得微视于有道在任。则亦尚可以少见竞竞专致操存。一笔之不敢苟云尔。万历二十
一年。岁次癸巳。仲冬闰辛巳朔粤三日癸未 。新安方有执自跋。
闵芝庆曰。方氏作条辨。以太阳一经为三篇。分卫中风为上编。其间总论中风伤寒。如太阳病七日以上自愈
者之类。不能悉举。此等既属总论。则难分而为二。以之列于上编。固无不可。但与卫中风为上编之说少违耳。
又据分营伤寒为中篇。凡有伤寒二字。居各条之首者。悉入焉。不知其中固有专指营伤寒者。亦有兼指卫中风者。
盖中风与伤寒。可分为二名。又可合而俱称伤寒。是以中风与伤寒为病。自古通谓之伤寒。如伤寒一二日。阳明
少阳证不见者。为不传也之类。是皆兼论中风于言外者也。乃因伤寒二字居首。悉列中篇。以亦有据。但既有营
伤寒为中篇之说。则后人倘有执泥。而谓与中风无涉者。从兹殆矣。又将发汗已发汗病不解发汗之类。皆列于中
篇。意以发汗者。必麻黄汤证也。不知麻黄汤固为发汗之剂。桂枝汤虽云解肌。亦称发汗。观于篇中所云。病常
自汗出者。此为营气和云云。结之曰。复发其汗。营卫和则愈。宜桂枝汤。则桂枝汤。亦称发汗可知矣。乌得以
凡云发汗者。皆入营伤寒之篇也。又据营卫俱中风寒者为下编。凡脉浮紧。及伤寒脉浮者。皆入焉。即举其所注
而辨之。其一卷第一证。太阳之为病。脉浮头项强痛而恶寒。注曰。尺寸俱浮者。知为病在太阳。又曰。揭太阳
之总病。为三篇之大纲云云。似知或中风。或伤寒。或风寒两伤。凡属太阳者。皆当浮脉矣。又据其三卷第十三
证。伤寒脉浮滑。此表有热。注曰。伤寒脉不浮。浮者风也。何与三阳大纲之注。自相矛盾。而独指浮为风耶。
遂将凡脉浮紧。及伤寒脉浮者。皆入风寒两伤之篇。非矣。不特此也。其三
卷三十五证。伤寒胸中有热。注云。热以风言。第三十八证。伤寒十三日不解。过经谵语者。以有热也。注曰。
热。风也。岂不知始自太阳者。或中风。或伤寒。皆能成热。故索问热论曰。人之伤于寒也。则为病热。焉得独
以热为风乎。遂将凡伤寒有热、及发热及如疟之发热恶寒。热多寒少者。皆入风寒两伤之篇。谬亦甚矣。方氏之
心。无非欲立异以为高。故其编次。悉更旧本。前者后之。后者前之。诸篇皆有更移。太阳三篇为甚。将欲求胜
于叔和乎。设使人各一见以自高，何时复出仲景而始定。奈何人也。敢妄意有更。
汪琥曰。伤寒条辨。明歙人方有执着。书凡八卷。先图说。次削例。又次辨太阳病。以风伤卫为上编。分第
一卷。寒伤营为中篇。分第二卷。营卫俱伤为下编。分第三卷。阳明少阳二经病。分第四卷。三阴经病。分第五
卷。风温杂病。及霍乱阴阳易差后等病。分第六卷。痉湿 。及辨脉法。分第七卷。汗吐下可不可。分第八卷。
后又附钞本草。其条辨仲景六经篇文。可谓详且尽矣。
四库全书提要曰。伤寒论条辨八卷。附本草钞一卷。或问一卷。痉书一卷。明方有执撰。有执字中行。歙县人。
是书刻于万历壬辰。前有己丑自序一篇。又有辛卯后序一篇。又有癸巳所作引一篇。则刻成时所加也。大旨以后
汉张机伤寒卒病论。初编次于王叔和。已有改移、及金成无己作注、又多所窜乱。医者或以为不全之书。置而不
习。或沿习二家之误。弥失其真。乃竭二十余年之力。寻求端绪。排比成编。一一推作者之意。为之考订。故名
曰条辨。其原本伤寒例一篇。不知为何人所加者。竟削去之。而以本草钞一卷。或问一卷。附缀于末。又以医家
误痉为惊风。多所夭
枉。乃历引素问金匮要略伤寒卒病论诸说。为痉书一卷。并附于后。有执既没。其板散佚。江西喻昌遂采掇有执
之说。参以己意。作伤寒尚论篇。盛行于世。而有执之书遂微。国朝康熙甲寅顺天林起龙得有执原本。恶昌之剽
袭旧说。而讳所自来。乃重为评点刊板。并以尚论篇。附刊于末。以证明其事。即此本也。起龙序文。于昌毒骂
丑诋。颇乖雅道。其所详论。亦皆赞美之词。于病证方药。无所发明。今并削而不载。所附刻之尚论篇。原本具
存。已别着录。其异同得失。可以互勘。不侍此本之复载。今亦削之。而附存原目于此焉。
〔王氏（肯堂）伤寒准绳〕医藏目录八卷 存
自序曰。夫有生必有死。万物之常也。然死不死于老。而死于病者。万物皆然。而人为甚。故圣人悯之。而
医药兴。医药兴而天下之人又不死于病。而死于医药矣。智者愤其然。因曰。病而不药。得中医。岂不信哉。或
曰。此但为伤寒言之也。虽然。微独伤寒。特伤寒为甚尔。盖医莫不宗本黄岐。今其书具在。然有论而无方。方
法之备。自张仲景。如仲景虽独以伤寒着。然二千年以来。其间以医名世。为后世所师承者。未有不从仲景之书
悟入。而能径窥黄岐之壶奥者也。故黄岐犹羲文也。仲景其孔子乎。易水师弟。则濂洛诸贤。金华师弟。则关闽
诸大儒也。拟人者不伦于此矣。王好古曰。伤寒之法。可以治杂病。杂病法不可以治伤寒。岂诚然哉。伤寒法出
于仲景。故可以治杂病。而为杂病法者。多未尝梦见仲景者也。故不可以治伤寒也。然则伤寒论。可弗读乎。而
