胀之功。无咸寒作泻之患。其功倍于紫草。故以紫草茸呼之。实非紫草同类也。其性甘咸平。有小
毒。（近时人多不知此品。故附入于此。）
【红花】（又名红蓝花）能行男子血脉。通妇人经水。活血。解痘麻毒。散赤肿。治产后血晕。及胎
死腹中。少则养血。多则行血。过用使人血不止。且性兼上行。不可不知。亦主蛊毒下血。
【白茅根】降除伏热。利小便。止渴。治吐衄便尿诸血。
【净白茅花】入肺。性上升。散热止衄。
【鲜射干】治咳逆上气。喉痹、咽痛。不得消息。散结气。除腹中邪热。食饮大热等候。
【竹茹】专清胃府之热。为虚烦、烦渴、胃虚、呕逆、要药。咳逆唾血。产后虚烦。无不宜之。
性虽寒而滑。能利窍。可无郁遏客邪之虑。
【汉防己】去身半以下湿热。善走下行。长于除湿。主下焦血分之病。除邪。利大小便。去风
寒温疟热气诸病。疗水肿、膀胱热。通腠理。利九窍。大抵二便不利、下焦湿热者。可用。（凡上焦
湿热忌用。）其苗名木防己。
【当归】入心、脾、肝。凡血受病。及诸病夜甚者。必须用之。专破恶血。养心血。润肠胃。荣
筋。泽皮肤。理痈疽。排脓止痛。和营血。散内寒。身能养血。尾能行血。乃血中气药。故咳逆上气。
阴虚、阳无所附者。用之补阴。则血和气降矣。
【牡丹皮】入心、肾、心胞络、肝经。治血中伏火。故相火胜肾。无汗骨蒸。为专药。其味辛气
窜。能开发陷伏之邪外散。故主治寒热中风、螈 、惊痫等证。症坚瘀血。留舍肠胃五脏。及阴虚
吐血、衄血、必用之药。有行瘀血、生好血、破积生新、引血归经之功。（能走泄精液。汗多自汗
者。忌用。然性专散血。痛疮初起用之、恐致根脚散阔、及妇人血崩。与经行过期不净属虚寒者。
俱禁用。）
【银杏】（又名白果）能定喘。生嚼止白浊降痰。消毒杀虫。涂鼻面手足。去 。生捣能浣油
腻。同汞捣浆衣被。杀虫虱。去痰垢之功。可例推矣。熟则壅遏闭气。冬食。令人颅胀昏闷。凡食此
过多。胀闷欲死者。急以鹅翎蘸香油于喉中搅之。得吐则生。或以粪清灌之亦可。
【元胡索】入脾、胃。能活血止痛。治小便尿血。炮炙论曰。心痛欲死。急觅元胡。以其能散
胃脘气血滞痛也。善行血中气滞。气中血滞。性走而不守。惟有瘀滞者宜之。麻证腰疼。在未收之
前生用。已收之后醋炒用。
【金KT 石斛】入脾、胃。甘可悦脾。故浓肠胃而治伤中。咸能益肾。故益精气而补虚羸。为治
胃中虚热之专药。又能坚筋骨、强腰膝。骨痿脾弱。囊湿精少。小便余沥者宜之。麻后不食。多用
与服。即能食。
【蒲黄】入心胞络、肝经。治血止痛。生则行血。炒则止血。生炒并用。则能逐瘀生新。主心
腹膀胱寒热。利小便。止血。消瘀血。凡妇人麻证。正产坠胎。天癸正临及妄行等候。必需之药。
【牡蛎】治伤寒亡阳汗脱。
【败蒲扇】【败蒲席】汗积日久。咸寒相济。故用以烧灰。扑身止汗。其用蒲扇者。乃取扇
动招风止汗之义耳。非谓蒲能禁汗也。
【紫芫花】（陈者良。水浸一宿。晒干。醋炒以去其毒。反甘草）。消痰饮水肿。治咳逆、咽
痛、疝瘕、痈毒。逐水泻湿。能直达水饮窠囊隐僻处。取效甚捷。不可过剂。泄人元气。又能泻肝经水
蓄之证。勿因其为放水之品。于麻疹水蓄之候。置而不用。
【百部根】（肥白者良。抽去心用。不去心用则生烦闷。但其气温）。为杀虫要药。故肺热痨瘵
喘嗽有寸白虫者宜之。蛲虫痢及传尸骨蒸多用之。凡肺胃寒者宜之。麻证有生肺痈者权用。又以水浓煎
。洗牛马虱。树木虫蛀。用填孔中。更削杉木塞之。其虫即死。杀虫之功。于此可见。
【陈皮】入脾、肺气分。治胸中痰热逆气。为消痰运食之要药。留白则补脾胃。去白则理肺
气。能泻肺损脾。理气燥湿。为麻疹之禁药。元咳者用留白陈皮。
【樗根白皮】苦温有毒。入气分。暴痢滞者宜之。
【槐花】入大肠、胃、心胞络、肝经。治大小便血。目赤肿痛。肠风下血。痔血脏毒。
【辰砂】主身体五脏百病。养精神、安魂魄。益气明目。杀精魅邪恶鬼。久服通神不老。
【龙胆草】性沉降。治肝经邪热。下焦湿热。目赤肿。瘀肉。小儿肝气。去肠中小虫。惊痫。与
湿热邪气之在中下二焦者。非此不除。以其专伐肝胆之邪也。
【桃仁】入心胞络、肝经。为血瘀、血闭之专药。虽苦能泄血滞。甘可生新血。毕竟破血之功
居多。治热入血室。瘀积、 瘕、经闭、疟母等候。而麻证心腹痛、大肠闭结、亦有权用者。
【百合】补土消瘀止嗽。利小便。散积蓄之邪。主邪气腹心痛。然性专降。泻中气。故麻证亦
