Library

[Li's (Zhongzi) Shanghan Kuoyao] Two volumes. Not seen.
Wang Hu said: *Shanghan Kuoyao* was just written by Li Zhongzi (courtesy name Shicai) of Yunjian in the early years of the Shunzhi reign. The book consists of two volumes. The upper volume begins with "General Discussion on Cold Damage" and ends with "Rouke Syndrome". The lower volume begins with "General Discussion on Five Syndromes" and ends with "Heatstroke and Dampness Strike". At the end, besides attaching the one hundred and thirteen formulas of Zhang Zhongjing, it further attaches fifty-six miscellaneous formulas. The syndromes are complete, the methods are detailed, and the discussions are clear and concise. The title "Kuoyao" (Compendium of Essentials) truly lives up to its name. I (Wang Hu) believe that beginners should read this book carefully, but the formulas therein should not be applied rigidly; they must be used flexibly.

[Li's (?) Shanghan Shuwei] Three volumes. Extant.
[Wu's (Sichang) Shanghan Zhengzong] Not seen.
*Hangzhou Prefecture Gazetteer* records: Wu Sichang, courtesy name Maoxian, was a native of Renhe. His family practiced medicine for generations. In the early days of the dynastic transition, a great plague broke out, and Wu Sichang saved many people. Wu had unique insights. The Governor-General of Zhejiang once suffered from a critical illness. Wu Sichang alone defied public opinion and administered ice water, resulting in the patient's immediate recovery. The Governor-General respected and treated him like a deity, saying, "Your medical skills are so superb; do you have anyone to pass them on to?" Wu Sichang replied, "There is Pan Xizhi of Song'erban, who has followed me the longest." The Governor-General said, "You will achieve immortality." Later, due to excessive work causing blindness, he lived at Hezhu and wrote *Shanghan Zhengzong*, *Yixue Huiye*, and other books, which were circulated.

[Pan's (Ji) Shanghan Dazhi] Not seen.
Note: The above appears in *Renhe County Gazetteer*.
*Hangzhou Prefecture Gazetteer* records: Pan Ji, courtesy name Shuofu, pseudonym Denglin. He was known for filial piety and fraternal duty in his youth. He sold medicine in the city, and people compared him to Han Boxiu (a famous hermit and herbalist of the Han Dynasty). Hundreds of students studied under him. Observing his demeanor, one could immediately recognize him as a disciple of the Pan school. Initially, because his brother was prone to illness, Pan Ji specifically went to study under Wang Shaolong. He spent all day diagnosing pulses and preparing medicines, penetrating deep and hidden principles, and understanding divine-like medical arts. He wrote *Yideng Xuyan* (Continued Flame of the Medical Lamp), doing great service to the world.

[Zhang's (Lu) Shanghan Xulun] Two volumes. Extant.
General Discussion says: I have often read the *Shanghan Book* compiled by Wang Shuhe of the Jin Dynasty, and I have never failed to put down the book and sigh three times. Alas! Fortunately, Wang Shuhe was a meritorious official to Zhang Zhongjing. Without Wang Shuhe's compilation, the *Shanghan Book* would have been lost like the *Zubing Lun* (Treatise on Sudden Illness). How could one know about the diagnosis and treatment of the Six Channels? Even if analyzing and discussing, there would be no place to start. Studying the compilations of these two masters, each had its inadequacies. I, presumptuously, took Zhang Zhongjing's original text again, re-divided the categories, selected annotations from various schools of Shanglun, and combined them with my own views to complete the *Zuanlun*. However, much has been lost, and the diagnosis and treatment are incomplete. I plan to collect discussions from various schools to supplement it. Although there are mutual innovations, there is inevitably confusion from divergent paths. Thus, it is necessary to extensively collect the words of past sages to compile them. Unfortunately, famous doctors of successive generations have successively inherited and elaborated, failing to mark them one by one. I have tentatively arranged them according to the order of syndrome categories. Readers should not let the words obscure the meaning. I respectfully narrate the transmission of the Six Channels, combined diseases and concurrent diseases, standard and branch treatment methods, as well as True Cold Damage, Lianggan (Double Exposure), Cold Strike on the Three Yin, Winter Warmth, Cold Epidemic Wind Strike, Warm Disease, Wind Warmth, Seasonal Transmission, Big Head Plague, Warm Epidemic, Warm Malaria, Warm Toxin, Yang Toxin, Yin Toxin, Heat Disease, Heatstroke, Damp-Warmth, Dampness Strike, Wind-Dampness, Damp-Heat, Spasm Disease, Internal Injury, Empty Irritability, Hongkong Foot (Gout), Cholera, Internal Abscess, Red Diaphragm, Yellow Ear, Food Clumping, Phlegm Clumping, Water Clumping, Blood Clumping, Qi Clumping, Yin Clumping, Rain Exposure, Drowning, Pregnancy, Postpartum, etc., totaling forty syndromes, along with examining prognosis and death syndromes, analyzing and discussing them one by one.