世之医。有终身目不识者。独执陶氏六书。以为枕中鸿宾尔。夷考陶氏之书。不过剽南阳唾余。尚
未望见易水门墙。而辄诋伤寒论。为非全书。聋瞽来学。盖仲景之罪人也。而世方宗之。夭枉可胜道哉。余少而
读仲景书。今老矣。尚未窥其堂室。平生手一编。丹铅殆遍。纸败墨渝。海虞严道彻见而爱之。欲寿诸梓。而余
不之许。非靳之。盖慎之也。丁酉戊戌间。因嘉善高生请。始辑杂病准绳。而不及伤寒、非后之。盖难之也。今
岁秋。同年姜仲文知余所辑杂病外。尚有伤寒妇婴疡科。为准绳者四。遣使来就钞。而不知余夺于幽忧亢病。未
属草也，因感之而先成伤寒书八帙。始于八月朔。而告完于重九。或曰。以数十万言。成于四旬、不太草草乎。
曰。余之酝酿于册府。而渔猎于书林。盖三十余年矣。不可谓草草也。伤寒一病尔。而数十万言。不太繁乎。曰。
吾犹病其略也。何也。是书之设。为因证检书。而求治法者设也。故分证而不详。则虑其误也。详则多互见而复
出。而又安得不繁。后之注仲景书。续仲景法者。或见其大全。或窥其一斑。皆可以为后学指南。具择而载之。
而又安得不繁。且夫人读一书。解一语。苟迷其理。有碍于胸中。以问知者。则唯恐其不吾告。与告之不详。余
固驽下。然学医之资。差不在人后。以余所白首不能究者。与天下后世共究之。将读之恐其易尽。而顾患繁乎哉。
丹阳贺知忍中秘心乎济物。而勇于为义。愿为余流通。书未成。已鸠工庀具矣。余之遄成以此。因叙于篇首。时
万历三十二年。岁次甲辰重九日。念西居士王肯堂宇泰书。
凡例曰。纂伤寒书者众矣。知尊仲景书。而遗后贤续法者。好古之过也。类证诸书是也。惟俗眼之便。而雅
俗杂陈。淄渑莫辨。使世不知孰为仲景者。俗工之谬也。琐言蕴要诸书是也。惟娄氏纲目。列六经正病于前。而
次合病并
病。汗吐下后诸坏病于后。又次之以四时感异气而变者。与妇婴终焉。而每条之中。备列仲景法。然后以后贤续
法附之。既该括百家。又不相淆杂。义例之善。无出其上。此书篇目。大抵因之。一解释仲景书者。惟成无己最
为详明。虽随文顺释。自相矛盾者。时或有之。亦白璧微瑕。固无损于连城也。后此赵嗣真张兼善之流。皆有发
明。并可为成氏忠臣。张公耳孙。故多采掇。使学人一览洞然。而一得之愚。亦时附焉。其文义浅近。不必训释
者。则一切省之。内一字。赵者。嗣真也。张者。兼善也。黄者。仲理也。活者。朱肱活人书也庞者。安时也。
许者。叔微学士也。本者。许之本事方也。韩者。 和也。孙者。兆也。洁者。洁古张元素也。云者。洁古之子
云岐子也。垣者。李东垣也。丹者。朱丹溪也。海者。王海藏也。王者。履也。罗者。天益也。戴者。元礼也。
娄者。全善也。吴者。绶也。陶者。华也。其不系姓字者。自篇首辨证数语之外。皆仲景论文也，一内经云。风
雨寒暑。不得虚。邪不能独伤人。至于丹溪又云。伤寒属内伤者。十居八九。当以补元气为主。由是言之。后
人治伤寒者。既皆识仲景之法不尽。又不知其病本于内伤虚劳。而思补养。但用汗下致死者。其杀人何异刀剑。
兴言至此。切骨痛心。今虽以后贤补养之法。附载于篇。而书不尽言。言不尽意。尤望临病之工。重人命而惧阴
谴。熟玩此书。无疑于心。而后下手用药。即不能然。宁过于谨护元气。无孟浪汗下。而后庶几乎少失也。明史
稿王樵传曰。子肯堂。字宇泰。举万历十七年进士。选庶吉士。授检讨。博览群籍。声着馆阁。倭寇朝鲜。疏陈
十议。愿假御史衔。练兵海上。疏留中。因引疾归。京察降调。家居久之。吏部侍郎杨时乔荐补
南京行人司副。终福建参政。肯堂好读书。着述甚富。雅工书法。以其尤精医理。故又附见方伎传中。又方伎传
曰。王肯堂。字宇泰。金坛人。万历中举进士。选庶吉士。授检讨。以京察贬官。终福建参政。肯堂博极群书。
兼通医学。所着证治准绳。为医家所宗。
汪琥曰。伤寒证治准绳。明金坛王肯堂宇泰甫辑。书凡八帖。首列序例入门。辨证内外伤。及类伤寒辨。其
第一帙。则以伤寒总例居前。总例者。乃叙四时伤寒传变。及汗吐下法。又愈解死证。阴阳表里。伤寒杂病。类
证杂论。察色要略。第二帙。则以太阳例居前。而以发热恶寒恶风头痛等证附之。第三帙。则以阳明病居前。而
以不大便不得卧自汗潮热谵语等证附之。又少阳病口苦咽干往来寒热等证。亦并附焉。其第四帙。先列三阴总纶。
太阴病。则附以腹满痛等证。少阴病。则附以但欲寐口燥咽干等证。厥阴病。则附以气上冲心等证。第五帙。则
言合并病。又汗吐下后不解。喘而短气等证。第六帙。则继以小便利不利等证。复附以狐惑百合两感证。第七帙。
则言劳食复瘥后等证。又言四时伤寒不同。温暑疟痉等证。后附以妇人小儿伤寒。第八帙。则辨脉法药性。其书
悉因娄氏纲目之义。而以仲景方论为主。后贤续法附之。伤寒之书。至此可为详且尽矣。但惜其纂注大略。及诸