间有用者。（虚寒。二便清泄者忌用。）
【侧柏叶】性寒而燥。大能伐胃。虽有止血之功。而无阳生阴长之力。（亡血虚家。不宜擅
用。）
【麻黄】去根节。汤泡去沫。晾用。麻证用酒同蜜炒。须去根。若连根用。令人汗不绝。入
膀胱。乃肺经之专药。故治肺病多用之。去皮毛气分寒邪。以泄寒实。盖皮毛外闭。邪热内攻。肺气拂
郁。乃卫实之候。宜用之以发汗。若过汗则汗多亡阳。（饮食劳倦。及杂病自汗。表虚之证用之。则脱
人元气。祸患莫测。）故麻证不轻用。以麻黄根专能止汗。但不宜连根而用。
具有消除胀满的功效。没有咸寒药物导致腹泻的弊端。其功效比紫草强数倍，因此被称为“紫草茸”，但实际上并非紫草同类。其药性甘、咸、平，有小毒。（近代人多不了解此药，故附录于此。）
【红花】（又名红蓝花）能疏通男子血脉，通调妇女月经。具有活血作用，可解除痘疹和麻疹的毒素，消散红肿，治疗产后血晕，以及胎死腹中。用量少则养血，用量多则行血。过量使用会导致出血不止。且其药性兼有上行趋势，这一点不可不知。也主治蛊毒引起的下血。
【白茅根】降低并清除潜伏的热邪，利尿通淋，止渴，治疗吐血、衄血、便血、尿血等各种出血症。
【鲜射干】治疗咳嗽气逆，喉痹、咽痛，呼吸不畅。散结气，清除腹中的邪热，以及饮食积滞化热等证候。
【竹茹】专门清泄胃腑的热邪，是治疗虚烦、烦渴、胃虚、呕吐逆气的要药。对于咳嗽气逆、唾血、产后虚烦，无不适宜。其性虽寒而滑利，能通利窍道，不必担心会郁遏留住宿邪。
【汉防己】祛除身体下半部分的湿热，善于下行，长于除湿。主治下焦血分的疾病，驱除邪气，通利大小便，去除风寒温疟及热气等各种病症。治疗水肿、膀胱热，通达腠理，通利九窍。大抵而言，二便不利、下焦湿热的患者可以使用。（凡是上焦湿热者忌用。）其苗称为木防己。
【当归】入心、脾、肝经。凡是血液受病，以及各种疾病在夜间加重的情况，必须使用它。专门破除恶血，滋养心血，润燥肠胃，荣养筋脉，润泽皮肤，调理痈疽，排脓止痛，调和营血，散除内寒。归身能养血，归尾能行血，是血分中的气药。因此，对于咳嗽气逆、阴虚导致阳气无所依附的情况，用它来补阴，则血和气自然下降。
【牡丹皮】入心、肾、心包络、肝经。治疗血中伏火，因此对于相火亢盛伤肾、无汗骨蒸等症状，是专用药物。其味辛气窜，能开发陷入体内的邪气使其外散。因此主治寒热、中风、抽搐、惊痫等证候，以及症坚、瘀血留驻肠胃五脏的情况，也是阴虚吐血、衄血必用的药物。具有行瘀血、生好血、破积生新、引血归经的功效。（但能走泄精液，多汗、自汗者忌用。然而其性专于散血，疮疡初起时使用，恐怕会导致病灶扩散；以及妇人血崩，与经期过期不净属于虚寒者，均禁用。）
【银杏】（又名白果）能平定喘息，生嚼可止白浊、降痰，消毒杀虫。涂抹于鼻面手足，可去除……（原文此处似有缺字或指代不明，依文意推测为某种皮肤疾患或污垢）。生捣能洗涤油腻，与汞一起捣成浆涂衣被，可杀虫虱。去痰垢的功效，可以由此类推。煮熟后则壅遏闭气，冬季食用，令人头部胀闷昏沉。凡食用过多，感到胀闷欲死者，急用鹅翎蘸香油在喉中搅动催吐，吐出即可生还。或者灌服粪清也可以。
【元胡索】入脾、胃经。能活血止痛，治疗小便尿血。炮炙论述中说：“心痛欲死，急觅元胡。”因为它能散除胃脘气血的滞痛。善于运行血中的气滞和气中的血滞，药性走而不守，只有瘀滞者适宜使用。麻疹证见腰痛，在未收靥之前生用，已收靥之后醋炒使用。
【金钗石斛】入脾、胃经。甘味可悦脾，因此浓润肠胃而治疗中焦损伤。咸味能益肾，因此益精气而补虚羸。是治疗胃中虚热的专用药物。又能坚固筋骨、强壮腰膝。骨痿脾弱、囊湿精少、小便余沥者适宜使用。麻疹后食欲不振，多用此药服用，即能进食。
【蒲黄】入心包络、肝经。治疗血证并止痛。生用则行血，炒用则止血。生用和炒用并用，则能逐瘀生新。主治心腹膀胱寒热，利尿，止血，消瘀血。凡是妇女麻疹证，正产、坠胎，天癸正当来临及妄行等情况，都是必需的药物。
【牡蛎】治疗伤寒亡阳导致的汗脱。
【败蒲扇】【败蒲席】蒲草汁液积聚日久，咸寒相互济助，因此将其烧成灰，扑在身上以止汗。使用蒲扇的意思，是取扇动招风以止汗的含义罢了，并不是说蒲草本身能禁止出汗。
