平按∶此篇见《灵枢》卷三第十《经脉》篇，又见《甲乙经》卷二第一下编。
手太阴之别，名曰列缺，（十二正经，有八奇经，合二十脉，名为之经。二十脉中，十二经
脉督脉及任脉波脉，有十四经，各别出一脉，有十四脉，脾脏复出一脉，合有十五脉，名为大络。
任冲及脾所出，散络而已；余十三络，从经而出，行散络已，别走余经，以为交通。从十五络，
别出小络，名为孙络。任冲二脉虽别，同称一络，名曰尾翳，似不别也。别于太阴□经，故曰别
也，余皆放之。此别走络，分别大经，所以称缺。此穴列于缺减大经之处，故曰列缺也。平按∶
注别于太阴下原缺一字，袁刻作一。）起于掖下分间，（掖下分间，即手太阴经也。平按∶掖下
《灵枢》、《甲乙经》均作腕上，《千金》作掖下。）并太阴之经直入掌中，散入于鱼际。其病手
兑掌热，取之去腕一寸半，别走阳明。（并，薄浪反。络入鱼际，别走阳明经也，阳明与太阴合
也，余皆放此。平按∶之经，经字袁刻误作道。手兑掌热《灵枢》作“实则手锐掌热，虚则欠KT ，
小便遗数”，《甲乙经》作手兑骨掌热，余与《灵枢》同。一寸半《灵枢》作半寸，《甲乙经》
作一寸。）手少阴之别，名曰通里，去腕一寸，别而上行，循经入于心中，系舌本，属目系。其
实则支鬲，虚则不能言，取之腕后一寸，别走太阳。（里，居处也。此穴乃是手少阴脉气别通，
为络居处，故曰通里也。支， 也。少阴脉起心中，故实则 膈而间之，
虚则不能言也。平按∶去腕，去字《甲乙经》作在。一寸《灵枢》、《甲乙经》均作一寸半。腕
后一寸《灵枢》作掌后一寸。）手心主之别，名曰内关。（手心主至此太阴少阴之内，起于别络，
内通心包，入于少阳，故曰内关也。）去腕二寸，出于两筋间，循经以上系于心，包络心系。实
则心痛，虚则为烦，取之两筋间。（检《明堂经》两筋间下，有别走少阳之言，此经无者，当是
脱也。平按∶为烦《灵枢》作为头强，《甲乙经》作为烦心。）手太阳之别，名曰支正，（正，
正经也。支，络脉也。太阳正经之上，支别此络，走向少阴，故曰支正也。）去腕五寸，内注少阴；
其别者，上走肘，络肩 。实则节施肘废，虚则生 ，小者如指痂疥，取之所别。（施，纵缓也。
音尤，HT 也，又赘也，皮外小结也。HT 音目。痂，假瑕反，疮甲也。疥，公薤反。平按∶去腕
《灵枢》、《甲乙经》作上腕，节施作节弛，按施与弛通。注HT 袁刻误作肿。）手阳明之别，名曰
偏历，（手阳明经上，偏出此络，经历手臂，别走太阴，故曰偏历也。）去腕三寸，别走太阴；其
别者，上循臂乘肩 ，上曲颊偏齿；其别者，入耳会于宗脉。实则龋耳聋，虚则齿寒瘅鬲，取之
所别。（手阳明络，上于曲颊，偏入下齿之中。宗，总也。耳中有手太阳、手少阳、足少阳、足
阳明络四脉总会之处，故曰宗脉。手阳明络别入耳中，与宗脉会，故实则龋而聋也。五阳之脉皆
贯于膈，故阳虚膈中瘅热之病如此也。平按∶别走《灵枢》作别入。偏齿正统《甲乙经》作遍齿，
按《集韵》偏通作遍。会《灵枢》作合。龋耳聋，《灵枢》无耳字，《甲乙经》耳上有齿字。瘅
《灵枢》、《甲乙经》均作痹。注四脉，四字原抄作曰，恐误，袁刻作四。五阳之脉，脉字袁刻
作络。）手少阳之别，名曰外关，（此处少阳之络，别行心主外关，故曰外关也。）去腕二寸，
外绕臂，注胸中，
合心主。其病实则肘挛，虚则不收，取之所别。（实则肘急，故挛；虚则缓纵，故肘不收也。平
按∶其病，其字《灵枢》无，《甲乙》无其病二字。）足太阳之别，名曰飞阳，（此太阳络，别走
向少阴经，迅疾如飞，故曰飞阳也。）去踝七寸，别走少阴。实则鼻窒头背痛，虚则鼽衄，取之
所别。（窒，塞也，知栗反。太阳走目内 ，络入鼻中，故实则鼻塞也。虚则无力自守，故鼻衄
也。平按∶鼻窒《灵枢》作鼽窒，《甲乙经》作窒鼻。）足少阳之别，名曰光明，（光明，即眼也。
少阳厥阳主眼，故少阳络得其名也。）去踝五寸，别走厥阴，下络足跗上。实则厥，虚则痿 ，
坐不能起，取之所别。（少阳之络，腰以上实，多生厥逆病也；腰以下脉虚，则痿 ，跛不能行
也。 音擘。平按∶踝下《甲乙经》有上字。厥阴下《甲乙经》有并经二字。跗下《灵枢》、《甲
乙经》无上字。）足阳明之别，名曰丰隆，（足阳明谷气隆盛，至此处丰溢出于大络，故曰丰隆。）
去踝八寸，别走太阴；其别者，循胫骨外廉，上络头，合诸经之气，下络喉嗌。其病气逆则喉痹
卒喑，实则狂癫疾，虚则足不收胫枯，取之所别。（实并于上。故为癫疾。虚则下不足，故足不收。
平按∶《灵枢》、《甲乙经》头下均有项字，卒喑均作瘁喑。狂癫疾《灵枢》作狂颠，《甲乙经》
作颠狂，均无疾字。）足太阴之别，名曰公孙，（肝木为公，心火为子，脾土为孙。穴在公孙之脉，
因名公孙也。平按∶注脾土袁刻误作啤上，因误作固。）去本节之后一寸，别走阳明；其别者，
入络肠胃。厥气上逆则霍乱，实则腹中切痛，虚则鼓胀，取之所别。阳明络入肠胃，清浊相干，
厥气乱于肠胃，遂有霍乱。食多脉实，故腹中痛。无食脉虚，故邪气胀满也。（平按∶腹中《灵枢》、
《甲乙经》作肠中。注胀袁刻误作振。）足少
阴之别，名曰大钟，（钟，注也。此穴是少阴大络别注之处，故曰大钟。平按∶大钟正统本《甲乙
经》作太钟。）当踝后绕跟，别走太阳；其别者，并经上走于心包，下贯腰脊。其病气逆则烦闷，
实则闭 ，虚则腰痛，取之所别。（大钟络走心包，故病则烦闷，实则膀胱闭淋，不足则为腰痛
也。平按∶贯上《灵枢》有外字。闭 《甲乙经》作 闭。）足厥阴之别，名曰蠡沟，（蠡，力
洒反，瓢勺也。 骨之内，上下虚处，有似瓢勺渠沟，此因名曰蠡沟。）去内踝五寸，别走少阳；
其别者，循胫上皋结于茎。其病气逆则皋肿卒疝，实则挺长热，虚则暴痒，取之所别。（皋，囊
也。此络上囊，聚于阴茎也。挺长，阴挺出长也。虚则阴痒也。平按∶踝下《甲乙经》有上字。
循胫上皋《灵枢》作经胫上睾，《甲乙经》作循经上睾。）督脉之别，名曰长强，（督脉诸阳脉
长，其气强盛，穴居其处，故曰长强也。）侠膂上项，上散头上，下当肩甲左右，别走太阳，入
贯膂。实则脊强，虚则头重，高摇之，侠脊之有过者，取之所别。（侠脊有过，则知督脉两道以
为定也。平按∶督脉一段《灵枢》、《甲乙经》均在任脉之后。侠膂《灵枢》作挟膂，《甲乙经》
作侠脊。肩甲《灵枢》、《甲乙经》均作肩胛。高摇之侠脊之有过者九字，《甲乙经》注∶“《九
墟》无此九字。”注定字袁刻误作病。）任冲之别，名曰尾翳，下鸠尾，散于腹。实则腹皮痛，
虚则痒搔，取之所别。（尾则鸠尾，一名尾翳，是心之蔽骨。此之络脉，起于尾翳，故得其名。
任冲二经，此中合有一络者，以其营处是同，故合之也。任冲浮络行腹皮中，故实盛痛也。虚以
不足，故邪为痒搔。叶牢反。平按∶任冲《灵枢》、《甲乙
经》均作任脉。痒搔《甲乙经》作搔痒。）脾之大络脉，名曰大包，（脾为中土，四脏之主，包
裹处也，故曰大包也。平按∶大络脉，袁刻作大脉络《灵枢》、《甲乙经》无脉字。注中土袁刻
误作中上。）出泉掖下三寸，布胸胁。实则身尽痛，虚则百节皆纵，此脉若罗络之血者，皆取之
所别。（脾之盛气，腋下三寸，当泉掖而出，布于胸胁，散于百体。故实则遍身皆痛，虚则谷气
不足，所以百节缓纵。此脉乃是人身之上罗络之血脉也，由是有病皆取之也。平按∶泉掖《灵枢》、
《甲乙经》均作渊腋，说见前。身上《甲乙》有一字。百节《甲乙经》作百脉。皆取之所别《灵
枢》作皆取之脾之大络脉也，《甲乙经》无所别二字。）凡此十五络者，实则必见，虚则必下，
视之不见，求之上下，人经不同，络脉异所。（盛则血满脉中，故必见。虚则脉中少血，故必下。
脉下难见，故上下求之。人之禀气得身，百体不可一者，岂有经络而得同乎？故须上下求之，方
得见也。平按∶异所下《灵枢》、《甲乙经》均有别也二字。注脉下难见袁刻作脉中。）
【平按注释】：本篇内容见于《灵枢》卷三第十《经脉》篇，也见于《甲乙经》卷二第一下编。
