凡麻症口臭，是火毒积于肠胃，若其人平日已然，又不以此论，只清胃降火，口臭
自平。若见唇口破裂，知为心脾二经热毒上
冲，初起色红血活，用清凉加以疏托，尚可解散。如见紫黑枯燥，血已凝滞，遂不易治。
没后见此，则心脾已败，必不免于危亡。若唇生疮，亦属胃热，每日用米泔水温洗十余
次，渐次消解。至于舌乃心之苗，舌苔薄热亦轻，舌苔浓热亦重，或生疮蕈，白屑肿痛，
皆心火炎灼，惧宜清凉疏利治之。惟黑苔枯燥起刺，火亢而兼水化，则胃败矣。凡出疹
之先，或有胃火，及出疹之后，余毒不散，热毒积聚于牙龈，若不知早为解毒，多变走马
疳症。又有热重切牙者，此阳隐于阴，必多渴而手足俱热，喜饮冷水，宜滋阴降火。如
食辛辣助热之物，必致下血，咽痛痰响而死。盖热毒上攻咽喉，轻则肿痛，重则汤水难下，
最为可虑。表邪郁遏疹毒，不能发舒于外，而咽喉肿痛者，元参升麻汤主之。里热壅盛，疹
已发于外，而咽喉作痛者，凉膈消毒饮主之。若热毒闭塞肺窍，以致失音，初出用元参升
麻汤，已出用加减凉膈散，没后宜儿茶散主之。
凡出疹最喜有汗，有汗则腠理开通，毒从汗解，但不可太过。如汗太多，用人参白
虎汤，或合黄连解毒汤治之。若皮肤干燥无汗，闭而难出，或致内攻，为腹胀气急等症。
此外为风寒所折，夏秋用轻剂宣发肌表，春冬用重剂升散寒邪。如果属火热，闭郁无汗，
必唇红破裂，二便结涩，浑身胀痛，多致喘促， 痰鸣，速用寒凉，清肺降火，俾肌
表透达而有汗，疹即随汗而尽出于外，后可无余毒，不然即成败症，故麻症始终以微汗
为吉。
凡是麻疹患者出现口臭，这是火毒积聚在肠胃所致。如果这个人平时就有口臭，就不属于这种情况讨论，只需清胃降火，口臭自然平息。如果看到嘴唇和口腔破裂，知道是心和脾两经的热毒向上冲逆，初期颜色红活，用清凉药配合疏托法治疗，还可以解散毒邪。如果看到颜色紫黑干枯，说明血液已经凝滞，于是变得不容易治疗。疹子消退后如果出现这种情况，说明心和脾的功能已经败坏，必然难免危亡。如果嘴唇生疮，也属于胃热，每天用米泔水（淘米水）温热清洗十多次，逐渐消除化解。至于舌头是心的外候，舌苔薄表示热邪轻，舌苔厚表示热邪重，或者生疮如菌状，有白屑且肿痛，都是心火炎灼所致，应当用清凉疏利的方法治疗。只有黑苔干枯起刺，这是火亢盛而兼有水液枯竭之象，说明胃气已败。凡是出疹之前，可能有胃火，以及出疹之后，余毒不散，热毒积聚在牙龈，如果不知道尽早解毒，很容易转变为走马疳症。又有热邪严重导致咬牙的，这是阳热隐伏于阴分，必定口渴且手足都发热，喜欢喝冷水，应当滋阴降火。如果食用辛辣助热的食物，必然导致便血、咽痛痰鸣而死。这是因为热毒向上攻冲咽喉，轻则肿痛，重则汤水难以下咽，最为令人担忧。表邪郁遏疹毒，不能向外发散，导致咽喉肿痛的，用元参升麻汤主治。里热壅盛，疹子已经发于体表，但咽喉仍然疼痛的，用凉膈消毒饮主治。如果热毒闭塞肺窍，导致失音，初出时用元参升麻汤，已出时用加减凉膈散，疹退后宜用儿茶散主治。
凡是出疹最喜见有汗，有汗则腠理开通，毒邪随汗而解，但不可出汗过多。如果汗出太多，用人参白虎汤，或者合黄连解毒汤治疗。如果皮肤干燥无汗，闭塞难出，或者导致毒邪内攻，出现腹胀气急等症状。此外如果是被风寒所遏制，夏秋季节用轻剂宣发肌表，春冬季节用重剂升散寒邪。如果确实属于火热闭郁无汗，必定嘴唇红裂，大小便结涩，浑身胀痛，多导致喘促、痰鸣，必须速用寒凉药，清肺降火，使肌表透达而有汗，疹子随即随汗全部透出体外，之后可无余毒，不然就会变成败症，所以麻疹始终以微汗为吉兆。
Whenever a patient with measles presents with halitosis, it is due to the accumulation of fire-toxin in the stomach and intestines. If the person has had this condition habitually, it is not discussed here; one should merely clear the stomach and descend fire, and the halitosis will naturally subside. If cracks are seen on the lips and mouth, it indicates that heat-toxin from the Heart and Spleen meridians is rushing upward. In the early stage, if the color is red and the blood circulation is active, using cooling herbs combined with dispersing and supporting methods can still resolve the pathogen. If the color appears purple-black and dry, it signifies that the blood has stagnated, making it difficult to treat. If this occurs after the rash has subsided, it indicates that the Heart and Spleen functions have failed, inevitably leading to critical danger. If sores appear on the lips, it also belongs to stomach heat; washing with warm rice water (Mi Gan Shui) more than ten times daily will gradually resolve it. The tongue is the sprout of the Heart; a thin coating indicates mild heat, while a thick coating indicates severe heat. Sores resembling mushrooms, white debris, swelling, and pain all result from blazing Heart-fire, which should be treated with cooling and draining methods. Only when the coating is