方之义。不能明畅。又其云发热恶寒头痛等证。诸经皆有。何得限定附之一经之中。于余不能无遗憾矣。
〔赵氏（开美）集注伤寒论〕十卷 存
凡例曰。仲景之书。精入无伦。非善读者。未免滞于语下。诸家论述。各有发明。而聊摄成氏引经析义。尤
称详洽。虽 牾附会。间或时有。然诸家莫能胜之。初学不能舍
此索途也。悉依旧本。不敢去取。一诸家善发仲景之义者。无过南阳。外此如叔维潜善洁古安常东垣丹溪安道。
近代如三阳宇泰诸君子。单词短语。虽不尽拘长沙辙迹。实深得长沙精义。急为采入。以补六经未发之旨也。一
是书。仲景自序。原为十六卷。至叔和次为三十六卷。今坊本仅得十卷。而七八卷又合两为一十卷。仅次遗方。
先后详略。非复仲景叔和之旧矣。今根据辨平脉法为一卷。自伤寒大例。及六经次第。不复妄有诠次。止以先后匀
适为六卷。其遗方并入论集。便于简阅。大抵因三阳王氏义例云。
按是书所采。成氏注解之外。凡二十有二家。辑HT 颇为详博。若沈亮宸王文禄唐不岩张卿子说。世从不见别
为采载者。考沈名晋垣。张名遂辰。同钱塘人。王字世廉。号沂阳生。海盐人。着有医先一卷。其事履并见县志。
特唐不岩一人。未详里贯。想亦系明季人。盖开美辑书之时。各为参订者。故附入其说也。
〔史氏（暗然）伤寒论注〕十四卷 未见
汪琥曰。史氏伤寒论注。明越人史暗然百 氏着。书凡十四卷。其第一卷。先平脉法。第二卷。辨脉法。第
三卷。太阳病。第四卷。阳明少阳病。第五卷。太阴少阴病。第六卷。厥阴病。第七卷。痉湿 霍乱。以至于瘥
后等病。而复集阴阳毒百合狐惑等证。名曰补遗。第八卷。乃次伤寒例。第九卷。辨汗吐下可不可。第十卷。辨
外感内伤。及食积痰等。十二证。与伤寒异。第十一卷。则载仲景原论中。桂枝汤等。九十一方。第十二卷。则
采金匮升麻鳖甲汤等。二十二方补之。第十三卷。则采局方治四时感冒。如香苏饮等十一首。附以补方八首。第
十四卷。则采刘河间治夏月感冒方六首。其大旨以仲景叔和原论。如言脉处。则曰惊愧脉。曰相
乘脉。曰残贼灾怪等脉。如辨证处。则曰太阳本证。曰传经。曰春温。曰愈期。曰坏证。曰合病。曰并病。曰衄。
曰冒。曰喘。曰吐等。各就本文。而标出之。其治春温灼热。则采活人书。知母干葛汤。葳蕤汤以主治。此为可
取之处。又其注病患身大热。反欲得近衣节。则引陶节庵云。虚弱素寒之人。感邪发热。热邪浮浅。不胜沉寒。
(Fang Youzhi) While serving in office, perhaps he could seek guidance from those who possess the Dao. In this way, he might still be able to maintain a state of cautious diligence and focused preservation, not daring to be careless even in a single stroke or character. The twenty-first year of Wanli, corresponding to the year Guisi (Water Snake). Mid-winter, the intercalary month began on Xinsi (Metal Rat). Three days later was Guiwei (Water Goat). Fang Youzhi of Xin'an wrote his postscript.
Min Ziqing stated: Fang's *Shanghan Lun Tiaobian* (Treatise on Cold Damage Analysis) divides the Taiyang channel into three sections. It designates "Wind damaging Wei" as the Upper Section. Among these, general discussions on Windstroke and Cold Damage, such as cases where "Taiyang disease heals itself after seven days or more," cannot be exhaustively listed. Since these contents belong to general discussions, it is difficult to strictly divide them into two categories; placing them in the Upper Section is acceptable. However, this slightly contradicts the statement that "Wind damaging Wei constitutes the Upper Section."
