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The most prominent of floating pulses is the Hong pulse, resembling waves surging on the water surface; the most concealed of sunken pulses is the Fu pulse, resembling traces hidden beneath stones.

Hong pulse is associated with abdominal distension and vomiting, caused by Yin deficiency leading to hyperactive fire floating upward.
It corresponds only to the summer season, characterized by a vigorous onset and a leisurely decline.
(The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: "All cases of abdominal distension and enlargement belong to heat." Vomiting, in its initial stage, belongs to cold; if constrained for a long time, it transforms into heat. The *Classic* also states: "All symptoms of upward rushing belong to fire." When Yin is deficient and Yang is excessive, the pulse is often Hong. It corresponds to the seasonal timing only in summer. Li Shizhen said: "Beating forcefully and floating is the Hong pulse." The *Su Wen* says: "Vigorous arrival and weak departure.")

Symptoms of the Fu pulse require differentiation; in Cold Damage (Shanghan), the depth of inducing sweating is profound.
It cannot be felt at either superficial or deep levels; one must press to the bone to locate it.
(If the pulse is Fu in one hand during Cold Damage, it is called Single Fu; if in both hands, it is called Double Fu. This occurs when Fire pathogen is internally constrained and cannot vent out; extreme Yang resembles Yin, hence the Fu pulse; resolution requires profuse sweating. There is also Cold Damage with internal Yin constraint, where latent Yin cold exists internally while external cold is contracted; Yin is excessive and Yang is deficient, causing cold limbs and six pulses being sunken and Fu. One must administer Ginger (*Sheng Jiang*) and Aconite (*Fu Zi*), and moxa the Guanyuan point, for the pulse to emerge. These two conditions must be strictly distinguished.)

A Chi pulse with intermittent stops is the Jie pulse; a Shuo pulse with intermittent stops is the Cu pulse. Chi with stops indicates Cold constraint, meaning extreme cold; Shuo with stops indicates Heat urgency, meaning extreme heat.

Jie pulse stops amidst a slow rhythm, indicating a patch of Yang deficiency and cold.
For various Yin accumulation disorders, warming and tonification may bring peace.
(Bian Que said: "Severe Jie implies severe accumulation; slight Jie implies slight accumulation. Floating Jie indicates internal accumulation disease; Sunken Jie indicates internal mass formation.")

Cu pulse shape resembles the Shuo pulse; one must observe the intermittent stop.
Yin is depleted while Yang alone is excessive; clearing heat requires only cold-natured herbs.
(Li Shizhen said: "When Sanjiao constrained fire blazes intensely, progression leads to no survival, while regression allows survival." Note: Cu pulse is suitable only for clearing heat and removing steaming; misusing warming and tonifying methods will immediately lead to peril.)

Dong pulse indicates exclusive Yang excess; Dai pulse indicates interruption and is Yin. The transition between Dong and Dai shows alternating manifestations of Yin and Yang.

Dong pulse results from the struggle of Yin and Yang, specifically governing pain and fright.
At the Guan position, it turns like a bean; the Cun and Chi positions are indistinct.
(The *Mai Jing* states: "Dong is a Shuo pulse appearing at the Guan position, without head or tail above or below, large as a bean, trembling violently." Zhang Zhongjing said: "Yin and Yang struggling together is named Dong. Yang Dong causes sweating; Yin Dong causes fever." Li Shizhen said: "Dong pulse specifically governs pain and fright; sweating arises from Yang Dong, fever from Yin Dong.")