手太阴肺经的别络，名叫列缺。（十二正经与八条奇经，合共二十脉，称为“经”。在二十脉中，十二经脉加上督脉、任脉和脾之大络，共有十四条主要经络，各自别出一支络脉，形成十四络；再加上脾脏另外发出一支大络，合计十五脉，称为“大络”。任脉、冲脉及脾之大络，仅散布络属而已；其余十三络，从本经分出，行散络属后，又别走他经，以起到交通联络的作用。从十五大络再别出的细小络脉，称为孙络。任脉和冲脉虽然分别论述，但常合称为一络，名为尾翳，似乎并未真正分开。此处别出于太阴经，所以称为“别”；其余各经皆仿照此例。这些别走之络，分别于大经之外，所以称为“缺”。此穴位于大经缺失之处，故名为“列缺”。【平按注】：原注在“别于太阴”下缺一字，袁刻本作“一”。）该络脉起于腋下的分肉之间（腋下分肉间，即手太阴经所过之处。【平按注】：腋下，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均作“腕上”，《千金方》作“腋下”。），与手太阴经并行直入掌中，散布于鱼际部位。其病证表现为手掌心发热，治疗时取去腕横纹一寸半处的穴位，使络气别走阳明经。（并，音薄浪反。络脉进入鱼际，别走阳明经，因为阳明与太阴相表里配合，其余各经皆依此类推。【平按注】：“之经”的“经”字，袁刻误作“道”。关于症状，《灵枢》作“实则手锐掌热，虚则欠呿，小便遗数”，《甲乙经》作“手兑骨掌热”，其余与《灵枢》相同。关于定位，“一寸半”，《灵枢》作“半寸”，《甲乙经》作“一寸”。）
手少阴心经的别络，名叫通里，距离腕横纹一寸，向上别行，沿经脉进入心中，联系舌根，归属于目系。其实证表现为胸膺支撑胀满，虚证表现为不能言语，治疗时取腕后一寸处的穴位，使络气别走太阳经。（里，指居处。此穴是手少阴脉气别通之处，作为络脉的居处，所以叫通里。支，同“痞”，指痞塞。少阴脉起于心中，所以实证时气机痞塞于膈而阻碍之，虚证时则不能言语。【平按注】：“去腕”，《甲乙经》作“在腕”。关于长度，“一寸”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均作“一寸半”。关于定位，“腕后一寸”，《灵枢》作“掌后一寸”。）
手厥阴心包经的别络，名叫内关。（手心主经至此，位于太阴、少阴之内，起于别络，向内通达心包，向外入于少阳，所以叫内关。）距离腕横纹二寸，出于两筋之间，沿经脉上行，联系于心，包绕心系。其实证表现为心痛，虚证表现为心烦，治疗时取两筋之间的穴位。（检查《明堂经》，在“两筋间”下有“别走少阳”的文字，而本篇经文没有，可能是脱漏。【平按注】：“为烦”，《灵枢》作“为头强”，《甲乙经》作“为烦心”。）
手太阳小肠经的别络，名叫支正。（正，指正经。支，指络脉。在手太阳正经之上，分支出此络脉，走向少阴经，所以叫支正。）距离腕横纹五寸，向内注入少阴经；其分支者，向上走到肘部，络属于肩髃穴。其实证表现为关节弛缓、肘部废用，虚证则生疣赘，小的如手指大小的痂疥，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（施，意为纵缓。音尤，同“疣”，也是赘生物的意思，皮外小结节。疣音目。痂，音假瑕反，指疮痂。疥，音公薤反。【平按注】：“去腕”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》作“上腕”。“节施”作“节弛”，按“施”与“弛”通假。注文中“疣”字，袁刻误作“肿”。）
手阳明大肠经的别络，名叫偏历。（手阳明经上方，偏出此络，经历手臂，别走太阴经，所以叫偏历。）距离腕横纹三寸，别走太阴经；其分支者，向上沿臂部经过肩髎穴，上行至曲颊偏侧牙齿；另一分支，进入耳中，会合于宗脉。其实证表现为龋齿耳聋，虚证表现为牙齿寒冷且膈中烦热，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（手阳明络脉，上行至曲颊，偏入下齿之中。宗，即总汇之意。耳中有手太阳、手少阳、足少阳、足阳明四条络脉总会之处，所以叫宗脉。手阳明络脉别入耳中，与宗脉会合，所以实证时会出现龋齿和耳聋。五条阳经的脉络都贯穿膈部，所以阳虚时膈中会出现这种烦热的病症。【平按注】：“别走”，《灵枢》作“别入”。“偏齿”，正统本《甲乙经》作“遍齿”，按《集韵》“偏”通“遍”。“会”，《灵枢》作“合”。“龋耳聋”，《灵枢》无“耳”字，《甲乙经》“耳”上有“齿”字。“瘅”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均作“痹”。注文中“四脉”，“四”字原抄本作“曰”，恐怕有误，袁刻本作“四”。“五阳之脉”，“脉”字袁刻作“络”。）
手少阳三焦经的别络，名叫外关。（此处少阳之络，别行于心主之外侧，所以叫外关。）距离腕横纹二寸，向外环绕臂部，注入胸中，与心包经相合。其病证实证表现为肘部拘挛，虚证表现为肘部无力不收，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（实证时肘部紧急，所以拘挛；虚证时松弛缓纵，所以肘部不能收持。【平按注】：“其病”，“其”字《灵枢》无，《甲乙经》无“其病”二字。）
足太阳膀胱经的别络，名叫飞阳。（此太阳络脉，别走趋向少阴经，迅疾如飞，所以叫飞阳。）距离内踝七寸，别走少阴经。其实证表现为鼻塞、头背痛，虚证表现为鼻流清涕或鼻出血，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（窒，意为堵塞，音知栗反。太阳经走行至目内眦，络脉进入鼻中，所以实证时鼻塞。虚证时正气无力自守，所以鼻衄。【平按注】：“鼻窒”，《灵枢》作“鼽窒”，《甲乙经》作“窒鼻”。）
足少阳胆经的别络，名叫光明。（光明，即眼睛。少阳和厥阴主司眼睛，所以少阳络脉得名于此。）距离内踝五寸，别走厥阴经，向下络属于足背。其实证表现为厥逆，虚证表现为痿软无力，坐起困难，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（少阳络脉，腰部以上实证，多产生厥逆病；腰部以下脉虚，则出现痿软无力，跛行不能行走。音擘。【平按注】：“踝下”，《甲乙经》有“上”字。“厥阴下”，《甲乙经》有“并经”二字。“跗下”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》无“上”字。）
足阳明胃经的别络，名叫丰隆。（足阳明谷气隆盛，到了此处丰溢而出成为大络，所以叫丰隆。）距离内踝八寸，别走太阴经；其分支者，沿胫骨外侧，向上络属于头部，会合诸经之气，向下络属于咽喉。其病证气逆则喉痹突然失音，实证表现为狂癫疾病，虚证表现为足部无力回收、小腿枯瘦，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（实证气并于上，所以发为癫疾。虚证下部不足，所以足部不能回收。【平按注】：《灵枢》和《甲乙经》在“头”下均有“项”字，“卒喑”均作“瘁喑”。“狂癫疾”，《灵枢》作“狂颠”，《甲乙经》作“颠狂”，均无“疾”字。）
足太阴脾经的别络，名叫公孙。（肝木为公，心火为子，脾土为孙。穴位在公孙之脉，因此命名为公孙。【平按注】：注文中“脾土”，袁刻误作“啤上”，“因”误作“固”。）距离本节之后一寸，别走阳明经；其分支者，进入络属于肠胃。厥气上逆则发生霍乱，实证表现为腹中剧烈疼痛，虚证表现为腹胀鼓胀，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（阳明络脉进入肠胃，清浊之气相互干扰，厥气扰乱肠胃，于是产生霍乱。进食多则脉实，所以腹中痛。无食则脉虚，所以邪气导致胀满。【平按注】：“腹中”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》作“肠中”。注文中“胀”，袁刻误作“振”。）
足少阴肾经的别络，名叫大钟。（钟，意为灌注。此穴是少阴大络别注之处，所以叫大钟。【平按注】：大钟，正统本《甲乙经》作“太钟”。）当内踝后方绕行脚跟，别走太阳经；其分支者，并行向上走到心包，向下贯穿腰脊。其病证气逆则烦闷，实证表现为小便闭涩，虚证表现为腰痛，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（大钟络脉走于心包，所以生病时烦闷，实证时膀胱闭涩淋沥，不足时则为腰痛。【平按注】：“贯上”，《灵枢》有“外”字。“闭癃”，《甲乙经》作“癃闭”。）