Furthermore, based on the principle that "Cold damaging Ying constitutes the Middle Section," all clauses beginning with the characters "Shanghan" (Cold Damage) are included in the Middle Section. Yet, within these, some specifically refer to "Cold damaging Ying," while others implicitly refer to "Wind damaging Wei." Generally, Windstroke and Cold Damage can be distinguished as two separate names, but they can also be collectively referred to as Shanghan. Therefore, both Windstroke and Cold Damage have been commonly known as Shanghan since ancient times. For instance, "If in one or two days of Shanghan, Yangming and Shaoyang symptoms do not appear, it indicates no transmission." Such statements imply a discussion of Windstroke alongside Shanghan. By categorizing everything starting with "Shanghan" into the Middle Section, although there is some basis, given the designation of "Cold damaging Ying as the Middle Section," future readers might rigidly interpret this as having no relation to Windstroke, which would be perilous.
He further placed cases like "failure to resolve after sweating" or "re-sweating" into the Middle Section, assuming that sweating therapies necessarily correspond to Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) patterns. However, Mahuang Tang is indeed a diaphoretic agent, but Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), although described as releasing the muscle layer, is also termed a diaphoretic. As stated in the text: "When a patient constantly sweats, this indicates harmonized Ying Qi... Re-sweat the patient; when Ying and Wei are harmonized, the disease resolves; Guizhi Tang is appropriate." Thus, it is evident that Guizhi Tang is also considered a diaphoretic. How can one claim that all mentions of sweating belong exclusively to the Cold-damaging-Ying section?
