Library

[Su Shi (You) Xuangan's Treatise on Transmitted Corpse Disease] (Recorded in the *Song History: Bibliography*. Title listed as *Su [Name] Xuangan Lun*. Note states: [Name missing]. Also written as "You". According to *Waitai Miyao*, it should be "Su [Name]", which is an error.) Recorded in the Old *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as one volume; lost.

[Xu Shi (Xiaochong)'s Qiezhong Fang] (Recorded in the *Song History: Bibliography* as one volume.) Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as three volumes; lost.
According to the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography*, the name is recorded as "Xu Xiaozong," which is an error. This has been corrected. It is likely that Xiaozong, in the fourth year of Xianqing, collaborated with Li Ji and others to compile the *Bencao Tujing* (Illustrated Materia Medica), eventually attaining the rank of Shangyao Fengyu (Imperial Physician Attendant).

[Yan Nian Mi Lu by Anonymous Author] Recorded in the Old *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as twelve volumes (*Chongwen Zongmu* lists ten volumes); lost.

[Cui Shi (Zhitì)'s Zuanyao Fang] (New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* lists "Cui Xinggong".) Recorded in the Old *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as ten volumes; lost.
Regarding this book, the names of the Cui family members differ between the Old and New *Books of Tang: Bibliography*. Based on citations in *Waitai Miyao*, such as the diagram for moxibustion treating bone-steaming fever, the note states: "Cui Shi's separate record of the bone-steaming moxibustion formula diagram, with preface, written by Cui Zhitì, Vice Director of the Secretariat." It appears to originate from Volume VII, suggesting authorship by Zhitì. However, *Su Shen Neihan Liangfang* records Cui Shi's modified Lizhong Pill, attributing it to the Western Jin dynasty figure Cui Xinggong, leaving uncertainty regarding their identities. Further examination of *Waitai Miyao* reveals another citation: Cui Shi's formula for treating ghostly qi and warding off evil, containing Asafoetida and Benzoin, followed by remarks attributed to Yu Ren, who served as Langzhong (Director) of the Ministry of Revenue. Additionally, under the formula for Xiao Xuming Tang, it states: "When I previously served as Yuanwailang (Vice Director) of the Ministry of Revenue, I suffered from wind-rash." It also mentions service as Dianzhong Shaojian (Junior Supervisor of the Palace). Cross-referencing with the biographies of Cui Zhitì and Cui Xinggong in the Old and New *Books of Tang*, these official titles are absent. However, the stone pillar inscription of Langguan officials presented in the twelfth year of Dazhong lists a Cui Zhitì as Yuanwailang of the Ministry of Revenue. Thus, it is determined to be the work of Cui Zhitì, aligning with the Old Bibliography. *Liangfang* identifies Xinggong as a Western Jin person based on post-script mentions of advising Han Kangbo, Mao Zhongzu, Wang Daoyu, Gu Junmiao, and Yin Zhengan. However, formulas cited by Cui Shi, such as Da Xiao Qianhu Tang and Jinya San, attribute origins to *Huqia Fang*; the formula for treating bone-steaming by the Daoist of Cangwu cites Su You Xuangan's treatise, Luan Gong's Qi-regulating formula, and Liu Juanzi's Licorice Decoction. This confirms the book was not authored by a Jin dynasty figure. The modified Lizhong Pill was compiled by Cui Shi from formulas by Ruan Henan and others.