足厥阴肝经的别络，名叫蠡沟。（蠡，音力洒反，意为瓢勺。胫骨之内，上下空虚之处，形似瓢勺渠沟，因此命名为蠡沟。）距离内踝五寸，别走少阳经；其分支者，沿胫骨向上到达阴囊，结聚于阴茎。其病证气逆则阴囊肿大突发疝气，实证表现为阴茎挺长发热，虚证表现为突然瘙痒，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（皋，意为阴囊。此络脉上行至阴囊，聚于阴茎。挺长，指阴茎挺出变长。虚证则阴部瘙痒。【平按注】：“踝下”，《甲乙经》有“上”字。“循胫上皋”，《灵枢》作“经胫上睾”，《甲乙经》作“循经上睾”。）
督脉的别络，名叫长强。（督脉统领诸阳脉，阳气长盛，穴位居于其处，所以叫长强。）挟脊柱上行至项部，向上散布于头部，向下当肩胛骨左右，别走太阳经，进入贯穿脊柱。其实证表现为脊柱强直，虚证表现为头重，高摇头部时，挟脊两侧有压痛点，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（挟脊有压痛，以此确定督脉两道的位置。【平按注】：督脉一段，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均在任脉之后。“侠膂”，《灵枢》作“挟膂”，《甲乙经》作“侠脊”。“肩甲”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均作“肩胛”。“高摇之侠脊之有过者”九个字，《甲乙经》注：“《九墟》无此九字。”注文中“定”字，袁刻误作“病”。）
任脉和冲脉的别络，名叫尾翳，向下至鸠尾穴，散布于腹部。其实证表现为腹皮疼痛，虚证表现为皮肤瘙痒，治疗时取该别络的穴位。（尾即鸠尾，又名尾翳，是心脏的蔽骨。此络脉起于尾翳，所以得名。任脉和冲脉在此合并为一络，因为它们营气运行的部位相同，所以合并在一起。任冲浮络行于腹皮中，所以实证时疼痛。虚证因气血不足，所以邪气导致瘙痒。音叶牢反。【平按注】：任冲，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均作“任脉”。“痒搔”，《甲乙经》作“搔痒”。）
脾的大络脉，名叫大包。（脾属中土，是四脏之主，包裹周身之处，所以叫大包。【平按注】：大络脉，袁刻作“大脉络”，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》无“脉”字。注文中“中土”，袁刻误作“中上”。）出于腋下渊腋穴旁三寸，布散于胸胁。其实证表现为全身疼痛，虚证表现为百节松弛无力，这条脉如同罗网般的络血，有病时都取此穴治疗。（脾的盛气，从腋下三寸的渊腋穴处发出，布散于胸胁，散布于全身百体。所以实证时遍身皆痛，虚证时谷气不足，所以百节缓纵无力。这条脉乃是人身之上罗网般的血脉，因此有病都取此穴。【平按注】：泉掖，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均作“渊腋”，说法见前。“身上”，《甲乙经》有一“身”字。“百节”，《甲乙经》作“百脉”。“皆取之所别”，《灵枢》作“皆取之脾之大络脉也”，《甲乙经》无“所别”二字。）
凡是这十五条络脉，实证时必然显现于外，虚证时必然陷下不见，如果视而不见，就要在上下寻找。人的经络各不相同，络脉的分布位置也有差异。（盛则血满脉中，所以必然显现。虚则脉中血少，所以必然陷下。脉陷下难以看见，所以在上下寻找。人禀受天地之气而成身，百体不可能完全一样，难道经络就能相同吗？所以必须上下寻找，才能见到。【平按注】：“异所”下，《灵枢》和《甲乙经》均有“别也”二字。注文中“脉下难见”，袁刻作“脉中难见”。）
[Ping An Annotation]: This chapter appears in Volume 3, Chapter 10 "Jing Mai" (Meridians) of the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot), and also in Volume 2, Part 1, Lower Section of the *Jia Yi Jing* (Classified Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion).
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand-Taiyin (Lung) meridian is named Lieque (LI-4, actually LU-7). [Twelve regular meridians and eight extraordinary vessels combine to form twenty vessels, termed "Jing" (Vessels). Among these twenty vessels, the twelve regular meridians plus the Du Mai (Governing Vessel), Ren Mai (Conception Vessel), and the large Luo of the Spleen constitute fourteen main meridians. Each of these fourteen emits a separate Luo vessel, forming fourteen Luros; additionally, the Spleen emits one more large Luo, totaling fifteen vessels, termed "Da Luo" (Great Luo). The Ren Mai, Chong Mai, and the Spleen's Da Luo merely scatter and connect; the remaining thirteen Luros emerge from their respective meridians, scatter and connect, then branch off to other meridians to facilitate communication. Small vessels branching from the fifteen Great Luros are termed "Sun Luo" (Grandchild Luros). Although the Ren and Chong vessels are discussed separately, they are often collectively referred to as one Luo named Wei Yi (CV-15), seemingly not truly distinct. Here, it branches off from the Taiyin meridian, hence called "Bie" (Branch/Divergent); the others follow this pattern. These divergent Luros branch off from the main meridians, hence called "Que" (Deficiency/Missing). This acupoint is located where the main meridian seems deficient, hence named "Lie Que". [Ping An Note: The original note lacks a character after "Bie Yu Tai Yin"; Yuan edition inserts "Yi".] It originates from the intermuscular space under the axilla (The intermuscular space under the axilla refers to the Hand-Taiyin meridian. [Ping An Note: "Under the axilla" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is written as "above the wrist"; *Qian Jin Fang* writes "under the axilla".]), runs parallel with the Hand-Taiyin meridian straight into the palm, and scatters at Yuji (LU-10). Its pathological manifestations include heat in the palm, treated by selecting the point 1.5 cun distal to the wrist crease, allowing the Luo qi to diverge to the Yangming meridian. ("Bing", pronounced Bo Lang fan. The Luo enters Yuji and diverges to the Yangming meridian, as Yangming and Taiyin are exterior-interior paired; the rest follow this principle. [Ping An Note: The character "Jing" in "Zhi Jing" is erroneously printed as "Dao" in the Yuan edition. Regarding symptoms, *Ling Shu* states "Excess: heat at the radial side of the hand and palm; Deficiency: yawning, frequent urination or enuresis"; *Jia Yi Jing* states "heat at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and palm", consistent with *Ling Shu* otherwise. Regarding location, "1.5 cun" in *Ling Shu* is "0.5 cun"; in *Jia Yi Jing* it is "1 cun".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand-Shaoyin (Heart) meridian is named Tongli (HT-5), 1 cun from the wrist crease, ascending and diverging, following the meridian into the heart, connecting to the root of the tongue, and attaching to the eye system. Excess manifests as chest fullness and support-like distension; deficiency manifests as inability to speak. Treatment involves selecting the point 1 cun behind the wrist, diverging to the Taiyang meridian. ("Li" means dwelling. This point is where the Qi of the Hand-Shaoyin meridian diverges and communicates, serving as the dwelling of the Luo vessel, hence named Tongli. "Zhi" is synonymous with "Pi" (blockage). The Shaoyin meridian originates in the heart; thus, excess causes blockage in the diaphragm, while deficiency leads to inability to speak. [Ping An Note: "Qu Wan" in *Jia Yi Jing* is written as "Zai Wan". Regarding length, "1 cun" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "1.5 cun". Regarding location, "1 cun behind the wrist" in *Ling Shu* is "1 cun behind the palm".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand-Jueyin (Pericardium) meridian is named Neiguan (PC-6). [The Hand-Jueyin meridian here lies within the Taiyin and Shaoyin, originating from the divergent Luo, internally communicating with the Pericardium, and externally entering the Shaoyang, hence named Neiguan.] It is 2 cun from the wrist crease, emerging between the two tendons, ascending along the meridian to connect with the heart, surrounding the heart system. Excess manifests as heart pain; deficiency manifests as vexation. Treatment involves selecting the point between the two tendons. ([Checking the *Ming Tang Jing*, there is text saying "diverges to Shaoyang" after "between the two tendons", which is absent in this text, likely due to omission. [Ping An Note: "Wei Fan" in *Ling Shu* is "Wei Tou Qiang"; in *Jia Yi Jing* it is "Wei Fan Xin".