【紫芫花】（陈年的较好，用水浸泡一夜，晒干，用醋炒以去除其毒性，反甘草）。消除痰饮和水肿，治疗咳嗽气逆、咽痛、疝瘕、痈毒。逐水泻湿，能直达水饮积聚的隐蔽之处，取效非常迅速。不可过量，以免损伤人体元气。又能泻除肝经水蓄积的证候。不要因为它是放水之品，而在麻疹出现水蓄积的时候置之不用。
【百部根】（肥大白色的较好，抽去心使用，不去心使用则会产生烦闷，但其气温）。是杀虫的要药。因此肺热痨瘵、喘嗽伴有寸白虫者适宜使用。蛲虫痢疾及传尸骨蒸多用此药。凡是肺胃寒者适宜使用。麻疹证中有生肺痈的，权且使用。又用水浓煎，清洗牛马身上的虱子，树木虫蛀，用药液填入孔中，再削杉木塞住，虫子即死。杀虫的功效，由此可见一斑。
【陈皮】入脾、肺气分。治疗胸中痰热逆气，是消痰运食的要药。保留白瓤则补脾胃，去掉白瓤则理肺气。能泻肺损脾，理气燥湿，是麻疹治疗的禁忌药物。如果是元咳（久咳），使用保留白瓤的陈皮。
【槐花】入大肠、胃、心包络、肝经。治疗大小便出血，目赤肿痛，肠风下血，痔血脏毒。
【辰砂】主治身体五脏百病，养精神、安魂魄，益气明目，杀精魅邪恶鬼。长期服用通神不老。
【龙胆草】药性沉降，治疗肝经邪热，下焦湿热，目赤肿，瘀肉，小儿肝气，去除肠中小虫，惊痫。对于湿热邪气在中下二焦的情况，非此药不能清除。因为它专门攻伐肝胆之邪。
【桃仁】入心包络、肝经。是血瘀、血闭的专用药物。虽然苦能泄血滞，甘可生新血，但毕竟破血的功效居多。治疗热入血室，瘀积、瘕块、经闭、疟母等情况。而麻疹证中心腹痛、大肠闭结的，也有权且使用的情况。
【百合】补土消瘀止咳，利小便，散积蓄之邪。主治邪气引起的腹心痛。然而其性专于降泄，泻中气，因此麻疹证中也偶尔有用到的情况。（虚寒，二便清泄者忌用。）
【侧柏叶】性寒而燥，大能伐胃。虽然有止血的功效，但没有阳生阴长的力量。（亡血虚家，不宜擅自使用。）
【麻黄】去掉根和节，用汤泡去沫，晾干使用。麻疹证用酒同蜜炒，必须去根。如果连根使用，会让人汗出不止。入膀胱经，是肺经的专用药。因此治疗肺病多用它。去除皮毛气分的寒邪，以泄寒实。盖因皮毛外闭，邪热内攻，肺气拂郁，这是卫实之候，适宜用它来发汗。如果发汗过度，则汗多亡阳。（饮食劳倦，以及杂病自汗，表虚之证如果使用它，则会脱人元气，祸患莫测。）因此麻疹证不轻易使用麻黄，因为麻黄根专门能止汗，但不宜连根一起使用。
Possesses the efficacy of eliminating distension. It does not carry the risk of diarrhea caused by salty-cold purgatives. Its potency is several times that of *Zicao* (Radix Arnebiae / Radix Lithospermi), hence it is called "Zicaorong" (Purple Grass Fuzz), but it is actually not of the same category as *Zicao*. Its nature is sweet, salty, and neutral, with slight toxicity. (In recent times, many people are unfamiliar with this herb, so it is appended here.)
[Honghua] (Also known as Honglanhua) can promote blood circulation in men's vessels and regulate menstruation in women. It invigorates blood, resolves toxins from smallpox and measles, dissipates redness and swelling, treats postpartum blood syncope, and fetal death retained in the uterus. A small dose nourishes blood, while a large dose promotes blood circulation. Overuse may cause uncontrollable bleeding. Moreover, its action tends to ascend upward; this must be noted. It also treats lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gu poison.