Wang Hu said: The upper volume of *Xulun* narrates the transmission of the Six Channels, combined diseases and concurrent diseases, standard and branch treatment methods, as well as True Cold Damage, Lianggan, Cold Strike on the Three Yin, Winter Warmth, Cold Epidemic, Wind Strike, etc., totaling forty syndromes. This is followed by methods of pulse diagnosis, color observation, and disease coercion. The lower volume of *Xulun* further classifies one hundred syndromes such as fever and headache, containing one hundred and forty-nine miscellaneous formulas, and additionally attaches acupuncture and moxibustion point methods. This discussion indeed supplements the deficiencies of Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* and Cheng Wuji's *Mingli Lun*. It is only regrettable that most of the compiled formulas and discussions from past sages do not indicate names. However, there are also many obscure points, so learners should distinguish them carefully.

[*Shanghan Dacheng*] Not seen.
Note: The above appears in *Wuxian County Gazetteer*.

[Lu's (Qi) Shanghan Jieshu] Hai Ning Xu Mu, Two volumes. Not seen.
[He's (Zhen) Shanghan Huowen] Not seen.
Note: The above appears in *Bencao Gangmu Bixu Leizuan*.

[Shao's (Sanshan) Shanghan Bianlve] Not seen.
Preface by You Tong: There is a saying: "If a doctor does not practice for three generations, do not take their medicine." This is why the ancients used the metaphors of "three broken arms" and "nine broken limbs." However, since Bian Que and Cang Gong, those who inherit their traditions in subsequent generations have become fewer and fewer. In our Wu region during the Yongle era, there was Liu Yi, Liu Yi's son Liu Guan, and Liu Guan's son Liu Bo. During the Chenghua era, there was Zhou [Name Missing], Zhou [Name Missing]'s son Zhou Fumu, and Zhou Fumu's son [Name Missing]. All served in the palace and government offices with their skills, becoming famous at the time. Later, they became scarce. From what I have seen, Mr. Sanshan Shao can save people using the *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Formulas for Handbooks). The shoes of those seeking treatment are always full outside his door. Because he embodies the spirit of Yue Ren (Bian Que), whether treating the elderly, children, or gynecological conditions, he treats them all. I was born sickly and often relied on his medical skills to treat my ailments. From youth to old age, we associated for a long time without growing tired. However, his family tradition originated from his father, Mr. Chunshan. I knew him since childhood. Tracing back to the founder, it originated from his grandfather, Mr. Nianshan, who was truly the leader of the Qi-Huang (Yellow Emperor and Shennong) tradition. Thus, the Shao family's medicine indeed conforms to the "Three Generations" theory. Nianshan once personally handed over Huangfu Mi's *Mingyi Zhizhang* (Clear Medical Guidelines) to Chunshan, which was revised, supplemented, and printed. However, the section on Cold Damage was still missing. He intended to reference the works of Jie'an and Mengzhai to complete it, but had the ambition without achieving it. Now Sanshan has exhausted his life's effort to write *Shanghan Bianlve*, extracting subtleties and mysteries, detailing even the finest points. His refutation of Yu Jiayan's *Shanglun Pian* especially corrects previous errors. Regarding this path, is it not a case of both cutting and polishing, carving and grinding? The先生 inherited his grandfather's tradition, deepened and expanded it. His son Mingshan succeeded him. Is the Shao family's medicine merely three generations? It is perhaps like the divination of Jingzhong, saying "Five generations will prosper, eight generations will surpass all." I heard that during the Spring and Autumn period, there were Yi He and Yi Huan. Why were doctors named "He" (Harmony) and "Huan" (Slowness/Calm)? Harmony and Calm are the way of medicine. If the spirit is harmonious and the qi is calm, then the pulse is level and diseases do not arise. As for the先生's medicine, although I cannot name it, he surely obtained the essence of He and Huan. (From *Genzhai Gao*)

