味苦甘，性大寒有毒，入十二经。主水胀蛊毒，症结腹满，急痛发汗，利大小肠，通
月经，坠胎孕。小豆为使，恶山药，畏菖蒲，反甘草、芫花、海藻。
按∶大戟阴中微阳，逐十二经水，能损真气，量虚实用之。
雷公云∶凡使勿用附生者，若服令泄气不禁，即用荠 子灌解去。采得于槐砧上细锉，
与海羊叶拌蒸，从巳至申，去羊叶晒干用之。
味酸辛，性寒有毒，入脾膀胱小肠三经。主水胀蛊毒，疝瘕痈肿恶疮，坠胎孕。
按∶商陆专主逐水，与大戟相似，夫水之为病，由于膀胱小肠不利，而脾家之所深恶者
也，故咸入之。有赤白二种，白者可服，赤者有毒，堪用贴肿，误服杀人。
雷公云∶凡使勿用赤葛，缘相似，其赤葛抱茎，有消筋骨之毒，故勿饵，商陆花白，年
多者仙人采之作脯，可下酒也。每修事先以鲷刀刮去粗皮，小薄切，以东流水浸二宿，然后
漉出，架甑蒸，以豆叶一重了，与商陆一重，如斯蒸从午至亥，出去豆叶，晒干了细锉用，
若无豆叶，只用豆代之。
味辛苦，性寒有小毒，入肺心脾膀胱四经。主水肿结气，膀胱留热，定肺气之喘促，疗
积饮之痰厥。同糯米焙黄，去米用，榆皮为使，恶僵蚕、灯草、石龙芮。
按∶葶苈辛走肺，苦走心，膀胱者，肺所绾也，脾土者，心所生也，故皆入之。大伤肺
气，渗泄下元，用之不当，杀人甚捷，稍涉虚者忌之。有甜苦二种，苦者太猛劣，甜者性少
缓。
雷公云∶凡使勿用赤须子，真相似葶苈，只是味微甘苦，葶苈子入顶，凡使以糯米相合，
于
味苦、甘，性大寒且有剧毒，归入十二经脉。主治水胀病和蛊毒，症见腹部结块、腹满、急痛，能发汗，通利大小肠，通畅月经，堕胎。以赤小豆为引药，畏恶山药，畏惧菖蒲，与甘草、芫花、海藻相反。
按语：大戟属阴中微阳之品，能驱逐十二经中的水湿，但会损伤真气，需根据患者虚实情况斟酌使用。
雷公说：凡使用大戟，不要使用野生生长的，如果服用会导致气泄不止，可用荠子灌服来解毒去除毒性。采得后在槐木砧板上细细切碎，与海羊叶拌合蒸制，从巳时到申时，去掉羊叶，晒干后使用。
味酸、辛，性寒且有剧毒，归入脾、膀胱、小肠三经。主治水胀病和蛊毒，疝气、瘕积、痈肿、恶疮，堕胎。
按语：商陆专门主治逐水，与大戟相似。水湿为病，是由于膀胱和小肠不利，而脾脏所深恶的，所以商陆能入这些经络。有赤白两种，白色的可以内服，红色的有毒，只可用于外贴消肿，误服会致死。
雷公说：凡使用商陆，不要使用赤葛，因为外形相似，其赤葛抱茎生长，有消除筋骨毒素的作用，所以不要食用。商陆花白色，年份久的仙人采摘它做成肉脯，可以下酒。每次炮制前先以鲷刀刮去粗皮，切成薄片，用东流水浸泡两个晚上，然后滤出，架在甑上蒸，铺一层豆叶，再铺一层商陆，如此交替蒸制，从午时到亥时，去掉豆叶，晒干后细细切碎使用。如果没有豆叶，只用豆子代替即可。
味辛、苦，性寒且有小毒，归入肺、心、脾、膀胱四经。主治水肿、结气，膀胱留热，平息肺气引起的喘促，治疗积饮导致的痰厥。与糯米焙黄，去掉米使用，榆皮为引药，畏恶僵蚕、灯草、石龙芮。
按语：葶苈辛味走肺，苦味走心，膀胱是肺所统摄的，脾土是心所生的，所以都归入这些经络。葶苈会大伤肺气，渗泄下元，使用不当，杀人很快，稍微涉及虚证的都要忌用。有甜苦两种，苦性的太猛烈劣等，甜性的性质稍缓和。
Bitter and sweet, extremely cold in nature, toxic. Enters the twelve meridians. Primarily treats water distension (Shuizhang) and gu poison (Gudu), symptoms of abdominal masses, abdominal fullness, acute pain; induces sweating, promotes urination and defecation, regulates menstruation, and aborts pregnancy. Red adzuki bean (Chixiaodou) is used as a guide drug. It is incompatible with Chinese yam (Shanyao) and Acorus tatarinowii (Changpu). It is contrary to Licorice root (Gancao), Genkwa flower (Yuanhua), and Sargassum (Haizao).