Additionally, based on "Ying and Wei both damaged by Wind and Cold constituting the Lower Section," all instances of floating-tight pulse and floating pulse in Shanghan are included therein. Examining his annotations reveals contradictions. In the first clause of Volume 1, "Taiyang disease presents with floating pulse, stiffness and pain in the head and neck, and aversion to cold," the annotation states: "Floating pulses at both cun and chi indicate the disease is in Taiyang." It further says this reveals the general pathology of Taiyang, serving as the outline for the three sections. This implies that whether it is Windstroke, Cold Damage, or simultaneous Wind-Cold injury, any Taiyang condition should present with a floating pulse.
However, in Clause 13 of Volume 3, "Shanghan with floating-slippery pulse indicates heat on the exterior," the annotation claims: "Shanghan pulses do not float; if floating, it is Wind." This contradicts the earlier annotation regarding the Taiyang outline, arbitrarily associating only the floating pulse with Wind. Consequently, classifying all floating-tight and floating pulses under the Wind-Cold dual-injury section is erroneous.
Moreover, in Clause 35 of Volume 3, "Shanghan with heat in the chest," the annotation states: "Heat refers to Wind." In Clause 38, "Shanghan unresolved for thirteen days, passing through stages with delirium due to heat," the annotation states: "Heat is Wind." Does he not know that conditions originating in Taiyang, whether Windstroke or Cold Damage, can generate heat? Thus, *Suwen: Re Lun* states: "When humans are injured by Cold, they develop febrile diseases." How can heat be exclusively attributed to Wind? Therefore, classifying all cases of heat in Shanghan, fever, malarial-like alternating chills and fever, and cases with more heat than cold into the Wind-Cold dual-injury section is highly谬 (erroneous). Fang's intention was merely to establish novelty to appear superior. He rearranged the order of old editions, moving previous sections to the end and vice versa, with significant changes in the Taiyang sections. Did he intend to surpass Wang Shuhe? If everyone alters texts to elevate themselves, when will Zhang Zhongjing's original work be restored and established? It is truly lamentable. I dare to assert that such arbitrary alterations are inadvisable.
Wang Hu stated: *Shanghan Lun Tiaobian* was authored by Fang Youzhi of She County, Ming Dynasty. The book comprises eight volumes. It begins with diagrams and explanations, followed by revised examples, then analyzes Taiyang disease. Wind damaging Wei is the Upper Section (Volume 1); Cold damaging Ying is the Middle Section (Volume 2); Ying and Wei both damaged is the Lower Section (Volume 3). Yangming and Shaoyang diseases are in Volume 4. Three Yin channel diseases are in Volume 5. Wind-Warmth miscellaneous diseases, along with Huoluan (Cholera), Yinyang Yi (Post-coital syndrome), and post-recovery diseases, are in Volume 6. Jing (Stiffness/Convulsion) and Shi (Dampness), along with Pulse Differentiation, are in Volume 7. The applicability of Sweating, Vomiting, and Purging methods are in Volume 8. An appendix on Materia Medica excerpts follows. His analysis of Zhang Zhongjing's Six Channel chapters is indeed detailed and comprehensive.
