仲淳云∶交肠之病,大小便易位而出,或大怒,或因使醉饱,遂致脏气乖乱,不循常道,法宜宣
吐,以开提其气,阑门清利,得司泌别之职则愈矣。
治交肠应用诸药,大法宜升清降浊,兼补气淡渗,忌破气燥热。
治交肠方
升麻 柴胡〔升清。〕橘红 降香〔降浊。〕苏子 人
参白芍〔补气。〕茯苓 猪苓 泽泻 木通 车前 滑石〔淡渗。〕
仲淳曰∶不得大小便为关,是热在丹田也;吐逆水浆不得下为格,是寒反在胸中也。阴阳易位,故
上下俱病。宜先投辛香通窍、〔丁香、白蔻、龙脑香、苏合香。〕下降〔苏子、橘红、沉香。〕之
药,以治其上,次用苦寒〔知母、黄柏。〕下泄之药〔车前、木通、滑石、大黄。〕以通二便。此系急
症,不宜缓治,纵有里虚,后当议补。愚按∶论关格之脉,盛于平人四倍以上,为真阴败竭,必死之
症。仲淳宗丹溪立言,而景岳甚辟其非,谓岂有脉盛四倍以上而属寒之理。又按仲景曰∶关则不得小便,
格则吐逆。沈氏注言∶溺闭因丹田有热,吐逆因火炎上升。愚甚韪之。亦拟数品处治,大意以甘寒清热
下降为主,临症合宜则用治。关洛方。
治关格方
竹茹〔二、三钱。〕枇杷叶〔下气,止呕、数大片。〕麦冬〔五钱至二两。〕梨汁〔清
胃止呕。〕芦根汁、甘蔗浆。
〔各一杯,〕茅根〔三、四两捣。〕绿豆〔一合。〕茯苓〔皆止呕逆,又利小便。二、
三钱。〕煎浓汤,同诸汁和匀,频频饮之,外用大田螺〔二、三枚捣烂,入盐少许,敷脐下,取汁
数匙入药中,尤效。〕
顾仲淳说:交肠这种病,大小便的位置互换而出。有时是因为大怒,有时是因为饮酒后饱食,导致脏腑之气紊乱,不遵循正常的生理规律。治疗法则应当采用宣发涌吐的方法,以升提气机,使阑门(大肠与小肠交接处)清利,恢复其分别清浊的功能,疾病就能痊愈。
治疗交肠应使用的药物,大法则是宜升举清气、降泄浊气,兼用补气药和淡味渗湿药,忌用破气药和燥热药。
治疗交肠的方剂:
升麻、柴胡(作用:升举清气)。橘红、降香(作用:降泄浊气)。苏子、人参、白芍(作用:补益元气)。茯苓、猪苓、泽泻、木通、车前子、滑石(作用:淡味渗湿)。
顾仲淳又说:大小便不通称为“关”,这是热邪在丹田(下焦);呕吐逆阻,水浆无法咽下称为“格”,这是寒邪反客居在胸中(上焦)。阴阳位置颠倒,所以上下都发生病变。适宜先投用辛香通窍(丁香、白豆蔻、龙脑香、苏合香)、下降气机(苏子、橘红、沉香)的药物,来治疗上部的病症;其次使用苦寒(知母、黄柏)下泄的药物(车前子、木通、滑石、大黄),来通利大小便。这属于急症,不宜缓慢治疗,纵然有里虚的情况,也应在之后讨论补益之法。
我按语:论述关格的脉象,比正常人的脉象盛大四倍以上,这是真阴败竭的表现,是必死的病症。顾仲淳的观点宗承朱丹溪,但张景岳极力批评他的错误,认为哪有脉象盛大四倍以上却属于寒证的道理。我又按:张仲景说:“关则不得小便,格则吐逆。”沈氏注解说:“溺闭是因为丹田有热,吐逆是因为火炎上升。”我非常赞同这个观点。我也拟定了几种药材进行处置,大意是以甘寒清热、下降气机为主,临证时根据具体情况配合使用。这就是关洛方。
治疗关格的方剂:
竹茹(二、三钱)。枇杷叶(下气,止呕,数大片)。麦冬(五钱至二两)。梨汁(清胃止呕)。芦根汁、甘蔗浆(各一杯),白茅根(三、四两捣碎)。绿豆(一合)。茯苓(皆能止呕逆,又利小便,二、三钱)。煎成浓汤,与各种汁液混合均匀,频频饮用。外用大田螺(二、三枚捣烂,加入少许盐,敷于脐下,取汁几匙加入药中,尤其有效。)
Gu Zhongchun stated: The disease of Jiaochang (Intercrossed Bowels), characterized by the exchange of positions for urination and defecation, may be caused by severe anger or overindulgence in alcohol and food. This leads to the disorder of Zang-Fu Qi (Vital Energy of the Organs), causing them to deviate from their normal pathways. The treatment principle should involve inducing vomiting to lift and open the Qi mechanism. Once the Lanmen (the junction between the small and large intestines) is cleared and promoted, allowing it to resume its function of separating the clear from the turbid, the disease will heal.