[Gu's (Xianzhang) Xin Zuan Shanghan Suyuan Ji] Six volumes. Extant.
Brief Self-Preface: I accidentally obtained a copy of *Quansheng Ji*, which was written by Tao Junjie'an. This book grasps the secrets of Zhang Zhongjing and reveals the hidden depths of former sages. Attack and tonification merge perfectly, cold and warmth are appropriate. Although the language seems superficial, the meaning is profound. If not analyzed clearly and thoroughly, how will future learners obtain its subtle meanings? Therefore, I compiled, annotated, and explained it, leaving nothing out. I collected cases from former sages to broaden variations and examined the principles of formula preparation to understand their uses, making the pages bright and clear, free of doubt. Hence, it is named *Shanghan Suyuan* (Tracing the Source of Cold Damage).

[Qin's (Zhizhen) Shanghan Dabai] Four volumes. Extant.
Preface by Gao Chongnan: Examining ancient times, before Confucianism existed, medicine came first. Heaven gave birth to the people, and before Houji taught agriculture and Duke of Zhou and Confucius taught learning, the Yellow Emperor, Shennong, and Qibo tasted hundreds of herbs and treated diseases. Indeed, people avoided premature death, allowing the population to grow. Once populous, then agriculture was taught to enrich them, and learning was taught to educate them. Thus, we know that doctors are the root of saving lives, farmers are the source of sustaining life, and educators are the path of human relations. If so, protecting the people starts with regulating their illnesses, then enriching and educating them. Therefore, I paid attention to medicine, constantly exploring. My ancestral home was Fengtian. My late father served as Canzheng in the capital, so we lived under the imperial roof. Doctors from all over the world gathered in the capital. I heard that famous doctors emerged in Songjiang, but they were mostly recluses and did not come to the capital, so I could not meet them for investigation. Since the spring of Xinmao, when I transferred to Changmen in Suzhou, I saw the book by Qin Huangshi of Yunjian, titled *Zhengyin Maizhi* (Syndrome, Etiology, Pulse, and Treatment), published by his nephews Yu Zhan and others. The book distinguishes external and internal injuries, and treatment distinguishes meridians, exterior, and interior. Examining symptoms to understand etiology, and examining etiology to understand pulse and treatment. I sighed upon hearing that Songjiang had many famous doctors; this book indeed benefits the world. But because I was far away in Yushan, and the先生 closed his door and refused visitors, I could not see him daily. In the year Guisi, dredging the Dongjiang River was not completed. Various officials reported to the provincial governor, who inspected Songjiang. The author Qin, whose family lived by the river, and I discussed for ten days. When公务 allowed, resting at his home, I saw *Shanghan Dabai* and *Nuke Qieyao* on the shelf. The sentences were clear, and the treatments hit the mark. Truly "Dabai" (Great Clarity) and "Qieyao" (Essential Precision). This is the result of the先生's investigation of things and realization in his later years, added with unwavering heart and unceasing effort. The following year, Chen Jingfu and his brothers from Xin'an donated funds for printing and asked me to write a preface. I thought Mr. Qin's works were truly great merits, truly able to bring the dead back to life and prevent premature death. Mr. Chen's donation for printing was no small virtue; it was truly preserving the people and assisting the masses together with the Jingfu brothers. Therefore, I happily wrote this preface. Time: Summer of the Jiawu year of Kangxi. Current Supervisor of Suzhou Prefecture, Managing Suzhou-Songjiang Naval Fleet and Coastal Defense, Tongzhi, Year-Brother Gao Chongnan.