The *Siku Quanshu* (Complete Library of the Four Treasuries) Abstract states: *Shanghan Lun Tiaobian*, 8 volumes, with appendices *Bencao Chao* (Excerpts from Materia Medica), 1 volume, *Huo Wen* (Questions and Answers), 1 volume, and *Jing Shu* (Book on Stiffness), 1 volume, written by Fang Youzhi of the Ming Dynasty. Fang, courtesy name Zhongxing, was from She County. The book was printed in the Renchen year of Wanli. It contains a preface from the Jichou year, a postface from the Xinmao year, and an introduction from the Guisi year, added upon completion. The main premise is that Zhang Ji's (Zhang Zhongjing) *Shanghan Zoubing Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases) was initially compiled by Wang Shuhe, who had already altered the order; later, Cheng Wuji's annotations introduced further distortions. Physicians either regarded it as incomplete and neglected it, or followed the errors of these two schools, losing the truth. Thus, Fang devoted over twenty years to seeking the origins, organizing the material, deducing the author's intent, and conducting textual criticism, hence the title *Tiaobian* (Analysis and Arrangement). He removed the original *Shanghan Li* (Example of Cold Damage) chapter, whose authorship was unknown, and appended *Bencao Chao* and *Huo Wen* at the end. Noticing that physicians mistakenly treated Jing disease (stiffness/convulsions) as infantile convulsions, leading to many deaths, he cited *Suwen*, *Jingui Yaolue*, and *Shanghan Zoubing Lun* to write *Jing Shu*, appending it as well. After Fang's death, his printing blocks were lost. Yu Chang of Jiangxi collected Fang's theories, added his own insights, and wrote *Shanghan Shanglun Pian* (Discussion on Cold Damage), which became popular, causing Fang's work to fade. In the Jiayin year of Kangxi, Lin Qilong of Shuntian obtained Fang's original edition. Disliking Yu Chang's plagiarism and concealment of sources, Lin re-edited and published it, appending *Shanglun Pian* to prove the facts. This is the current version. Lin's preface viciously attacks Yu Chang, lacking elegance. His detailed comments are merely praise, offering no new insights into symptoms or formulas. These are now omitted. The appended *Shanglun Pian* exists separately and has been recorded elsewhere. Their similarities and differences can be cross-referenced without reprinting here. The original catalog entry is preserved below.
[Wang Ken tang's] *Shanghan Zhunsheng* (Standard Scale for Cold Damage Diagnosis and Treatment), *Yicang Mulu* (Catalog of Medical Treasures), 8 volumes. Extant.
Preface states: Life inevitably leads to death; this is the constant law of all things. However, people do not die of old age but of disease; this applies to all things, but especially to humans. Thus, sages pitied them, and medicine arose. With medicine, people stopped dying of disease and started dying of medical errors. Wise men were indignant, saying, "To treat illness without medication aligns with the standard of a mediocre physician." Is this not true? Some say this applies only to Shanghan. Although so, it applies beyond Shanghan, though Shanghan is particularly severe. Physicians generally revere Huangdi (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo. Their texts exist, containing theory but lacking formulas. Comprehensive methods began with Zhang Zhongjing. Although Zhongjing is famous primarily for Shanghan, over two millennia, those renowned for medicine and inherited by posterity have invariably entered the profound secrets of Huangdi and Qibo through studying Zhongjing. Thus, Huangdi and Qibo are like Fuxi and King Wen; Zhongjing is like Confucius. The disciples of Yishui (Li Donggan et al.) are like the Lueluo sages; the disciples of Jinhua (Wu Mei et al.) are like the Guanmin Confucians. No comparison is more apt. Wang Haogu said: Shanghan methods can treat miscellaneous diseases, but miscellaneous disease methods cannot treat Shanghan. Is this really so? Shanghan methods originate from Zhongjing, so they can treat miscellaneous diseases; those formulating miscellaneous disease methods rarely dream of Zhongjing's realm, so they cannot treat Shanghan. Then, must *Shanghan Lun* be ignored? Many physicians today are illiterate, clinging to Tao Hua's *Six Books* as their treasure. Tao's works merely plagiarize Zhongjing's remnants, failing to reach the gates of the Yishui school, yet he disparages *Shanghan Lun* as incomplete, deceiving students. He is a sinner against Zhongjing, yet revered by the world, causing countless unnecessary deaths. I read Zhongjing's books in my youth; now old, I have not even reached its inner chambers. My annotated copies are worn out. Yan Daoche of Haiyu admired them and wished to print them, but I refused, not out of stinginess, but caution. Between Dingyou and Wuxu years, prompted by Gao Sheng of Jiashan, I began editing *Zabing Zhunsheng* (Standard Scale for Miscellaneous Disease Diagnosis and Treatment), excluding Shanghan not out of disdain, but difficulty. This autumn, Jiang Zhongwen, my fellow graduate, learned I had edited Shanghan, Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Surgery as four parts of *Zhunsheng*. He sent envoys to copy them, unaware I was hindered by melancholy and high fever, having not even drafted them. Moved, I completed the Shanghan book in eight fascicles between the first day of the eighth month and the Double Ninth Festival. Some ask: Completing hundreds of thousands of words in forty days seems hasty. I reply: I have pondered in libraries and hunted through books for thirty years; it is not hasty. Shanghan is one disease, yet hundreds of thousands of words seem verbose. I reply: I fear brevity. This book is designed for symptom-based lookup and treatment selection. If classifications are vague, errors may occur; if detailed, repetitions arise, necessitating verbosity. Later annotators and successors provide guides for students; including their selections adds to the volume. Furthermore, when learning, if one misunderstands a concept, one seeks clarification eagerly. Though I am dull, my aptitude for medicine is not inferior. Sharing what I could not fully comprehend in my lifetime with the world, one fears running out of content rather than finding it too much. He Zhiren of Danyang, benevolent and courageous, funded the printing before completion. Hence my rapid production. Prefaced on the Double Ninth Day, Jiachen Year, 32nd Year of Wanli, Nianxi Jushi Wang Kentang, Courtesy Name Yutai.