The general principle for treating Jiaochang with various herbs is to raise the Clear and descend the Turbid, while simultaneously tonifying Qi and using bland-draining diuretics. Herbs that break Qi or are drying and hot should be avoided.
Formula for Treating Jiaochang:
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) [Function: Raise the Clear]. Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), Jiangxiang (Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum). Suzi (Perillae Fructus), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) [Function: Tonify Qi]. Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Cheqian (Plantaginis Semen), Huashi (Talcum) [Function: Bland-draining diuresis].
Gu Zhongchun also said: Inability to pass urine or stool is called "Guan" (Obstruction), indicating Heat in the Dantian (Lower Jiao); vomiting and inability to swallow water or food is called "Ge" (Rebellion), indicating Cold counterflow in the Chest (Upper Jiao). When Yin and Yang exchange positions, both the upper and lower parts become diseased. It is appropriate to first administer acrid-aromatic orifices-opening herbs (Dingxiang, Baikou, Longnaoxiang, Suhexiang) and Qi-descending herbs (Suzi, Juhong, Chenxiang) to treat the upper part, followed by bitter-cold downward-draining herbs (Zhimu, Huangbai) and herbs to unblock the bowels and bladder (Cheqian, Mutong, Huashi, Dahuang) to facilitate the passage of urine and stool. This is an acute condition and should not be treated slowly. Even if there is interior deficiency, tonification should be considered later.
My commentary: Regarding the pulse of Guan-Ge, if it is more than four times stronger than a normal person's pulse, it indicates the exhaustion of True Yin and is a fatal sign. Gu Zhongchun’s views were based on Zhu Danxi, but Zhang Jingyue strongly refuted them, arguing that it makes no sense for a pulse to be four times stronger yet belong to a Cold pattern. Furthermore, Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Guan results in the inability to urinate; Ge results in vomiting." Shen’s annotation explains: "Urinary retention is due to Heat in the Dantian; vomiting is due to Fire flaming upward." I highly approve of this view. I have also devised several herbs for treatment, primarily focusing on Sweet-Cold herbs to clear Heat and descend Qi, applied according to clinical appropriateness. This is the Guanluo Formula.
Formula for Treating Guan-Ge:
Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam), Pipaye (Eriobotryae Folium) [Descends Qi, stops vomiting, several large slices]. Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) [5 qian to 2 liang]. Lizhi (Pyrus Sinkiangensis Juice) [Clears Stomach, stops vomiting]. Lugenzhi (Phragmitis Rhizoma Juice), Ganzheshuang (Sacchari Tabulae Formosae Decoctum) [One cup each]. Maogen (Imperatae Rhizoma Juice) [3-4 liang, crushed]. Ludou (Phaseoli Radiatus Semen) [1 he]. Fuling (Poria) [All stop vomiting and promote urination, 2-3 qian]. Decoct into a thick liquid, mix evenly with all the juices, and drink frequently. Externally: Use large river snails (2-3 pieces, crushed, mixed with a little salt, applied below the umbilicus). Take a few spoons of the juice and add it to the medicine for enhanced efficacy.