[Wang Shi (Bo)'s Yiyu Zuanyao] (Recorded in *Yiwen Lüe* as *Yiyu Zuanyao Lun*.) Recorded in the *Song History: Bibliography* as one volume; lost.
The biography in the Old *Book of Tang* states: Wang Bo, courtesy name Zi'an, was from Longmen, Jiangzhou. He understood composition at age six, his构思 (conception) was unimpeded, and his literary style was heroic and vigorous. His talent resembled that of his brother [Name missing]. His father's friend, Du Yijian, often praised him, saying, "This is the Three Pearl Tree of the Wang family." Before reaching adulthood, Wang Bo passed the Yousu examination. In the early Ganfeng era, he presented the *Ode to the Eastern Sacred Mountain* to the court. At that time, the Dongdu (Eastern Capital) was constructing the Gan Yuan Hall, and he submitted an *Ode to the Gan Yuan Hall*. Prince Pei, Xian, hearing of his fame, appointed him as Xiuzhuan (Compiler) in his mansion, favoring him greatly. During cockfighting among princes, where outcomes varied, Wang Bo jokingly wrote the *Proclamation Against Yingwang's Cock*. Emperor Gaozong read it angrily, stating, "This indicates the beginning of sowing discord." He immediately dismissed Wang Bo, forbidding him entry to the mansion. Later, he was appointed Canjun (Assistant) of Guozhou. Arrogant due to his talent, Wang Bo was resented by colleagues. When an official slave, Cao Da, committed a crime, Wang Bo hid him. Fearing exposure, he killed Cao Da to silence him. The incident came to light, and he deserved execution. A general pardon occurred, but he was removed from office. At that time, his father, Fu Zhi, serving as Sihuyuan in Yongzhou, was demoted to Lingzi Ling (Magistrate of Lingzi) due to Wang Bo's misconduct. In the second year of Shangyuan, Wang Bo traveled to Lingzi to visit his father. Passing through the river, he composed the *Ode to Lotus Picking* to express his feelings, noted for its beauty. While crossing the South China Sea, he drowned and died at the age of twenty-eight.
The biography in the New *Book of Tang* states: Wang Bo once told people that sons must understand medicine. At that time, Cao Yuan of Chang'an possessed secret arts. Wang Bo studied with him and mastered the essentials.

[Meng Shi (Shen)'s Bixiao Fang] Recorded in the Old *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as ten volumes; lost.

[Buyang Fang] Recorded in the Old *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as three volumes; lost.

[Tai Pu Yi Fang by Yang Shi (Anonymous)] (Recorded in *Youyou Xinshu* as *Yang Taiye Fang*.) Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as one volume, noting the author is unknown. Presented in the second year of Tianshou; lost.

[Suishen Beiji Fang by Zhang Shi (Wenzhong)] Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as three volumes; lost.
The biography in the Old *Book of Tang* states: Zhang Wenzhong was from Luoyang, Luozhou. In his youth, he and fellow townsman Li Qianzong, along with Wei Cizang from Jingzhao, were renowned for medical skills. Wenzhong served as Siyiyi (Attending Physician) in the early reign of Empress Wu Zetian. At that time, Tejin Su Liangsi fainted while bowing in the palace hall. Empress Wu ordered Wenzhong and Cizang to visit him at his residence. Wenzhong said, "This is caused by stagnation of pathogenic qi due to grief and indignation. If pain attacks the flanks, it will become severe and difficult to save." Monitoring from morning until mealtime, the patient suffered flank cramping pain. Wenzhong said, "If the disease enters the heart, it cannot be treated." Shortly after, chest pain occurred, and no further medicine was administered. The patient died at dusk. Wenzhong was particularly skilled in treating wind diseases. Later, Empress Wu ordered Wenzhong to gather contemporary famous physicians to compile formulas for treating wind and qi disorders, supervised by Wang Fangqing, Jian of Lin Tai. Wenzhong memorialized: "Wind comprises 124 types, and qi comprises 80 types. Although the basic pharmacology is similar, human constitutions vary. Unskilled physicians fail to understand drug properties, causing imbalance in winter and summer, leading to death. Only Hongxiangjiao (Hong Kong foot/ gout), Toufeng (Head wind), and Shangqi (Ascending qi) require continuous medication. Others should be treated according to their onset, adjusting temporarily. For those with wind-qi disorders, during late spring and early summer, and late autumn, purgation is necessary to prevent severe debility." Thus, he compiled eighteen formulas for regular seasonal use and varying severities, presenting them in a memorial. Wenzhong died in office as Shangyao Fengyu during the Jiushi era. His *Suishen Beiji Fang* (Three Volumes) circulated widely.

[Faxiang Lun] Recorded in the *Song History: Bibliography* as one volume; lost.

[Wang Shi (Fangqing)'s Suishen Zuoyou Baifa Bazhong Beiji Fang] Ten volumes; lost.
As seen in the Old *Book of Tang* biography, this title resembles that compiled by Zhang Wenzhong, differing only in volume count. Perhaps Wenzhong abridged and edited Fangqing's work?

[Xingshi (Xisheng)'ing Yao Beiji Fang] Recorded in the *Song History: Bibliography* as one volume; lost.
According to *Waitai Miyao*, nine formulas by Zhang Wenzhong for treating various winds are attributed to the collection by Vice Minister Xisheng.