[Wang's (Chuncun) Xiaoci Beilan Shanghan Bian] Four volumes. Extant.
Preface by Fu Wanglu: Xu Yinzong of the Tang Dynasty discussed medicine, saying: "What my mind understands, my mouth cannot express." I believe that if the mouth cannot express, it is because the mind has not truly understood. Yao Puti discussed medical arts with Emperor Wu of Liang, speaking mostly through implication. Only because his mind had true understanding, his words were clear, without obscure doubts. Yue Ren (Bian Que) prescribed formulas without waiting for pulse taking, color observation, listening to sounds, or writing forms. Hearing the yang aspect of the disease, he discussed its yin aspect; hearing the yin aspect, he discussed its yang aspect. Thus, traveling less than a thousand li, his judgments were numerous. There is no other reason; what his mouth expressed was what his mind understood. Otherwise, regarding ancient diagnostic methods like the *Nanjing*, were they really unable to be expressed orally and casually written down? Wang Chuncun was a prominent scholar and particularly skilled in medicine. He was the nephew of my relative Qingyi. Previously, Qingyi's older brother Dunfu occasionally suffered from abdominal pain and vomiting. When I went to examine him, doctors gathered, all saying it was a minor illness with no major harm. Soon Chuncun arrived, alarmed, saying: "The six pulses are sunken and hidden. Fortunately, there is no cold extremity or sweating. We must urgently administer Shenfu Decoction." Those who heard this all laughed at his absurdity. From Chen hour to Wu hour, he indeed developed cold extremities and sweating. Asking him to diagnose again, he said: "Cold pathogen directly trapped in the Three Yin meridians; it cannot be treated with medicine." Chuncun studied with Dunfu in his youth and had a deep bond. His elegiac poem contains the lines: "Tears dye the peach blossom water a thousand feet deep, dreams entangle the jade peak nine spiritual cinnabar." Emotion overflowed in words, probably because his intent was true, so his speech was thus earnest. Later, Chuncun remained long in the examination halls, resenting that his literary talents were not recognized by the times. He devoted himself more to studying medicine, becoming increasingly miraculous. In the summer of Guichou, an epidemic spread. Wherever Chuncun went, severe cases recovered. For the poor who could not afford medicine, he gave them money and provided decoctions, saving countless lives. Praise for his virtue filled the neighborhoods. One day he passed by me, drinking wine and discussing literature, showing me the complete edition of *Xiaoci Beilan*. Various departments, gynecology, pediatrics, were all listed, but the four volumes on Cold Damage were the first. It distinguished yin and yang, separated zang-fu, clarified the Six Channels, established five strategies, detailed questions, examined decoctions. Discussions had origins, language had no branches. It differentiated what vulgar doctors had not differentiated and revealed what ancients had not revealed. Was this not the "three broken arms" (experience) in this path? Examining *Yuji Zhenzang Lun*: "Wind is the chief of all diseases. Wind brings cold; cold enters with wind. Therefore, diseases among Cold Damage are the most numerous, and deaths among Cold Damage are the easiest." I strongly advised printing it first, so that filial sons and loving fathers in the world could clearly understand the cause of illness and methods of treatment, and allow contemporary physicians to obtain golden needles for embroidery (master exquisite skills), saving tens of millions of people annually. Would not the merit of this compilation be great? Thus, Chuncun not only expressed it orally but also wrote it down. If he did not have true understanding in his mind, how could he achieve this? Han Yu said: "Take from the heart and pour into the hand, flowing continuously, pure and then expansive." Then, observing Chuncun's medicine, one can know his literature. I heard Chuncun failed the examinations in Dingyou and Guimao twice. If he had succeeded in literature, how could he have completed this compilation to divine his art of benefiting people and things? Nevertheless, those who cultivate virtue must receive rewards. Who knows that Heaven will not reveal his accumulated virtue to assist the Sage Emperor in his long-lasting transformation and flourishing, creating a prosperous age that prolongs life and benefits the people, elevating them to the realm of benevolence and longevity? This is the preface. Mid-day of the ninth month, Jia Yin year of Yongzheng. Year-Marriage Brother Yusi Fu Wanglu wrote.