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand-Taiyang (Small Intestine) meridian is named Zhizheng (SI-7). ["Zheng" refers to the regular meridian. "Zhi" refers to the Luo vessel. Branching off from the upper part of the Hand-Taiyang regular meridian, this Luo vessel diverges towards the Shaoyin meridian, hence named Zhizheng.] It is 5 cun from the wrist crease, internally injecting into the Shaoyin meridian; its branch ascends to the elbow and connects to Jianliao (SI-11). Excess manifests as flaccidity of joints and elbow dysfunction; deficiency manifests with warts, small ones like scabies crusts on fingers. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. ("Shi" means flaccidity/relaxation. Pronounced You, synonymous with "You" (wart), also meaning赘生物 (excrecence), a small nodule on the skin. You is pronounced Mu. Jia, pronounced Jia Xia fan, means scab. Jie, pronounced Gong Xie fan. [Ping An Note: "Qu Wan" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Shang Wan". "Jie Shi" is written as "Jie Chi"; "Shi" and "Chi" are interchangeable. In the note, "You" is erroneously printed as "Zhong" in the Yuan edition.])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand-Yangming (Large Intestine) meridian is named Pianli (LI-6). [On the upper Hand-Yangming meridian, this Luo diverges, traverses the arm, and diverges to the Taiyin meridian, hence named Pianli.] It is 3 cun from the wrist crease, diverging to the Taiyin meridian; its branch ascends along the arm, passes Jianliao (LI-15), goes up to the curved cheek and lateral teeth; another branch enters the ear and meets at the Zong Mai (Ancestral Vessel). Excess manifests as dental caries and deafness; deficiency manifests as cold teeth and burning sensation in the diaphragm. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [The Hand-Yangming Luo ascends to the curved cheek, entering laterally into the lower teeth. "Zong" means total/gathering. There is a gathering place of four Luros (Hand-Taiyang, Hand-Shaoyang, Foot-Shaoyang, Foot-Yangming) in the ear, hence called Zong Mai. The Hand-Yangming Luo enters the ear and meets the Zong Mai; thus, excess causes caries and deafness. All five Yang meridians pass through the diaphragm; thus, Yang deficiency causes such burning sensations in the diaphragm. [Ping An Note: "Bie Zou" in *Ling Shu* is "Bie Ru". "Pian Chi" in the orthodox *Jia Yi Jing* is "Bian Chi"; according to *Ji Yun*, "Pian" is interchangeable with "Bian". "Hui" in *Ling Shu* is "He". "Qu Er Long" in *Ling Shu* lacks "Er"; in *Jia Yi Jing*, "Chi" precedes "Er". "Dan" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Bi". In the note, "Si Mai", the original copy has "Yue" instead of "Si", likely an error; Yuan edition corrects to "Si". In "Wu Yang Zhi Mai", "Mai" is erroneously printed as "Luo" in the Yuan edition.])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Hand-Shaoyang (Sanjiao) meridian is named Waiguan (TE-5). [This Shaoyang Luo diverges externally from the Jueyin (Pericardium), hence named Waiguan.] It is 2 cun from the wrist crease, encircling the arm externally, injecting into the chest, and combining with the Pericardium. Pathological manifestations: excess causes elbow spasm; deficiency causes inability to flex/hold. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Excess causes urgency in the elbow, leading to spasm; deficiency causes relaxation, leading to inability to hold the elbow. [Ping An Note: "Qi Bing", the character "Qi" is absent in *Ling Shu*; "Qi Bing" two characters are absent in *Jia Yi Jing*.])