味酸，性温无毒，入肝经，主胃脘气痰，症瘕积聚，产后血晕，去瘀生新，同胡粉止鼻
中血，同雄黄治蜂蝎蛇伤，渍黄 可治口疮，磨南星可敷瘤 ，调飞面堪涂痈肿，和锻石除
腋气，反蛤肉。
按∶经曰∶东方之木其味酸，醋之所以端入肝也，能伤筋损齿，不宜多食。
味甘，微温无毒，入肺脾二经。主和脾润肺，补虚止渴，消痰理嗽，建中敛汗。
按∶肺喜润，脾喜甘，宜饴糖之入二经也。建中汤用之，取其甘缓，丹溪以为能生胃火，
此损齿之因，非土制水，乃湿土生火也，中满呕吐及湿热之证，皆不宜服。
味甘，性平无毒，入肺脾二经。主伤中虚羸，补五内，益气力，润肌肤，填脑髓，坚筋
骨，疗金疮，止痛除疮，及伤寒温疟，大吐后虚热羸困，利大小肠，催生落胞，久服耳目聪
明，辟谷延年，水淘去浮者，酒蒸晒干，去粗皮，留薄皮。
按∶胡麻性润而味甘，脾肺之所由归也，仙经需为要药，取其补虚殊胜，脾家有火，大
肠燥结者，始为相宜，不然，恐有泄痢之患。
雷公云∶凡使有四件八棱者两头尖，紫黑色者，又呼胡麻，并是误也。其巨胜有七棱，
色赤味涩酸是真。又呼乌油麻，作巨胜，亦误者，修事一斤，先以水淘，浮去之，沉者漉出
令干，以酒拌蒸，从巳至亥，取出摊晒干，于臼中舂去粗皮一重，拌小豆，相对同炒，小豆
熟，即出去小豆，用之，上有薄皮留用，力在壳也。
醋：味酸，性温，无毒，归入肝经。主治胃脘部的气滞痰阻、症瘕积聚（腹内结块）、产后血晕，能祛除瘀血、生成新血。与胡粉同用可止鼻出血，与雄黄同用可治疗蜂、蝎、蛇咬伤。用水浸泡后可治口疮，研磨南星后可外敷于瘤赘，调和飞面可用于涂抹痈肿，与锻石合用可消除腋臭。与蛤肉相反。
按语：《内经》说：“东方属木，其味为酸”，醋因此端正地进入肝经。醋能损伤筋脉和牙齿，不宜多食。
饴糖：味甘，微温，无毒，归入肺、脾二经。主治调和脾胃、滋润肺脏，补虚损、止口渴，消痰涎、理咳嗽，建立中气、收敛汗液。
按语：肺喜润燥，脾喜甘味，所以饴糖适宜进入这两条经脉。建中汤中使用它，是取其甘缓之性。朱丹溪认为它能生胃火，这是损伤牙齿的原因。这并非“土制水”的机理，而是湿土生火的机理。对于中焦胀满、呕吐以及湿热证候，都不宜服用。
胡麻子：味甘，性平，无毒，归入肺、脾二经。主治内伤导致的虚弱消瘦，补益五脏，益气力，润泽肌肤，填补脑髓，坚固筋骨，治疗金创（金属利器造成的创伤），止痛并消除疮疡。还可治疗伤寒、温疟，在大吐之后出现的虚热、消瘦困倦症状，通利大小肠，催生胎儿、排出胞衣。长期服用可使耳目聪明，辟谷延年。使用时需用水淘洗去掉浮起的劣质者，用酒蒸后晒干，去除粗皮，保留薄皮。
按语：胡麻性质滋润且味甘，是脾肺两经所趋向的药物。仙家经典将其列为要药，是取其卓越的补虚功效。如果脾家有火，或者大肠干燥便秘的情况，才适宜使用；否则，恐怕会有腹泻痢疾的祸患。
雷公说：凡是使用的胡麻，如果有四件八棱、两头尖、紫黑色的，又被称为胡麻，这都是错误的认识。真正的巨胜（胡麻的一种）有七棱，颜色赤红、味道涩酸才是正宗的。又有人称之为乌油麻，当作巨胜来用，也是错误的。炮制一斤时，先用水淘洗，去掉浮起的部分，捞起沉下的部分晾干，用酒拌和后蒸制，从巳时到亥时，取出摊开晒干，在臼中舂去一层粗皮，与小豆一起相对炒制，小豆炒熟后，即去掉小豆，只使用胡麻，保留上面的薄皮，药效在于壳上。
Vinegar: Sour in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver Meridian. It primarily treats epigastric qi stagnation and phlegm accumulation, zheng jia ji ju (masses and accumulations in the abdomen), postpartum blood fainting. It removes blood stasis and generates new blood. Combined with Hu Fen (Lead Carbonate), it stops epistaxis. Combined with Xiong Huang (Realgar), it treats bites from bees, scorpions, and snakes. Soaked in water, it can treat mouth ulcers. Ground with Nan Xing (Arisaema Cum Bile), it can be applied externally to tumors. Mixed with Fei Mian (Refined Flour), it is suitable for applying to carbuncles and swelling. Combined with Duan Shi (Calamine), it eliminates axillary odor. It is incompatible with Ge Rou (Clam Meat).
Commentary: The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states, "The East corresponds to Wood, and its taste is sour." Thus, vinegar correctly enters the Liver Meridian. It can damage tendons and teeth, so it should not be consumed in excess.
Malt Sugar: Sweet in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Spleen Meridians. It primarily harmonizes the Spleen and moistens the Lungs, tonifies deficiency, relieves thirst, resolves phlegm, regulates cough, establishes the Middle Jiao, and consolidates sweat.