Examples say: This compilation is divided into four volumes. The first discusses Cold Damage treatment methods, the exterior-interior relationships of the twelve meridians and zang-fu, as well as combined diseases, concurrent diseases, Lianggan, etc., down to the rationale of inspection, auscultation/olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, and the appropriateness of pulse diagnosis. All are discussed in detail and distinguished clearly. This is Volume One. Next, it discusses what is contained in the Six Channels' yin and yang. Within the questions on Taiyang pulse and syndromes, it lists the governing formulas of the "Release Strategy"; within Yangming, the "Resolve Strategy"; within Shaoyang, the "Harmonize Strategy"; within the Stomach proper, Fu organs, and transmission meridians of the Three Yang, the "Clear Strategy"; within direct strike to the Three Yin, the "Rescue Strategy". For example, which strategy and formula suit which syndrome are filled and noted under that syndrome. Having the syndrome means having the formula, making it very convenient to check. This is Volume Two. Next, it discusses that Cold Damage has different similar and transformed syndromes, some spreading via meridians, some occurring in each channel, with myriad病情. It generally lists questions, and for all suitable for release, resolve, harmonize, clear, or rescue, it lists formulas under each syndrome, enabling verification during clinical practice and matching formulas to syndromes. All untreatable death syndromes are also listed clearly for timely action. This is Volume Three. Next, it discusses temporal and geographical differences. For instance, Zhang Zhongjing's Mahuang and Guizhi formulas, though perfect, are often unsuitable for modern use. Therefore, five strategies were established, selecting famous historical decoctions, assigned to each channel, namely Release, Resolve, Harmonize, Clear, and Rescue. A total of ninety-nine formulas are listed, with numbers noted under each syndrome. This is Volume Four. However, discussions have origins, and intentions are not constrained. The compiler may seem to have worked hard, but readers should not laugh.

[Zhang's (Deng) Shanghan Shejian] One volume. Extent.
Self-Preface: I once read Zhongjing's book, which only mentioned white tongue coating and slippery texture, without yellow, black, prickles, or cracks. It was not until *Jingjin Lu* that thirty-six diagrams were collected. Later, *Guan She Xinfa* expanded to one hundred and thirty-seven. Why are there so many changes in syndromes in later generations? Shouldn't we know that as Cold Damage transmits from exterior to interior, the tongue coating must change from white and slippery to other colors, unlike latent pathogens and plagues where heat toxins reach the exterior from within, showing yellow and black coatings immediately. Looking at Zhongjing's discussions, seeing white tongue coating and slippery texture, he said it was difficult to treat. How could mis-treatment lead to changes? Thus, Zhongjing only mentioned white coating, revealing a part of the whole, without being trivial. Later generations lacked the ability of former sages to treat disease before it arises, so they were forced to debate repeatedly to enlighten the ignorant. Generally, when pathogenic qi enters the interior, the mechanisms of deficiency/excess and cold/heat must manifest on the tongue, unlike pulse methods which are hidden. Moreover, Yin excess repelling Yang, and pathogenic heat stagnation, often present false syndromes and false pulses. Only by inspecting the slipperiness, dryness, thickness, and thinness of the tongue coating can one see clearly like ice and mirrors, with nowhere to hide. Thus, taking *Guan She Xinfa*, correcting errors, deleting redundancy, eliminating irrelevance to Cold Damage, and adding records from my father's treatments and my own experiences, I obtained one hundred and twenty diagrams, naming it *Shanghan Shejian* (Mirror of Cold Damage Tongues), submitting it to printing to share with colleagues. As an aid to clinical practice. Second month of Wushen year of Kangxi, Danxian Zhang Deng wrote at Juanyong Hall.