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) meridian is named Feiyang (BL-58). [This Taiyang Luo diverges towards the Shaoyin meridian, swift as flying, hence named Feiyang.] It is 7 cun from the malleolus, diverging to the Shaoyin meridian. Excess manifests as nasal obstruction, headache, and back pain; deficiency manifests as rhinorrhea or epistaxis. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. ("Zhi" means obstruction, pronounced Zhi Li fan. The Taiyang meridian travels to the inner canthus, and its Luo enters the nose; thus, excess causes nasal obstruction. Deficiency lacks strength to guard, causing epistaxis. [Ping An Note: "Bi Zhi" in *Ling Shu* is "Qiu Zhi"; in *Jia Yi Jing* it is "Zhi Bi".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Shaoyang (Gallbladder) meridian is named Guangming (GB-37). [Guangming refers to the eyes. Shaoyang and Jueyin govern the eyes, hence the Shaoyang Luo derives its name.] It is 5 cun from the malleolus, diverging to the Jueyin meridian, descending to connect to the dorsum of the foot. Excess manifests as Jue (reversal/cold limbs); deficiency manifests as Wei (atrophy/flaccidity), inability to sit up. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Shaoyang Luo: Excess above the waist often generates Jue-ni diseases; deficiency below the waist leads to Wei-bi, limping and inability to walk. Pronounced Pi. [Ping An Note: "Xia" after ankle, *Jia Yi Jing* has "Shang". "Xia" after Jueyin, *Jia Yi Jing* has "Bing Jing". "Xia" after Fu, *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* lack "Shang".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Yangming (Stomach) meridian is named Fenglong (ST-40). [Foot-Yangming Grain Qi is abundant and flourishing; reaching here, it overflows out as the Great Luo, hence named Fenglong.] It is 8 cun from the malleolus, diverging to the Taiyin meridian; its branch follows the lateral aspect of the tibia, ascends to connect to the head, combines the Qi of various meridians, and descends to connect to the throat. Pathological manifestations: Qi rebellion causes throat bi and sudden aphonia; excess manifests as mania and epilepsy; deficiency manifests as inability to move the feet and emaciation of the shins. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Excess aggregates upward, causing epileptic disorders. Deficiency lacks sufficiency downward, causing inability to move the feet. [Ping An Note: Both *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* have "Xiang" (neck) after "Tou". "Cu Yin" is written as "Cui Yin". "Kuang Dian Ji" in *Ling Shu* is "Kuang Dian"; in *Jia Yi Jing* it is "Dian Kuang", both lacking "Ji".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Taiyin (Spleen) meridian is named Gongsun (SP-4). [Liver Wood is Gong (Public/Father), Heart Fire is Zi (Son), Spleen Earth is Sun (Grandson). The acupoint is on the Gongsun meridian, hence named Gongsun. [Ping An Note: In the note, "Pi Tu" is erroneously printed as "Pi Shang" by Yuan edition; "Yin" is erroneously printed as "Gu".]] It is 1 cun posterior to the proximal phalanx base, diverging to the Yangming meridian; its branch enters and connects to the intestines and stomach. Rebellion of Jue Qi causes Huo Luan (cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea); excess manifests as cutting abdominal pain; deficiency manifests as tympanites/bloating. