黄帝问曰∶少阴何以主肾？肾何以主水？岐伯对曰∶肾者至阴也，至阴者盛水也，肺者太阴也，少阴
者冬脉也，故其本在肾，其末在肺，皆积水也。帝曰∶肾何以能聚水而生病？岐伯曰∶肾者胃之关也，关门
不利，故聚水而从其类也。上下溢于皮肤，故为 肿。 肿者，聚水而生病也。帝曰∶诸水皆生于肾乎？岐
伯曰∶肾者牝
脏也，地气上者属于肾，而生水液也，故曰至阴。勇而劳甚则肾汗出，肾汗出逢于风，内不得入于脏腑，外
不得越于皮肤，客于玄府，行于皮里，传为 肿，本之于肾，名曰风水。所谓玄府者，汗空也。帝曰∶水
俞五十七处者，是何主也？岐伯曰∶肾俞五十七穴，积阴之所聚也，水所从出入也。尻上五行行五者，此肾俞
。故水病下为 肿大腹，上为喘呼，不得卧者，标本俱病，故肺为喘呼，肾为水肿，肺为逆不得卧，分为相输，
俱受者水气之所留也。伏兔上各二行行五者，此肾之街也。三阴之所交结于脚也。踝上各一行行六者，此肾
脉之下行也，名曰太冲。凡
五十七穴者，皆脏之阴络，水之所客也。帝曰∶春
取络脉分肉何也？岐伯曰∶春者木始治，肝气始生，肝气急，其风疾，经脉常深，其气少，不能深入，故取络
脉分肉间。帝曰∶夏取盛经分腠何也？岐伯曰∶夏者火始治，心气始长，脉瘦气弱，阳气留溢，热熏分腠，
内至于经，故取盛经分腠，绝肤而病去者，邪居浅也。所谓盛经者，阳脉也。帝曰∶秋取经俞何也？岐伯曰∶
秋者金始治，肺将收杀，金将胜火，阳气在合，阴气初胜，湿气及体，阴气未盛，未能深入，故取俞以泻阴邪，
取合以虚阳邪，阳气始衰，故取于合。帝曰∶冬取井荥何也？岐伯曰∶冬者水始治，肾方闭，阳气衰少，阴
气坚盛，巨阳伏沉，阳脉乃去，故取井以下阴逆，取荥以实阳气。故曰∶冬取井荥，春不鼽衄。此之谓也。
帝曰∶夫子言治热病五十九俞，余论其意，未能领别其处，愿闻其处，因闻其意。岐伯曰∶头上五行行五者，
以越诸阳之热逆也。大
杼、膺俞、缺盆、背俞，此八者，以泻胸中之热也。气街，三里，巨虚上下廉，此八者，以泻胃中之热
也。云门、 骨、委中、髓空，此八者，以泻四肢之热也。五脏俞旁五，此十者，以泻五脏之热也。凡此
五十九穴者，皆热之左右也。帝曰∶人伤于寒而传为
热何也？岐伯曰∶夫寒盛则生热也。
骨空论∶ （音博）楗（音健）啮（若结切）
水热穴论∶ （音秘）菟（音兔）溜（力救切）鼷（音奚）致（驰二切）
黄帝问道：为什么少阴经主管肾脏？肾脏为什么主管水液代谢？岐伯回答说：肾属于至阴，至阴意味着盛藏水液；肺属于太阴；少阴经对应冬季的脉象。因此，水肿病的根本在肾，标末在肺，都是水液停聚所致。黄帝问：肾脏为什么能聚集水液而引发疾病？岐伯说：肾是胃的关口，如果这个关口功能不利，水液就会积聚并遵循同类相从的原理泛滥。水液向上向下溢出到皮肤，所以形成浮肿。浮肿，就是水液积聚而引发的疾病。黄帝问：所有的肿胀病都产生于肾脏吗？岐伯说：肾是牝脏（阴脏），地气上升归属于肾，从而化生水液，所以说肾为至阴。如果人勇猛过度且劳累严重，就会导致肾汗外出；肾汗外出后若遭遇风邪侵袭，汗液内不能进入脏腑，外不能透达皮肤，便客居于玄府（汗孔），运行于皮里肉间，传变为浮肿，其根本在于肾，这种病名叫风水。所谓玄府，就是汗孔。黄帝问：治疗水病的五十七个穴位，主要主治什么？岐伯说：这五十七个肾俞穴，是积滞的阴气所汇聚的地方，也是水液出入的通道。尻骨上方五行，每行五个穴位，这就是肾俞穴。所以水病患者，下部出现浮肿和大腹积水，上部出现气喘呼叫、不能平卧的症状，这是标本俱病。因此，肺表现为气喘呼叫，肾表现为水肿，肺表现为气逆不能平卧，二者相互输注关联，都是因为水气留滞所致。伏兔穴上方各有两行，每行五个穴位，这是肾经气血通行的街道，是三阴经在足部交汇结聚的地方。脚踝上方各一行，每行六个穴位，这是肾脉下行经过的地方，名叫太冲。总共五十七个穴位，都是脏腑的阴络，是水气停留的场所。黄帝问：春季为什么选取络脉和分肉间的穴位？岐伯说：春季木气开始主令，肝气开始生发，肝气急迫，风气疾速，经脉位置较深，正气相对较少，不能深入，所以选取络脉和分肉之间的穴位。黄帝问：夏季为什么选取盛经（阳经）和分腠（肌肉间隙）的穴位？岐伯说：夏季火气开始主令，心气开始生长，脉道瘦弱、气机衰弱，阳气留滞溢满，热气熏蒸分腠，内达于经脉，所以选取盛经的分腠部位，刺破皮肤使病邪离去，是因为邪气居处浅表。所谓盛经，指的是阳经。黄帝问：秋季为什么选取荥穴和俞穴？岐伯说：秋季金气开始主令，肺气开始收敛肃杀，金气将胜过火气，阳气处于合穴阶段，阴气初胜，湿气波及身体，阴气尚未强盛，不能深入，所以取俞穴以泻除阴邪，取合穴以虚损阳邪，因为阳气开始衰退，所以选取合穴。黄帝问：冬季为什么选取井穴和荥穴？岐伯说：冬季水气开始主令，肾气开始闭藏，阳气衰少，阴气坚盛，巨阳（太阳经）之气伏沉，阳脉之气离去，所以取井穴以下降阴气的逆乱，取荥穴以充实阳气。所以说：冬季取井穴和荥穴，春季就不会发生鼻出血等病症。正是这个意思。黄帝问：先生所说的治疗热病的五十九个穴位，我推究其意，未能明确区分它们的具体位置，希望了解这些穴位的位置，并借此理解其用意。岐伯说：头部五行，每行五个穴位，是用来发散诸阳经上逆的热邪。大杼、膺俞、缺盆、背俞，这八个穴位，是用来泻除胸中的热邪。气街、三里、上巨虚、下巨虚，这八个穴位，是用来泻除胃中的热邪。云门、髃骨（肩髃）、委中、髓空，这八个穴位，是用来泻除四肢的热邪。五脏俞穴旁侧各五个穴位，共十个穴位，是用来泻除五脏的热邪。以上这五十九个穴位，都是热邪所在的左右邻近部位。黄帝问：人受寒邪侵袭却转化为热病，这是什么原因？岐伯说：寒邪极盛则会产生热象。
《骨空论》记载： （音博）楗（音健）啮（若结切）
《水热穴论》记载： （音秘）菟（音兔）溜（力救切）鼷（音奚）致（驰二切）