Four Treasures Library Catalog Abstract: *Shanghan Shejian*, one volume, written by Zhang Deng of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Deng, courtesy name Danxian, was from Wujiang. This book details methods of observing tongues in Cold Damage, dividing them into white coating, yellow coating, black coating, gray color, red color, purple color, mold-soy sauce color, and blue color, eight types. At the end, it attaches pregnancy Cold Damage tongue, totaling one hundred and twenty diagrams, each with a general discussion. Examining ancient classics, beyond diagnosis, they included color differentiation and sound listening, but did not use tongue observation for disease. The saying "white tongue coating and slippery texture" first appeared in Zhang Ji's *Shanghan Lun*, with an ancient transmission, but the method was not detailed, nor were various distinctions mentioned. Later, *Jingjin Lu* expanded to thirty-six diagrams, which was not comprehensive enough. *Guan She Xinfa* expanded to one hundred and thirty-seven diagrams, which was rather redundant. Deng, based on his own experience, referenced these two books, deleted complexity, corrected errors, and completed this book. Compared to the subtle nature of pulse diagnosis, it is easier to verify, and indeed should be consulted by those diagnosing Cold Damage.

Wang Hu said: *Shanghan Shejian* was compiled by Zhang Deng, eldest son of Zhang Luyu (Danxian). The book is only one volume, containing one hundred and twenty tongue diagrams. Wang Hu notes: Tongue coatings only have white, yellow, and black. Du Qingbi expanded Ao's tongue examination method to thirty-six diagrams, adding pure red tongue among them. The rest of the tongues were already half groundless. Now expanding to one hundred and twenty diagrams, how excessive is this! Among them, the purple tongue and blue tongue make good sense. Heat extreme leads to purple color; cold extreme leads to blue color. Blue is slightly greenish. As for the gray and mold-soy sauce colored tongues, they are unnecessary. Gray is light black; mold-soy sauce is deep purple. The Zhang family takes one color and transforms it into dozens of diagrams, how forced and far-fetched.

[Zhang's (Zhuo) Shanghan Jianzheng Xiyi] One volume. Extant.
Zhang Zhuo said: Snow cleared on the morning window, light shining on four walls. Zhang Zi, wearing coarse clothes, just got up, reciting Xueqiao's lines "Boiling □, Spring wind splits rotten raft." A guest measured his steps to visit me, presenting the "Bitter Snow" piece, containing the phrase "Freezing and hunger follow each other, falling down." I pondered for a long time. Then called the servant to the stove, discussing elegance together, inside the wine cup, talking about the difficulty of medicine, and Cold Damage being the most difficult. Cold Damage complicated by miscellaneous diseases is especially difficult. Therefore, throughout history, there has been no example of comprehensive coverage, and later generations could not master both arts. I said: "How can the vast rivers not connect with tides? If one can purify the way, then flexible mechanisms are in my hands, living methods follow the person. Why worry about not overcoming complicated syndromes?" The guest raised his hand in approval.

Four Treasures Library Complete Collection Abstract: *Shanghan Jianzheng Xiyi*, one volume, written by Zhang Zhuo of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhuo, courtesy name Feichou, was from Wujiang, younger brother of Zhang Deng. This book specifically discusses Cold Damage complicated by miscellaneous diseases, dividing them into Wind Strike, Deficiency Consumption, Fullness in Middle, Swelling, Dysphagia, Regurgitation, Internal Injury, Retained Food, Cough, Dry Throat, Obstruction, Head Wind, Heart and Abdominal Pain, Blood Loss, Excessive Sweating, Accumulation, Moving Qi, Hernia, Stranguria and Turbid Urine, Diarrhea and Dysentery, Fetal Production, totaling seventeen types. Set as questions and answers to elucidate them. Note: What *Shanghan Lun* calls combined diseases and concurrent diseases only refers to Six Channel complications, not miscellaneous diseases. Doctors who do not understand the meaning of complicated syndromes often, when pulse and syndromes are inconsistent, either attend to one and lose the other, or treat one and hinder the other, causing significant harm. This book analyzes them one by one, making practitioners not confined to one corner and not confused by multiple paths. It can be said to have contributed to Cold Damage.