagnation, consolidate the intestines and stomach, and treat both root and branch. Once diarrhea and dysentery cease, the eye affliction will naturally disappear.
Chuang Yang (Ulcers and Sores) arises from excessive fire and dryness in the Six Yang Meridians, where Water fails to control Fire, causing chaotic and unrestrained heat to scorch the meridians and steam within the skin and muscles. Qi and Blood become congested, and over time, toxicity forms. Yang toxicity presents as high, convex, red, and swollen lesions, which are easy to cure. Yin toxicity presents as low, concave, blue-black, and flat lesions, which are difficult to cure. Lesions may appear on the head and face, hands and feet, or body, varying in name and appearance. Treatment methods are detailed in various texts and can be verified in selected classics. The subtlety lies in the proper ascending and descending actions of the herbs and the authenticity of topical applications. Internal decoctions mainly aim to expel pus and reduce swelling.
In surgical conditions, heat patterns are more common than cold patterns. Since Fire nature flares upward, and the Eye Orifices are located at the highest point of the body, they are most susceptible to invasion. The Eyes are the orifice of the Liver. The Liver belongs to Wood and is the source generating Fire; like responds to like, which is natural law. The Liver and Gallbladder are interior-exteriorly related. The Gallbladder is pure and clear. When ulcer toxicity, as turbid pathogen, carries Fire energy to disturb the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) Gallbladder, if the patient has pre-existing Liver-Kidney deficiency, Yin deficiency, and Blood insufficiency, resulting in insufficient bile, how can it nourish the ocular collaterals? Thus, Heat pathogens enter via deficiency, triggering eye diseases. If these occur during the active phase of toxicity, San Huang Si Wu Tang (Three Yellows and Four Substances Decoction) should be used to specifically treat the toxin; once the toxin resolves, the eyes heal. If treated after the toxic phase, detoxifying and cooling-blood herbs are used; once heat subsides, the eyes recover. Conditions such as Jiao Chuang (Pepper Ulcer), Su Chuang (Millet Ulcer), Yan Dan (Eye Jaundice/Inflammation), and Yan Xuan (Eye Tinea) are specific diseases of ophthalmology and should not be conflated with general Chuang Yang.