General Rules state: Many have compiled Shanghan books. Those respecting only Zhongjing while ignoring later successors err in valuing antiquity, e.g., *Leizheng* books. Those prioritizing vulgar convenience mix elegant and vulgar styles indistinguishably, obscuring Zhongjing's identity, e.g., *Suoyan Yunyao* books. Only Lou Quanshan's *Gangmu* places Six Channel primary diseases first, followed by combined diseases, post-therapy complications, seasonal variations, and gynecological/pediatric cases. Each clause lists Zhongjing's methods, followed by successor methods. This encompasses diverse schools without confusion, setting a superior example. This book largely follows this structure.
Regarding annotations, Cheng Wuji is the most detailed. Though occasionally contradictory, these are minor flaws in a masterpiece. Later scholars like Zhao Sizhen and Zhang Jianshan made innovations, serving Cheng faithfully. Zhang, being a descendant of Zhang Yuansu, is frequently cited for clarity. My humble insights are occasionally added. Texts requiring no explanation are omitted. Abbreviations: Zhao = Sizhen; Zhang = Jianshan; Huang = Zhongli; Huo = Zhu Gong's *Huoren Shu*; Pang = Anshi; Xu = Shuwei; Ben = Xu's *Benshi Fang*; Han = He; Sun = Zhao; Jie = Jiegu Zhang Yuansu; Yun = Yunqizi (Jiegu's son); Yuan = Li Donggan; Dan = Zhu Danxi; Hai = Wang Haicang; Wang = Lv; Luo = Tianyi; Dai = Yuanli; Lou = Quanshan; Wu = Shou; Tao = Hua. Names without surnames refer to Zhongjing's text, except for initial differentiation paragraphs.
*Neijing* states: Wind, rain, cold, and heat cannot injure unless deficiency exists. Danxi stated: Eight or nine out of ten Shanghan cases stem from internal deficiency, requiring Qi tonification. Subsequent physicians, failing to fully grasp Zhongjing's methods and ignoring internal deficiency roots, used sweating and purging excessively, killing patients as effectively as swords. This causes heartbreak. Although successor tonification methods are appended here, words cannot fully convey meaning. I urge practitioners to value life, fear karmic retribution, study thoroughly, and act cautiously. Even if unable to achieve perfection, better to over-protect Qi than rashly sweat or purge.
*Ming Shi Gao* biography of Wang Qiao states: Son Wang Kentang, courtesy name Yutai, passed jinshi exams in 17th Year of Wanli, selected as Hanlin Academician, appointed Reviewer. Erudite, famous in court. When Japanese pirates attacked Korea, he submitted ten proposals, requesting Censor rank to train troops at sea. Proposal withheld. He resigned due to illness. Demoted during evaluation. Lived in seclusion. Recommended by Yang Shiqiao to serve as Vice Director of Palace Attendants in Nanjing, eventually reaching Provincial Governor of Fujian. Kentang loved reading, produced extensive writings, skilled in calligraphy. Due to his medical expertise, he is also included in the Biography of Artisans. The *Biography of Artisans* states: Wang Kentang, Yutai, from Jintan. Passed jinshi in Wanli era, Hanlin Academician, Reviewer. Demoted, died as Fujian Provincial Governor. Read widely, mastered medicine. *Zhengzhi Zhunsheng* is revered by physicians.
