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Any illness occurring in an infant within one month after birth is attributed to fetal toxin (Tai Du), and the mother must be treated concurrently.

Within the first month of life, an infant's gastrointestinal tract is extremely fragile, and Qi and Blood are not yet sufficient. If minor ailments occur, tonification or purgation should not be administered recklessly. Fear that damaging the Zang-Fu organs will lead to lifelong complications or even premature death; how can one not be vigilant! If decoctions or pills are inevitably used to attack pathogens without disrupting the harmony of Heaven and Human (Zhong He), treatment should cease once the disease is cured, and dosage must never be excessive. When a nursing mother takes medication, another wet nurse must be selected first before any tonifying or purging measures are applied to the biological mother. If the puerpera (postpartum woman) nurses the infant herself, herbal decoctions must not be prescribed indiscriminately. This is because postpartum women suffer from severe deficiency of Qi and Blood, where tonification is indicated but purgation is contraindicated. If the infant suffers from a heat syndrome and the mother is given cooling herbs, it violates postpartum prohibitions and will harm the mother; if warming and tonifying herbs are given, it will exacerbate the infant's heat, thereby harming the child. Physicians hold the fate of human lives in their hands; how can they act recklessly? One must deliberate carefully and cautiously, avoiding actions that would diminish one's hidden virtue (Yin De).

In cases where an infant dies immediately upon birth, urgently inspect the area above the frenulum (Xuan Yong) in the infant's mouth. There will likely be a bubble obstructing the airway. Immediately puncture the bubble with a finger and swiftly wipe away the blood with soft silk cloth. If blood enters the pharynx, death will result.

If an infant is born with weak breath and cannot cry, it is due to difficult labor or exposure to cold. Urgently wrap the infant heavily in cotton wadding and hold them close to your body. Do not cut the umbilical cord immediately. Instead, place the placenta in a pot and boil it over charcoal fire. Then, make an oil wick, ignite it, and pass it back and forth over the umbilical cord to cauterize it. After a moment, warmth will enter the abdomen through the navel, enabling the infant to cry. Only then may the infant be bathed and the cord severed. If this emergency measure is not taken and the cord is cut first, most infants will die and cannot be saved.

If an infant is exposed to cold wind shortly after birth, resulting in nasal congestion and inability to take oral medication, use powder prepared from Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum (Tian Nan Xing). Mix it with fresh juice of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng Jiang) to form a paste, and apply it to the anterior fontanelle (Xuan Men). The condition will resolve spontaneously.

If an infant, whether shortly after birth or within the first month, presents with rapid breathing, wheezing, and chest fullness; closed eyes with redness and excessive discharge; lethargy with frequent yawning; high fever throughout the body; dark, scanty, and painful urination; constipation; and occasional fright and irritability, this is Fetal Heat Syndrome (Tai Re). This is caused by the mother's habitual consumption of pungent, sweet, and hot foods, and her indulgence in warm-natured medicines. Treat with Liang Jing Wan (Cooling Calm Pill) and Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Decoction for Resolving Toxicity).