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Yangming Luo enters the intestines and stomach; clear and turbid Qi interfere with each other; Jue Qi disturbs the intestines and stomach, resulting in Huo Luan. Abundant food leads to excess pulse, hence abdominal pain. Lack of food leads to deficiency pulse, hence Qi stagnation and bloating. [Ping An Note: "Fu Zhong" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Chang Zhong". In the note, "Zhang" is erroneously printed as "Zhen" by Yuan edition.])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian is named Dazhong (KI-4). ["Zhong" means pouring/injecting. This acupoint is where the Kidney Great Luo diverges and injects, hence named Dazhong. [Ping An Note: Dazhong in the orthodox *Jia Yi Jing* is written as "Tai Zhong".]] It is located behind the malleolus, circling the heel, diverging to the Taiyang meridian; its branch runs parallel upwards to the Pericardium, descending through the lumbar spine. Pathological manifestations: Qi rebellion causes vexation and oppression; excess manifests as urinary retention/dysuria; deficiency manifests as lumbar pain. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Dazhong Luo travels to the Pericardium; thus, disease causes vexation. Excess causes bladder retention and strangury; insufficiency causes lumbar pain. [Ping An Note: "Guan Shang" in *Ling Shu* has "Wai". "Bi Long" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Long Bi".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Foot-Jueyin (Liver) meridian is named Ligou (LR-5). ["Li", pronounced Li Sa fan, means ladle/spoon. Inside the tibia, the hollow spaces above and below resemble the channel of a ladle, hence named Ligou.] It is 5 cun from the medial malleolus, diverging to the Shaoyang meridian; its branch follows the tibia upwards to the scrotum, knotting at the penis. Pathological manifestations: Qi rebellion causes scrotal swelling and sudden hernia; excess manifests as priapism with heat; deficiency manifests with sudden itching. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. ["Gao" means scrotum. This Luo ascends to the scrotum, gathering at the penis. Ting Chang means protrusion and elongation of the penis. Deficiency causes genital itching. [Ping An Note: "Xia" after ankle, *Jia Yi Jing* has "Shang". "Xun Jing Shang Gao" in *Ling Shu* is "Jing Jing Shang Gao"; in *Jia Yi Jing* it is "Xun Jing Shang Gao".])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) is named Changqiang (GV-1). [The Du meridian governs all Yang meridians; its Qi is long and strong. The acupoint resides in this area, hence named Changqiang.] It runs alongside the spinal muscles to the neck, disperses upwards to the head, descends to the left and right of the shoulder blades, diverges to the Taiyang meridian, and enters through the spinal muscles. Excess manifests as spinal rigidity; deficiency manifests as heaviness of the head. When shaking the head high, tenderness along the spine indicates the affected area; treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Tenderness along the spine determines the two paths of the Du meridian. [Ping An Note: The section on Du Mai in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* appears after the Ren Mai. "Xia Lv" in *Ling Shu* is "Jia Lv"; in *Jia Yi Jing* it is "Xia Ji". "Jian Jia" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Jian Jia". The nine characters "Gao Yao Zhi Xia Ji Zhi You Guo Zhe" are absent in *Jia Yi Jing* note: "*Jiu Xu* lacks these nine characters." In the note, "Ding" is erroneously printed as "Bing" by Yuan edition.])