Huangdi asked: Why does the Shaoyin meridian govern the Kidney? Why does the Kidney govern water metabolism? Qibo replied: The Kidney belongs to Supreme Yin (Zhiyin, the yin aspect that is most profound), and Supreme Yin implies the abundance of water. The Lung belongs to Taiyin. The Shaoyin meridian corresponds to the pulse of Winter. Therefore, the root of edema lies in the Kidney, while its branch extends to the Lung; both involve the accumulation of water. Huangdi asked: Why can the Kidney accumulate water and cause disease? Qibo said: The Kidney acts as the gatekeeper of the Stomach. If this gate is not functioning properly, water accumulates and spreads according to the principle of similarity. Overflowing upward and downward into the skin, it results in edema (swelling). Edema is a disease caused by the accumulation of water. Huangdi asked: Do all cases of swelling originate from the Kidney? Qibo said: The Kidney is a Yin organ (Pinzang). Earthly qi ascending belongs to the Kidney, which generates fluid; thus, it is called Supreme Yin. If one exerts oneself vigorously and works excessively hard, Kidney sweat may occur. If this sweat encounters wind pathogen, it cannot enter the Zang-Fu organs internally, nor can it diffuse through the skin externally. It lodges in the Xuanguan (sweat pores) and travels within the subcutaneous tissue, transforming into edema. Its root is in the Kidney, and this condition is named Fengshui (Wind Edema). What is referred to as Xuanguan are the sweat pores. Huangdi asked: Regarding the fifty-seven acupoints for treating water diseases, what do they primarily govern? Qibo said: These fifty-seven Shushu points are where accumulated Yin gathers and where water enters and exits. The five rows above the sacrum, with five points in each row, constitute the Shushu points. Therefore, when patients with water diseases present with lower body edema and abdominal distension, and upper body symptoms such as panting, calling out, and inability to lie flat, it indicates that both the root and the branch are diseased. Thus, the Lung manifests as panting, the Kidney as edema, and the Lung as rebellious Qi causing inability to lie flat. These two interact and transmit to each other, and both are affected by the retention of Water Qi. Above the Futu point, there are two rows on each side, with five points in each row; these form the pathway of the Kidney, where the three Yin meridians intersect at the feet. Above each ankle, there is one row with six points; this is the descending path of the Kidney meridian, named Taichong. In total, these fifty-seven points are all the Yin collaterals of the Zang organs and the places where Water Qi resides. Huangdi asked: Why are Luomai (Collateral vessels) and Fenrou (intermuscular spaces) selected in Spring? Qibo said: In Spring, Wood begins to govern, and Liver Qi starts to generate. Liver Qi becomes urgent, and Wind moves swiftly. The Jingmai (Main meridians) are deep, and the Zhengqi (Upright Qi) is scant, unable to penetrate deeply. Therefore, points between the Luomai and Fenrou are selected. Huangdi asked: Why are Shengjing (Full Meridians, i.e., Yang