麻科一症。内经未尝谈及。近行世诸书。皆云麻禀阳毒。药宜凉解。其说是矣。但麻之将出。
热亦三日。体亦微汗。须慎风寒。戒荤腥。苗以红活为贵。若饮食有味。二便如常。自可勿药有喜。
惟小儿平日气体壮实。饮食易化。出麻时恶热喜冷。大便结而燥。小便赤而短。口鼻出气如火。得
一二凉剂。而火退矣。倘多服凉剂。变症百出。或神目昏暗。或手足螈 。或寒热乍发。或吐泻交
作。舌虽黑而有液。唇虽焦而带凉。此乃实热化为虚寒。若概用寒冷克削。势必驱之于不活而后
已。窃谓当此吃紧之时。急用峻补二三剂。继用平补二三荆。峻补宜近效汤。平补宜理中汤。二汤
重加分两。有鬼神不测之机。有造化可回之力。仲景所谓补天手段者。此其候也。愿以质诸世之知医者。
近效汤（时方）
大川附（熟附不用） 漂白术（焦术不用） 炙甘草 生姜（三片） 红枣（四枚）引。
理中汤（经方）
漂白术 老干姜 潞党参 炙甘草 不用引。
上补论一首。并附二方。盖庐陵王耕心茂才。尝出方经验。而创此论也。顷重刻麻科活人全
书工甫竣。获见之。其意旨全书中亦尝论及。阅者或致忽略。因附刻于后。以为神而明之者一助。
麻疹这一病症，《黄帝内经》中未曾提及。近代流传的医书，都说麻疹禀受的是阳毒，用药应当以清凉解毒为主。这种说法是正确的。但是，在麻疹即将发出之前，患儿也会发热三天，身体也有微汗，此时必须小心防范风寒，禁止食用荤腥食物。疹点以红润鲜活为贵。如果饮食正常，大小便如常，自然可以不用药而自愈痊愈。
只有那些平日体质壮实的小儿，饮食容易消化，在出麻疹时表现为怕热喜冷，大便干结燥硬，小便赤红短少，口鼻呼出的气息像火一样烫人。服用一两剂凉性药物后，火热之象就会消退。倘若过多服用凉性药物，就会变生各种症候：有的出现神志昏沉、双目昏暗；有的出现手足抽搐；有的寒热交替发作；有的呕吐腹泻同时发生。此时舌苔虽然发黑但仍有津液，嘴唇虽然焦裂但触之尚凉。这是实热转化为虚寒的表现。如果一概使用寒冷克削的药物，势必会将患儿推向死亡境地才肯罢休。我认为在此紧要关头，应当紧急使用峻补药物二三剂，随后使用平和补益药物二三剂。峻补宜选用近效汤，平补宜选用理中汤。这两张方子加重分量，具有鬼神莫测的神奇功效，有扭转造化、挽回生命的力量。这正是张仲景所说的“补天手段”。希望将此观点请教给世间懂医术的人。
近效汤（时方）
大川附子（熟附子不用）、漂白白术（焦白术不用）、炙甘草、生姜（三片）、红枣（四枚）作为引经药。
理中汤（经方）
漂白白术、老干姜、潞党参、炙甘草。不需要引经药。
以上是一篇补论，并附上两个方子。这是庐陵人王耕心茂才曾经出示过有效的方子，并由此创立了这篇论述。最近重刻《麻科活人全书》刚刚完工，我才得以见到它。其主旨在全书中也曾论及，读者可能会忽略，因此将其附刻在后面，以为那些能够神明其意者提供一点帮助。
The disease of measles (Mazhen) was not discussed in the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon). Modern circulating medical books all state that measles is endowed with Yang-toxin, and medication should be cool and resolving. This view is correct. However, before the measles rash erupts, there is also fever for three days, and the body has slight sweating. One must be cautious against wind-cold and avoid meat and fish. The rash spots are most valuable when they are red and vibrant. If appetite is normal and urination and defecation are regular, one can naturally recover without medication.
Only for children who are usually physically robust and digest food easily, presenting with aversion to heat and preference for cold during eruption, dry and hard stools, dark and scanty urine, and breath hot as fire from mouth and nose: after taking one or two doses of cooling agents, the fire-heat subsides. If too many cooling agents are taken, various complications may arise: some present with dull spirit and dim vision; some with convulsions of hands and feet; some with alternating chills and fever; some with simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea. Although the tongue coating is black, there is still fluid; although lips are scorched, they feel cool to touch. This is real heat transforming into deficiency-cold. If cold and draining agents are generally used, it will inevitably drive the patient to death. I believe that at this critical moment, urgent use of strong tonification for two or three doses, followed by mild tonification for two or three doses, is necessary. Strong tonification should use Jinxiao Tang (Near-Efficiency Decoction), and mild tonification should use Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction). These two formulas, when dosed heavily, possess miraculous efficacy beyond human comprehension and the power to reverse fate. This is what Zhang Zhongjing referred to as "the means to mend heaven." I wish to submit this to those among the world who understand medicine.
Jinxiao Tang (Contemporary Formula)
Chuan Fuzi (Sichuan Aconite Lateral Root) [cooked aconite not used], Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) [charred not used], Zhi Gancao (Prepared Licorice Root), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger, 3 slices), Hongzao (Chinese Jujube Fruit, 4 pieces) as guides.
Lizhong Tang (Classic Formula)
Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix), Zhi Gancao (Prepared Licorice Root). No guides needed.
Above is one supplement discussion, accompanied by two formulas. This originated from Wang Gengxin of Luling, who once presented effective prescriptions and created this treatise. Recently, upon the completion of the re-engraving of *Maoke Huoren Quanshu*, I obtained a copy. Its purport was also discussed in the main book, but readers might overlook it. Therefore, it is appended here to assist those who can illuminate its meaning.