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For dislocations and fractures of bone joints, as well as subluxations or dislocations of the elbows, arms, waist, and knees, manual reduction must be employed to restore the bones to their original positions. First, administer an anesthetic to render the patient insensible to pain, after which manipulation may proceed.

The hands and feet each have six sites prone to dislocation and four sites prone to fracture. Each hand has three dislocation sites, and each foot also has three dislocation sites.

Six dislocation sites and four fracture sites in the hand: Dislocation at the root of the palm involves bones that interlock with one another. If dislocated, the clavicle is displaced outward from its normal position; it must be reduced back into the fossa beneath the clavicle.

Regarding dislocation of the elbow joint: The proximal segment of the bone forms the glenoid cavity (mortise), while the distal segment forms the condyle (pestle), locked by surrounding tendons and vessels. Dislocation also damages these tendons. Therefore, if flexion and extension are not restored, it may lead to chronic disability, resulting in an inability to bend or straighten the limb in the future.

Dislocation of the scapular region involves only the dislocation of the arm bones, which should be reduced downward; dislocation of the trunk bones should be reduced upward. It may dislocate to the left or to the right. A pestle-like tool and a small stool are required; the affected limb is placed on the stool for stabilization.

Six dislocation sites and four fracture sites in the foot: Dislocation at the crossing point of the sole requires one person to pull while another palpates the joint. If the bone protrudes inward, correction is necessary to address the misplacement.

Dislocation of the knee and foot is similar to that of the elbow. Whether medial or lateral, one side must be stabilized with splints. This area contains numerous tendons and vessels; post-anesthesia observation is essential.

Dislocation at the root of the thigh: Here, the pelvic bone acts as the mortise, and the femur as the pestle. Whether anterior or posterior dislocation occurs, one person must stabilize the patient's body while another pulls the affected limb to achieve reduction.

Management of spinal fractures: For spinal injuries, direct manual manipulation is contraindicated. Instead, suspend the patient by the feet using a soft rope, allowing gravity to extend the body vertically, which facilitates natural reduction of the vertebrae.

For crushed bones in the hands or feet due to compression, anesthetics must be administered. Incision may be performed; in severe cases, sharp bone fragments should be trimmed with scissors to prevent penetration of the flesh. In cases of comminuted fracture, surgical opening is required.

In orthopedics and treatment of traumatic wounds, pulse diagnosis is essential. If vital organs are damaged, a deficient and rapid pulse indicates critical danger. Even if the external injury is superficial, a deficient and rapid pulse in the life-governing vessels signifies a ominous prognosis. Treatment...