Commentary: Daji possesses slight yang within yin. It expels water from the twelve meridians but can damage true qi; it should be used cautiously according to the patient's deficiency or excess condition.
Lei Gong stated: When using Daji, do not use wild-grown specimens. If ingested, it may cause uncontrollable leakage of qi; this toxicity can be resolved by administering Shepherd's purse seed (Qizi). Upon harvesting, finely chop on a locust wood cutting board, mix with leaves of Haiyang, steam from Si hour to Shen hour, remove the leaves, dry in the sun, and use.
Sour and pungent, cold in nature, toxic. Enters the spleen, bladder, and small intestine meridians. Primarily treats water distension (Shuizhang), gu poison (Gudu), hernia, mass accumulation (Zhenjia), abscesses, malignant sores, and abortion.
Commentary: Shanglu specializes in expelling water, similar to Daji. Water diseases arise from dysfunction of the bladder and small intestine, which the spleen deeply detests; thus, Shanglu enters these meridians. There are red and white varieties. The white variety is suitable for internal use; the red variety is toxic and only suitable for external application to reduce swelling. Ingestion can be fatal.
Lei Gong stated: When using Shanglu, do not use Chi Ge due to its similarity. Chi Ge wraps around the stem and has the effect of eliminating toxins in muscles and bones; therefore, it should not be ingested. Shanglu flowers are white. Specimens grown for many years were harvested by immortals to make dried meat-like slices, which could be consumed with wine. Before processing, scrape off the rough bark with a Ti knife, slice thinly, soak in east-flowing water for two nights, then drain. Steam in a steamer, alternating layers of bean leaves and Shanglu, steaming from Wu hour to Hai hour. Remove bean leaves, dry, finely chop, and use. If bean leaves are unavailable, beans alone may be used.
Pungent and bitter, cold in nature, slightly toxic. Enters the lung, heart, spleen, and bladder meridians. Primarily treats edema, qi stagnation, residual heat in the bladder, wheezing caused by lung qi deficiency, and phlegm syncope due to fluid retention. Roast with glutinous rice until yellow, discard the rice, and use. Elm bark (Yupi) is used as a guide drug. It is incompatible with Silkworm pupae (Jiangcan), Juncus effusus (Dengcao), and Ranunculus japonicus (Shilongrui).
Commentary: The pungency of Tingli enters the lung, and the bitterness enters the heart. The bladder is governed by the lung, and the spleen earth is generated by the heart fire; thus, it enters these meridians. Tingli severely damages lung qi and drains the lower origin. Improper use can lead to rapid death; it is contraindicated in cases involving any deficiency. There are sweet and bitter varieties. The bitter variety is too harsh and inferior; the sweet variety has a milder action.
Lei Gong stated: When using Tingli, do not use Chixuzi, which resembles true Tingli but has a slightly sweet and bitter taste. True Tingli seeds enter the crown. When processing, combine with glutinous rice...