The Luo-Connecting vessel of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) and Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) is named Wei Yi (CV-15), descending to Jiutui (CV-15), and scattering in the abdomen. Excess manifests as pain in the abdominal skin; deficiency manifests with itching. Treatment involves selecting the point of the divergent Luo. [Wei refers to Jiutui, also named Wei Yi, which is the xiphoid process shielding the heart. This Luo originates from Wei Yi, hence the name. The Ren and Chong meridians merge into one Luo here because their Ying (nutritive) pathways are identical. The floating Luros of Ren and Chong run in the abdominal skin; thus, excess causes pain. Deficiency, being insufficient, allows pathogenic factors to cause itching. Pronounced Ye Lao fan. [Ping An Note: Ren Chong in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Ren Mai". "Yang Sao" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Sao Yang".]])
The Great Luo of the Spleen is named Dabao (SP-21). [The Spleen belongs to Central Earth and is the master of the Four Zang organs, enveloping the body, hence named Dabao. [Ping An Note: "Da Luo Mai" in Yuan edition is "Da Mai Luo"; *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* lack "Mai". In the note, "Zhong Tu" is erroneously printed as "Zhong Shang" by Yuan edition.]] It emerges 3 cun lateral to the Quanyi (AX-9) point under the axilla, distributing across the chest and hypochondrium. Excess manifests as generalized body pain; deficiency manifests as flaccidity of all joints. This vessel, like a net of blood vessels, should be selected for treatment when diseased. [The abundant Qi of the Spleen issues from the Quanyi point 3 cun under the axilla, distributing across the chest and hypochondrium, and scattering throughout the body. Thus, excess causes generalized pain; deficiency of Grain Qi causes flaccidity of all joints. This vessel is the net-like blood vessel of the human body; therefore, all diseases are treated by selecting it. [Ping An Note: "Quanyi" in *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* is "Yuanye", see previous notes. "Shen Shang" in *Jia Yi Jing* has an extra "Shen". "Bai Jie" in *Jia Yi Jing* is "Bai Mai". "Jie Qu Zhi Suo Bie" in *Ling Shu* is "Jie Qu Zhi Pi Zhi Da Luo Mai Ye"; *Jia Yi Jing* lacks "Suo Bie".]]
Regarding these fifteen Luros: Excess conditions will necessarily manifest visibly; deficiency conditions will necessarily appear sunken/invisible. If not visible upon inspection, seek them above and below. Human meridians differ, and Luo vessel locations vary. [Abundance fills the vessels with blood, so they necessarily manifest. Deficiency means less blood in the vessels, so they necessarily sink. Sunken vessels are hard to see, so one must search above and below. Humans receive Qi differently, and their bodies are not uniform; how could meridians be identical? Thus, one must search above and below to perceive them. [Ping An Note: After "Yi Suo", *Ling Shu* and *Jia Yi Jing* have "Bie Ye". In the note, "Mai Xia Nan Jian" is printed as "Mai Zhong Nan Jian" by Yuan edition.]]