[Baimaogen] Lowers and clears latent heat, promotes urination, relieves thirst, and treats various hemorrhagic conditions such as hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, and hematuria.
[Jing Baimaohua] Enters the Lung meridian. Its nature ascends. It clears heat and stops epistaxis.
[Xian Shegan] Treats cough with rebellious qi, throat obstruction (houbi), sore throat, and difficulty breathing. It dissipates nodular qi, removes pathogenic heat from the abdomen, and addresses conditions such as dietary stagnation transforming into heat.
[Zhuru] Specifically clears heat from the Stomach fu organ. It is an essential herb for treating deficiency irritability, vexatious thirst, stomach deficiency, and vomiting/rebellious qi. It is suitable for cough with rebellious qi, spitting blood, and postpartum deficiency irritability. Although its nature is cold and slippery, it can unblock orifices without the concern of trapping pathogenic factors.
[Han Fangji] Expels damp-heat from the lower half of the body. It moves downward effectively and excels at removing dampness. It primarily treats diseases of the blood level in the Lower Jiao, expels pathogens, and promotes bowel and urinary movements. It treats wind-cold, warm malaria, and other heat-related conditions. It manages edema and bladder heat, opens interstices, and benefits the nine orifices. Generally, it can be used for patients with difficult urination/defecation and damp-heat in the Lower Jiao. (It is contraindicated for damp-heat in the Upper Jiao.) Its aerial parts are called Mufangji.