Wang Hu stated: *Shanghan Zhengzhi Zhunsheng* edited by Wang Kentang of Jintan, Ming Dynasty. Eight fascicles. Begins with prefaces, differentiating internal/external injuries and similar conditions. Fascicle 1: General Shanghan principles, transmission, therapy applicability, recovery/death signs, Yin/Yang, interior/exterior, miscellaneous diseases, color observation. Fascicle 2: Taiyang principles, attached symptoms (fever, aversion to cold/wind, headache). Fascicle 3: Yangming disease, attached symptoms (constipation, insomnia, spontaneous sweating, tidal fever, delirium). Shaoyang symptoms (bitter taste, dry throat, alternating chills/fever) also included. Fascicle 4: Three Yin overview. Taoyin attached with abdominal fullness/pain; Shaoyin with lethargy, dry mouth/throat; Jueyin with Qi rushing upward. Fascicle 5: Combined diseases, post-therapy complications (asthma, shortness of breath). Fascicle 6: Urinary issues, plus Huhu, Baihe, and dual-infection syndromes. Fascicle 7: Relapse due to labor/diet, post-recovery. Seasonal variations, Warmth, Summerheat, Malaria, Jing syndromes. Appendices on women/children. Fascicle 8: Pulse differentiation, drug properties. The book follows Lou's *Gangmu* structure, focusing on Zhongjing's formulas with successor methods appended. Shanghan literature reaches completeness here. Regrettably, annotations and formula interpretations lack clarity. Grouping symptoms like fever/headache into specific channels is limiting.
[Zhao Kaimei's] *Jizhu Shanghan Lun* (Collected Annotations on Treatise on Cold Damage), 10 volumes. Extant.
General Rules state: Zhongjing's work is peerless; poor readers get stuck on words. Various commentaries offer insights, but Cheng Wuji's citation of classics is most thorough. Despite occasional forced interpretations, none surpass him. Beginners rely on this path. I follow the old edition without deletion. Scholars excelling in interpreting Zhongjing include Nanyang (Zhongjing), Zhao Sizhen, Zhang Jianshan, Zhang Yuansu, Li Donggan, Zhu Danxi, Wang Haogu, and Wang Kentang. Though not strictly adhering to Zhongjing's format, they capture his essence. I urgently incorporated their brief comments to supplement the Six Channels.
Zhongjing's original preface described 16 volumes; Wang Shuhe expanded to 36. Current editions have only 10, merging Vol 7 and 8. Only residual formulas remain, altering the original sequence. I organized *Ping Mai Fa* into one volume. From *Shanghan Da Li* through the Six Channels, I avoided arbitrary rearrangement, arranging for balance across six volumes. Residual formulas are merged for ease of use. Largely following Wang Hao gu's structure.
Note: Besides Cheng's annotations, 22 other sources are used. Shen Liangchen, Wang Wenlu, Tang Buyan, and Zhang Qingzi are rarely cited elsewhere. Shen Jin yuan and Zhang Sui chen were from Qiantang. Wang Wenlu (Shilian, Yiyang Sheng) was from Haiyan, author of *Yi Xian*. Tang Buyan's origin is unknown, likely late Ming. They participated in revisions, hence included.
[Shi Anran's] *Shanghan Lun Zhu* (Annotations on Treatise on Cold Damage), 14 volumes. Not seen.
Wang Hu stated: Authored by Shi Anran of Yue, Ming Dynasty. 14 volumes. Vol 1: Ping Mai Fa. Vol 2: Bian Mai Fa. Vol 3: Taiyang. Vol 4: Yangming/Shaoyang. Vol 5: Taiyin/Shaoyin. Vol 6: Jueyin. Vol 7: Jing/Shi/Huoluan, post-recovery, plus supplementary Yin Yang Du, Baihe, Huhu. Vol 8: Shanghan Li. Vol 9: Applicability of Sweating/Vomiting/Purging. Vol 10: External/Internal injuries, food stagnation, phlegm (12 types distinct from Shanghan). Vol 11: 91 formulas from Zhongjing (e.g., Guizhi Tang). Vol 12: 22 supplementary formulas from *Jingui* (e.g., Shengma Biejia Tang). Vol 13: Bureau Formulas for seasonal colds (e.g., Xiangsu Yin) plus 8 supplements. Vol 14: Liu Hejian's summer cold formulas. Main approach: Extracts terms from Zhongjing/Wang Shuhe (e.g., Jingkui pulse, Xiangcheng pulse, Taiyang primary symptoms, transmission, Spring Warmth, healing periods, complicated diseases, combined diseases, epistaxis, dizziness, asthma, vomiting). Tags them in text. For Spring Warmth/fever, uses *Huoren Shu* formulas (Zhimu Gan Ge Tang, Weirui Tang), which is commendable. Regarding "patient with high fever desires clothing," he cites Tao Jian'an: "Weak, cold-prone individuals contracting pathogenic heat find superficial heat unbearable against deep cold."