black, dry, and prickly does it indicate excessive fire accompanied by fluid exhaustion, signifying the failure of Stomach Qi. Before the eruption of measles, there may be stomach fire; after the eruption, if residual toxin remains unresolved and heat-toxin accumulates in the gums, failing to detoxify early often leads to the transformation into Gangrene of the Running Horse (Zou Ma Gan). Severe teeth-grinding caused by heavy heat indicates yang-heat hidden within yin, accompanied by thirst, hot hands and feet, and a preference for cold water; this requires nourishing yin and descending fire. Consuming spicy and heat-assisting foods will inevitably lead to hematochezia, sore throat, and death due to rattling phlegm, as heat-toxin attacks the throat upwards. Mild cases present with swelling and pain, while severe cases make swallowing liquids difficult, which is most concerning. When exterior pathogens constrain the measles toxin, preventing its outward release, resulting in throat swelling and pain, Yuanshen Shengma Tang (Scrophulariae Radix and Cimicifugae Rhizoma Decoction) is the primary formula. When interior heat is congested and abundant, and the rash has erupted externally but the throat still hurts, Liangge Xiaodu Yin (Cool the Diaphragm Detoxification Drink) is indicated. If heat-toxin blocks the lung orifices causing aphonia, use Yuanshen Shengma Tang during the initial eruption, Jiajian Liangge San (Modified Powder to Cool the Diaphragm) after eruption, and Ercha San (Terra Rubra Powder) after resolution.
The most favorable sign in measles is sweating; sweating opens the couli (pores), allowing toxin to resolve through sweat, but excessive sweating must be avoided. If sweating is too profuse, Renshen Baizhu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction) or a combination with Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity) should be used. If the skin is dry without sweat, causing obstruction and difficulty in eruption, or leading to internal attack manifesting as abdominal distension and rapid breathing, treatment differs. If constrained by wind-cold, use light agents to ventilate the muscle layer in summer and autumn, and heavy agents to ascend and disperse cold pathogens in spring and winter. If it is indeed heat-fire causing closure and anhidrosis, characterized by red cracked lips, constipation of stool and urine, whole-body distension and pain, often leading to panting and phlegm rattle, cold and cool herbs must be used urgently to clear the lungs and descend fire. This allows the muscle layer to penetrate and produce sweat, so the rash emerges completely with the sweat, leaving no residual toxin; otherwise, it becomes a fatal syndrome. Therefore, slight sweating is always auspicious in measles.