[Danggui] Enters the Heart, Spleen, and Liver meridians. It must be used whenever blood pathology occurs or when various diseases worsen at night. It specifically breaks down evil blood, nourishes Heart blood, moistens the intestines and stomach, enriches sinews, and lusters the skin. It regulates carbuncles and sores, drains pus, and alleviates pain. It harmonizes Ying blood and disperses internal cold. The root body nourishes blood, while the tail promotes blood circulation. It is the Qi-moving herb within the Blood category. Therefore, for cough with rebellious qi and Yin deficiency where Yang has no anchor, using it to tonify Yin allows Blood and Qi to descend harmoniously.
[Mudanpi] Enters the Heart, Kidney, Pericardium, and Liver meridians. It treats latent fire in the blood. Thus, it is a specific remedy for ministerial fire hyperactivity injuring the Kidney and bone-steaming tidal fever without sweating. Its pungent taste and penetrating aroma allow it to release trapped pathogens outward. Hence, it treats alternating chills and fever, wind-stroke, convulsions, and epilepsy. It is also essential for hard masses, blood stasis lodged in the intestines, stomach, and five zang organs, as well as Yin deficiency causing hematemesis and epistaxis. It has the functions of moving blood stasis, generating good blood, breaking accumulations to generate new tissue, and guiding blood back to its vessels. (However, it can leak essence; it is contraindicated for those with excessive sweating or spontaneous sweating. Since its nature specializes in dispersing blood, it is contraindicated in the early stage of painful sores, as it may cause the lesion to spread widely, and in cases of uterine bleeding or prolonged menstrual flow due to deficiency-cold.)
[Yinxing] (Also known as Baiguo) can calm asthma. Chewing raw stops leukorrhea and reduces phlegm. It detoxifies and kills parasites. Applied to the nose, face, hands, and feet, it removes [skin issues]. Raw and crushed, it washes away grease. Mixed with mercury and pounded into a paste for clothing, it kills lice. Its ability to remove phlegm stains can be inferred similarly. When cooked, it causes Qi stagnation and closure. Eating it in winter causes head distension and dizziness. If eaten in excess, causing severe distension and suffocation, immediately stir the throat with a goose feather dipped in sesame oil to induce vomiting, which saves life. Alternatively,灌ing fecal fluid works too.
[Yuanhusuo] Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It invigorates blood and alleviates pain, treating hematuria. Pharmacological texts state: "For heart pain nearing death, urgently seek Yuanhu," because it disperses Qi and blood stagnation pain in the epigastrium. It excels at moving Qi stagnation in blood and blood stagnation in Qi. Its nature moves freely and does not stay put, making it suitable only for stagnation. For lumbar pain in measles, use raw before resolution, and vinegar-processed after resolution.
[Jinchan Shihu] Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. Sweetness pleases the Spleen, thus thickening the intestines and stomach to treat middle-jiao injury. Saltyness benefits the Kidney, thus replenishing essence and Qi to tonify emaciation. It is a specific herb for treating deficiency heat in the Stomach. It also strengthens bones and sinews and fortifies the waist and knees. It is suitable for bone萎 (osteomalacia), Spleen weakness, damp scrotum, scanty essence, and dribbling urine. For poor appetite after measles, administering it frequently restores eating.
[Puhuang] Enters the Pericardium and Liver meridians. Treats blood disorders and alleviates pain. Raw form moves blood; roasted form stops bleeding. Using both forms together drives out stasis and generates new blood. It treats alternating cold and heat in the Heart, abdomen, and Bladder, promotes urination, stops bleeding, and eliminates blood stasis. It is an essential herb for women with measles during childbirth, miscarriage, natural menstruation onset, or abnormal uterine bleeding.
[Muli] Treats Yang collapse and sweat depletion caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan).
[Bai Pushan] & [Bai Puxi] The juice accumulated in rush mats over time becomes salty-cold. Thus, they are burned to ash and dusted on the body to stop sweating. Using rush fans implies the meaning of fanning to attract wind and stop sweating, not that rush itself inhibits sweating.