[Duan Shi (Yuanliang)'s Bingyuan Shoujing] Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as one volume; lost.

[Fu Shi (Shi)'s Yi Yuan] Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as one volume; lost.

[San Jia Hongxiangjiao Lun by Wu Shi (Sheng): Su Jing, Xu Wang, and Tang Shizhong] Recorded in the *Song History: Bibliography* as one volume (according to *Waitai Miyao*, should be two volumes); lost.
Wang Tao stated: Wu Shi privately investigated formulas for Hongxiangjiao (Gout/Hong Kong Foot) by Su Changshi, Tang Shizhong, and Xu Wang. Having suffered personally for thirty to twenty years, each described theories of qi, all reasonable. They detailed moxibustion acupoints and comprehensive medical formulas, claiming successful trials. Their transmission and use have indeed yielded cures, not false claims. I have compiled these three works into two volumes, organizing similar categories. I marked the surnames Su, Tang, and Xu in red, transmitting them within my school to aid in curing diseases. (*Waitai Miyao*)

[Kaiguangji Fang by Emperor Xuanzong] Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as five volumes; lost.
The Annals of Emperor Xuanzong in the Old *Book of Tang* state: On the day Jisi of the ninth month in the eleventh year of Kaiyuan, the Emperor promulgated his compiled *Guangji Fang* throughout the realm, ordering each province to appoint one Medical Doctor (Yi Boshi).
Wang Yinglin stated: On the day Guiwei of the eighth month in the fifth year of Tianbao, an edict ordered *Guangji Fang* to be selected by capable local officials, recorded on large wooden boards, and displayed in neighborhoods and villages.

[Tianbao Danxing Fang] Lost.
Referenced in the commentary on *Jixuecao Tujing* in *Zhenglei Bencao*.

[Zhenren Zhouhou Fang by Liu Shi (Kuang)] Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as three volumes; lost.
The biography of Liu Zixuan in the Old *Book of Tang* states: Liu Zixuan's son, Kuang, was versed in classics and history, proficient in astronomy, calendar, music, medicine, and calculation. He died as Qi Ju Lang (Historiographer). He compiled *Liujing Waizhuan* (37 volumes), *Xu Shuoyuan* (10 volumes), *Taile Hebi Ji* (3 volumes), *Zhenren Zhouhou Fang* (3 volumes), and *Tianguan Jiushi* (1 volume).

[Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang by Wang Shi (Tao)] Recorded in the New *Book of Tang: Bibliography* as forty volumes; extant.
Preface by the author: In ancient times, when Shennong governed the world, he tasted hundreds of herbs and established nine pulse diagnoses to rectify yin-yang changes, diagnosing to save lives from critical illness, thereby ensuring the peace and health of his subjects. How vast! When the Zhou kings reigned, there were also high ministers who mastered medical arts, managing regulations and gathering toxic substances for treatment. At year's end, they were assessed, and salaries determined. Perfect cure rates were ranked highest, while four failures ranked lowest. Our dynasty follows this canon, aiming for the mean. We established medical schools and promulgated good formulas to harmonize primordial qi. What could surpass the virtue of sages? Thus, the constant way of the Three Dynasties remains unchanged by hundred kings, originating from afar. Since the works of Leigong, Qibo, Cang Gong, Huan Gong, and the rise of Peng Zu, Bian Que, Hua Tuo, and Zhang Zhongjing, benevolent and wise figures emerged intermittently over nearly a thousand years, producing over ten thousand volumes of formulas. They exceeded the capacity of chariots and halls. Yet, with long history, bamboo slips decayed. What was detailed was broad, but what was omitted might be deep. Researching slips requires double effort; choosing between sweet and bitter arguments is difficult. I had no time to oversee editing myself. I suffered many illnesses in childhood and loved medicine in adulthood. Encountering a righteous era, I advanced through officialdom. I passed the imperial examinations seven times and held posts in the Eastern Gate for two terms. Serving frequently in the academies for over twenty years, I became familiar with the texts and medical books of the Hongwen Academy, penetrating their mysteries. Due to marital reasons, I was demoted to govern Fangling, then transferred to Daning Commandery. Traveling northward along the river, enduring humid heat, in remote and crude regions, I contracted miasma and goiter in six or seven out of ten cases. Life and death were unpredictable, asking heaven was futile. Fortunately, classical formulas allowed me to survive. Their divine efficacy is hard to describe. Thus, I resolved to edit and publish, hoping to preserve a fragment. I collected fifty-six families of ancient formulas and nearly thousands of newly compiled volumes. I studied their general principles and verified their intentions. Modern compilers like Monk Shenshen, Chancellor Cui, Scholar Sun, Zhang Wenzhong, Meng Tongzhou, Xu Renze, and Wu Sheng, among ten-plus families, have compiled works circulating today. Beautiful, yet imperfect. Why? Each excels in style but contradicts others. Some chapters are repetitive; some discussions are verbose. Now, I extract essences, condense key points, working day and night. Discarding the gravel of the wise and collecting the feathers of talents, I reviewed repeatedly for months. Covering from Yan Di and Huang Di to the High Tang, I gathered omissions and investigated secrets, striving for diligence. A guest saw my work and exclaimed, "Oh, how erudite! Has learning reached this point?" I replied, "I desire longevity, not mere scholarship. Regarding following nature and transcending emotion, I have heard of it. Using drugs to treat disease may offer hope." He said, "Life and form have fixed destinies. What can medicine do against fate?" I strongly disagreed. Let us discuss. Unregulated emotions, irregular diet, desires attacking the center, cold and heat injuring the exterior—such ailments, are they from heaven? As subjects and sons, governing family to state, near to far, how easy is it? Thus, sages should not open golden chests, nor should the wise list jade tablets. I am ashamed of such talk. The guest agreed. Alas! Between Qi and Liang, those ignorant of medicine were not considered filial. The conduct of Zeng Shen and Min Ziqian required such dedication. Without thoroughly investigating disease sources and deep formulas, even a hundred doctors guarding a patient and doors full of medicine would only increase doubt without curing. The Sovereign honors the wise and values the Way, nurturing life and praying for longevity. Thus, Mr. Zhang, Wang, Li, etc., entered the court, admired and consulted. Treasures like Hongbao, Jinkui, Qingnang, and Lvzhi are abundant. Knowing the sun and moon shine far, and the sage influences deeply, regarding conserving spirit and nourishing harmony, I dare to collect and record what was previously unheard of, completing the task. If distinguishing heaven-earth numbers and yin-yang signs, harmonizing Jingqu meridian for excess qi, tonifying Fuliu for deficient will—I have heard the words but met no one. I await future philosophers. The work comprises forty volumes, named *Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang*. Not intended for urban transmission, but for future scholars. If consulted, I will not hide anything. This year is the eleventh year of Tianbao, in the cycle Zhi Chu, waxing moon.
Biography of Wang in the New *Book of Tang*: Wang Tao, grandson of Wang [Name], was extremely filial. Serving as Sima of Xuzhou, when his mother was ill for a year, he never removed his official belt, preparing decoctions. He frequently studied with eminent physicians, mastering their arts. He compiled his knowledge into a book titled *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, praised for its clarity and treasured by the world. He served as Jishizhong and Taishou of Ye Commandery, renowned for his governance.