meridians) and Fencou (muscle intervals) selected in Summer? Qibo said: In Summer, Fire begins to govern, and Heart Qi starts to grow. The vessels are slender, and Qi is weak. Yang Qi remains abundant and overflows, with heat steaming the Fencou and penetrating inward to the Jingmai. Therefore, Shengjing and Fencou are selected. Puncturing the skin allows the pathogen to depart because the pathogen resides superficially. What is called Shengjing refers to the Yang meridians. Huangdi asked: Why are Yingxue (Spring points) and Shuxue (Stream points) selected in Autumn? Qibo said: In Autumn, Metal begins to govern, and Lung Qi begins to gather and purge. Metal Qi will overcome Fire Qi. Yang Qi is at the He-sea points, and Yin Qi has just begun to prevail. Dampness affects the body, but Yin Qi is not yet strong enough to penetrate deeply. Therefore, Shuxue are used to drain Yin pathogens, and Hexue (He-sea points) are used to empty Yang pathogens, as Yang Qi is beginning to decline. Huangdi asked: Why are Jingwell (Jingxi) and Yingxue points selected in Winter? Qibo said: In Winter, Water begins to govern, and Kidney Qi begins to store. Yang Qi is declining and scant, while Yin Qi is firm and abundant. Juyang (Taiyang) Qi sinks and hides, and Yang meridian Qi departs. Therefore, Jingwell points are used to descend rebellious Yin, and Yingxue points are used to tonify Yang Qi. Thus it is said: Selecting Jingwell and Yingxue points in Winter prevents Biqiu (epistaxis/nosebleed) in Spring. This is what is meant. Huangdi asked: You mentioned fifty-nine acupoints for treating Feibing (Heat diseases). I have pondered their meaning but cannot distinguish their locations. I wish to know their locations and thereby understand their rationale. Qibo said: The five rows on the head, with five points in each row, are used to disperse the rebellious heat of all Yang meridians. Dazhu, Yingxu, Quepen, and Beishu—these eight points—are used to drain heat from the chest. Qijie, Zusanli, Shangjuxu, and Xiajuxu—these eight points—are used to drain heat from the Stomach. Yunmen, Lianqu (shoulder joint), Weizhong, and Suikong—these eight points—are used to drain heat from the four limbs. Wushubangwu (the five points beside each of the Five Zang Shu points)—ten points in total—are used to drain heat from the Five Zang organs. All these fifty-nine points are located adjacent to where Heat resides. Huangdi asked: Why does an invasion by Cold transform into Heat? Qibo said: When Cold is excessive, it generates Heat.
*Gu Kong Lun*: (pronunciation Bo) Jian (pronunciation Jian) Nie (pronunciation Ruo Jie Qie)
*Shui Re Xue Lun*: (pronunciation Mi) Tu (pronunciation Tu) Liu (pronunciation Li Jiu Qie) Xi (pronunciation Xi) Zhi (pronunciation Chi Er Qie)