[Zi Yuanhua] (Older material is better. Soak in water overnight, dry, and process with vinegar to reduce toxicity; incompatible with Gancao). Eliminates phlegm-fluid retention and edema. Treats cough with rebellious qi, sore throat, hernia masses, and carbuncle toxins. Drains water and dampness, reaching hidden pockets of fluid retention with rapid effect. Do not overdose, as it damages healthy Qi. It also drains water accumulation in the Liver meridian. Do not omit it during measles complicated by water retention simply because it is a diuretic.
[Baibu Gen] (Plump and white ones are best. Remove the core; leaving it causes irritability, though its nature is warm). It is a key herb for killing parasites. Thus, it is suitable for lung heat tuberculosis, wheezing cough with Ascaris (inchworms), pinworm dysentery, and consumption with bone-steaming fever. It is suitable for Lung and Stomach cold. In measles cases developing lung abscess, it is used cautiously. Boiled strongly in water, it washes lice off cattle and horses. For tree borers, fill holes with it and plug with cedar wood to kill insects. Its parasiticidal power is evident here.
[Chenpi] Enters the Qi aspect of the Spleen and Lung. Treats phlegm-heat and rebellious Qi in the chest. It is a key herb for resolving phlegm and promoting digestion. Retaining the white pith tonifies the Spleen and Stomach; removing it regulates Lung Qi. It can drain the Lung and damage the Spleen, regulate Qi, and dry dampness. It is a contraindicated herb for measles. For chronic cough, use Chenpi with the white pith retained.
[Chu Gen Bai Pi] Bitter, warm, and toxic. Enters the Qi aspect. Suitable for acute dysentery with stagnation.
[Huaihua] Enters the Large Intestine, Stomach, Pericardium, and Liver meridians. Treats hematochezia and hematuria, red and swollen eyes, intestinal wind bleeding, hemorrhoidal bleeding, and visceral toxin.
[Chensha] Primarily treats various diseases of the five zang organs. Nourishes spirit, calms魂魄 (ethereal soul and corporeal soul), benefits Qi and vision, and exorcises evil spirits. Long-term use brings spiritual clarity and longevity.
[Longdan Cao] Nature is heavy and sinking. Treats pathogenic heat in the Liver meridian and damp-heat in the Lower Jiao. Reduces red, swollen eyes, fleshy growths, pediatric Liver Qi issues, and intestinal parasites. Treats epilepsy. It is indispensable for clearing damp-heat pathogens in the Middle and Lower Jiao, as it specifically attacks Liver and Gallbladder pathogens.
[Taoren] Enters the Pericardium and Liver meridians. It is a specific herb for blood stasis and blood obstruction. Although bitterness drains blood stasis and sweetness generates new blood, its blood-breaking power predominates. It treats heat entering the blood chamber, blood accumulations, masses, amenorrhea, and malaria spleen enlargement. In measles cases with abdominal pain and large intestine constipation, it is occasionally used cautiously.
[Baihe] Tonifies Earth, resolves stasis, stops cough, promotes urination, and dissipates accumulated pathogens. Treats abdominal pain caused by pathogens. However, its nature is specifically descending and drains Middle Qi. Thus, it is occasionally used in measles cases. (Contraindicated for deficiency-cold with clear urination and loose stools.)
[Cebai Ye] Nature is cold and drying. It severely damages the Stomach. Although it stops bleeding, it lacks the power of Yang generating Yin. (Not suitable for those with blood loss and deficiency.)
[Mahuang] Remove roots and joints, soak in decoction to remove foam, and dry. For measles, process with wine and honey. Roots must be removed; using them causes continuous sweating. It enters the Bladder meridian and is a specific herb for the Lung meridian. Thus, it is often used for Lung diseases. It expels cold pathogens from the skin and Qi level to drain cold excess. When pores are closed externally, pathogenic heat attacks internally, and Lung Qi is obstructed, this is a Wei-excess condition, requiring Ma Huang to induce sweating. Excessive sweating leads to Yang collapse from sweat loss. (For exterior deficiency conditions like spontaneous sweating due to diet/labor fatigue or miscellaneous diseases, using it depletes healthy Qi with unpredictable consequences.) Therefore, Ma Huang is rarely used in measles. Note that Ma Huang Gen specifically stops sweating, but roots should not be used together with the stem.