Preface by Sun Zhao: "Wai Tai" refers to the role of a Cishi (Prefect). "Mi Yao" means secret pivot and essential. Tang scholar Wang Tao served in the academies for over twenty years, accessing ancient and modern formulas from Shennong to the Tang era. He compiled forty volumes of classical formulas, all secret pivots of various methods. Being sent to govern externally, it is called *Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang*. It contains 1,104 categories, prefaced by Chao Yuanfang's *Bingyuan* and various debates. One school of thought is not insufficient. Wang was a Confucian; though his medical skill did not reach Sun Simiao, his selection of formulas captured essentials, akin to Cui Shi and Meng Shen. Ancient works like Zhang Wenzhong's *Jiyan Duanju Fang* were highly regarded but mostly lost. Though cited, distinctions are unclear. Wang's compilation titles sources clearly, aiding learners. This is his strength. He claimed acupuncture kills the living but cannot revive the dead, preferring moxibustion, a bias in medical practice. Errors abound due to missing texts and copying mistakes over dynasties. Even imperial libraries lacked good editions. The state ordered Confucian scholars to correct medical texts. I accepted the mandate, deleting redundant formulas, annotating variations, clarifying errors. Unlike the Western Han where physician Li Zhuguo compared techniques without Confucian oversight, I used my scholarly knowledge to correct, leaving doubts for future philosophers. Total forty volumes plus directory. May the Sovereign's virtue spread benevolence, benefiting the realm, assisting heaven and earth in generation, regulating life and death, preventing epidemics and premature death, bringing joy to creation. Former Jiangshilang, Acting Diannong Cheng, Co-corrector of Medical Texts, Sun Zhao respectfully submits.
Hong Mai stated: *Wai Tai Mi Yao* records a formula for subduing tigers, stating that upon reaching the mountain base, one closes... and the tiger flees. I argue that encountering a tiger suddenly causes panic, making hiding urgent, not walking calmly chanting seven characters. I recorded this from northern readings for amusement. This book was written by Wang Tao, grandson of Wang [Name]. Biography says he cared for his sick mother, studied with physicians, mastered arts, and compiled the book, praised for clarity. This seems a lack of deep investigation. (*Rongzhai Sibiji*)
Zhao Xibian stated: *Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang*, 40 volumes, authored by Wang Tao of Tang. Tao's preface mentions obtaining thousands of ancient formula volumes, describing symptoms, and compiling formulas, talismans, and acupuncture methods.
Chen Zhen Sun stated: *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, 40 volumes, authored by Wang Tao, Taishou of Ye Commandery, Tang Dynasty. Self-prefaced in the 11th year of Tianbao. The book extensively collects formulas from various schools, such as *Zhouhou* and *Qianjin*, still common today. Rare works like *Duanju*, *Shenshi*, Cui Shi, Xu Renze, and Zhang Wenzhong are preserved here. Most medical texts circulated were corrected during Emperor Renzong's reign. According to *Huiyao*, in the 2nd year of Jia [Dao], the Bureau for Correcting Medical Texts was established. Zhang Yuxi and Lin Yi handled校对, Zhang Dun handled collation, Su Song and others corrected. Later, Sun Qi, Gao Baoheng, and Sun Zhao joined. Upon completion, memorials were submitted, prefaces written, and texts printed at the Imperial Academy, including *Bencao Tujing*, *Qianjin Yifang*, *Jinkui Yaolue*, and *Shanghan Lun*. All learned ancient formulas. Alas, the dynasty's benevolence is vast!
Wang [Name] stated: Wang Tao's *Wai Tai Mi Yao* details formulas, symptoms, talismans, and moxibustion well. However, claiming acupuncture kills the living but cannot revive the dead is a biased view. (*Qingyan Cong*)
Xu Dachun stated: Wang Tao's *Wai Tai* compiles formulas from the Han dynasty onwards, preserving历代 (dynastic) formulas comprehensively. However, the author was not a specialist, lacking critical selection, making it a reference book. Nevertheless, pre-Tang formulas are preserved thanks to this book, an undeniable merit. Readers without a clear framework may find conflicting theories and mixed formulas confusing. (*Yixue Yuanliu Lun*)
Summary of the Siku Quanshu: *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, 40 volumes, authored by Wang Tao of Tang. Tao was the grandson of Wang [Name]. The *Book of Tang* biography notes his extreme filial piety, serving as Sima of Xuzhou, caring for his ill mother for a year, preparing decoctions. He studied with eminent physicians, mastering their arts, and compiled *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, praised for clarity and treasured by the world. He served as Jishizhong and Taishou of Ye. The Bibliography lists *Wai Tai Mi Yao* (40 vols) and *Wai Tai Yaolüe* (10 vols). The latter is lost; only *Mi Yao* survives. This edition was corrected by Sun Zhao et al. in the 4th year of Zhiping (Song) and reprinted by Cheng Yandao (Ming). It includes Tao's preface (11th year of Tianbao), an imperial decree from the 2nd year of Huang [You], and Sun Zhao's correction preface. The title page lists Lin Yi et al. as heads of the correction bureau. Tao served in the academies for over twenty years, accessing Hongwen Academy texts. The book was completed while governing Ye. His title included "Holding the节 (Tally) of Ye Commandery Military Affairs and Acting Prefect," hence "Wai Tai" (External Platform/Prefecture). *Shulu Jieti* calls it *Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang*; the preface agrees. The *Book of Tang* and Sun Zhao's preface omit "Fang," likely abbreviated. The book has 1,104 categories, discussing theory before formulas, primarily based on Chao Yuanfang's *Bingyuan*. Each item cites the original source volume, a method pioneered by Tao, showing precision. Formulas often derive from ancient secret transmissions. Chen Zhen Sun, in the late Southern Song, already noted citations from *Duanju* and *Shenshi*