Commentary: The Lung prefers moisture, and the Spleen prefers sweetness; therefore, Malt Sugar is suitable for entering these two meridians. It is used in Jian Zhong Tang (Middle-Jiao Establishing Decoction) for its sweet and緩 (moderating/relaxing) properties. Zhu Danxi believed it could generate Stomach fire, which is the cause of dental damage. This mechanism is not "Earth controlling Water," but rather "Damp Earth generating Fire." It is not suitable for patients with middle-jiao fullness, vomiting, or damp-heat syndromes.
Sesame Seed: Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Spleen Meridians. It primarily treats internal injury leading to emaciation, tonifies the five Zang organs, boosts qi and strength, moistens skin and flesh, fills the brain marrow, strengthens sinews and bones, treats metal wounds, alleviates pain, and eliminates sores. It also treats Shang Han (Cold Damage), Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), and the weakness and fatigue with deficient heat following severe vomiting. It promotes bowel movements and urination, facilitates childbirth, and expels the placenta. Long-term consumption clarifies hearing and vision, aids in Bigu (grain avoidance) for longevity. Preparation: Wash with water to remove floating impurities, steam with wine, sun-dry, remove the coarse outer husk, and retain the thin inner skin.
Commentary: Sesame seeds are moistening and sweet, making them attractive to the Spleen and Lung meridians. Immortal classics list it as an essential herb due to its superior ability to tonify deficiency. It is only suitable when there is fire in the Spleen or dry constipation in the Large Intestine; otherwise, there is a risk of diarrhea and dysentery.
Lei Gong said: Regarding the preparation of Sesame Seeds, those with four items, eight edges, pointed ends, and purple-black color, often called "Hu Ma," are mistaken. The true Ju Sheng (Sesame) has seven edges, is reddish in color, and tastes astringent and sour. Calling it "Wu You Ma" (Black Oil Sesame) and treating it as Ju Sheng is also a mistake. To process one jin (approx. 500g): First wash with water, discard floating parts, and retrieve sinking parts. Dry them. Mix with wine and steam from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Hai hour (9-11 PM). Take out, spread, and sun-dry. Pound in a mortar to remove one layer of coarse husk. Stir-fry together with Adzuki beans until the beans are cooked. Remove the beans. Use the sesame seeds, retaining the thin skin, as the efficacy lies in the shell.