非备品以使查阅也。凡所笺释。多有精意。较李时珍本草纲目所载。发明诸条。颇为简要。然本草虽称神农。而
所云出产之地。乃时有后汉之郡县。则后人附益者多。如所称久服轻身延年之类。率方士之说。不足尽信。大椿
尊崇太过。亦一一究其所以然。殊为附会。又大椿所作药性专长论曰。药之治病。有可解者。有不可解者。其说
最为圆通，则是书所论。犹属筌蹄之末。要于诸家本草中。为有启发之功者矣。
〔神农本草〕隋志八卷 佚
〔神农本草〕七录五卷 佚
〔神农本草属物〕七录二卷 佚
〔神农采药经〕七录二卷 佚
〔雷公药对〕卷四（旧唐志作二卷）佚
陶弘景曰。药对四卷。论其佐使相须。（本草经序例）
又曰。雷公桐君更增演本草。二家药对。广其主治。繁其类族。（药总诀序）
〔徐氏（之才）雷公药对〕新唐志二卷 佚
北齐书本传略曰。徐之才。字士茂。高平金乡人也。之才幼而俊发。尤为精敏。仕梁为豫章王综镇军右常
侍。随综镇彭城。综降魏。之才走至吕梁。为魏所获。既羁旅以医自业。又谐隐滑稽无方。王公贵人争馈之。为
贵人居矣。稍迁员外散骑常侍。加中军金紫。天平中。高祖诣晋阳。恒居内馆。所疗十全。皇建中。除兖州刺
史。未行。武明皇后不豫。之才奉药立愈。赏赐巨万。有人脚跟肿痛不堪忍。诸医莫识。之才视曰。蛤精也。当
乘舡入海。出脚水中得之。疾者曰。是也。之才为割得两蛤子。大如榆荚。或以五色骨为佩刀靶。之才曰。此人
瘤也。何从得之。对曰。于古冢见髑髅额骨长数寸。试削视文理。故用之。其通识类此。（太平御览）
掌禹锡曰。药对。北齐尚书令西阳王徐之才撰。以众药名品。君臣佐使。性毒相反。及所主疾病。分类而记
之。凡二卷。旧本草多引以为据。其言治病用药最详。
李时珍曰。雷公药对。陶氏前已有此书。吴氏本草所引雷公是也。盖黄帝时雷公所着。之才增饰之尔。
〔宗氏（令祺）新广药对〕艺文略三卷 佚
〔桐君药录〕隋志三卷 佚
陶弘景曰。桐君采药录。说其花叶形色
僧圆至日。桐君山在严州。有人采药。结庐桐木下。指树为姓。故山得名。
〔子仪本草经〕中经簿一卷 佚
贾公彦曰。刘向云。扁鹊治赵太子。暴疾尸蹶之病。使子明炊汤。子仪脉神。子术案摩。又中经簿云。子仪
本草经一卷。仪与义一人也。若然。子仪亦周末时人也。（周礼正义。）
〔蔡氏（邕）本草〕七录七卷 佚
后汉书本传略曰。蔡邕。字伯喈。陈留圉人也。少博学。师事太傅胡广。好辞章数术天文。妙操音律。建宁
三年。辟司徒桥玄府。玄甚敬待之。出补河平长。召拜郎中。校书中观。迁议郎。
〔吴氏（普）本草〕（旧唐志作本草因）七录六卷 佚
后汉书华佗传曰。广陵吴普。彭城樊阿。皆从佗学。普根据准佗疗。多所全济。
韩保升曰。普。广陵人也。华佗弟子。撰本草一卷。
掌禹锡曰。吴氏本草。魏广陵人。吴普撰。吴华佗弟子。修神农本草，成四百四十一种。唐经籍志。尚存六
卷。
令广内不复存。惟诸子书多见引据。其说药性寒温五味。最为详悉。
李时珍曰。吴氏本草。其书分记神农黄帝岐伯桐君雷公扁鹊华佗所说性味甚详。今亦失传。
〔李氏（当之）本草经〕七录一卷 佚
韩保升曰。李当之华佗弟子。修神农本经。而世少行用。
〔药录〕七录六卷 佚
李时珍曰。李氏药录。其书散见吴氏陶氏本草中。颇有发明。
〔随氏（费）本草〕七录九卷 佚
〔秦氏（承祖）本草〕七录六卷 佚
宋书曰。秦承祖性耿介。专好艺术。于方药不问贵贱。皆治疗之。多所全获。当时称之为工手。撰方三十
卷。大行于世。（太平御览）
〔雷氏（ ）炮炙论〕（宋志作炮炙方）艺文略三卷 佚
自序曰。若夫世人使药。岂知自有君臣。既辨君臣。宁分相制。只如 毛沾溺。立销斑肿之毒。象胆挥粘。
乃知药有情异。 鱼插树。立便干枯。用狗涂之。却当荣盛。无名止楚截指。而似去甲毛。圣石开盲明目。而如
云离日。当归止血破血。头尾效各不同。蕤子熟生。足睡不眠立据。弊萆淡卤。如酒沾交。铁遇神砂。如泥似粉。
石经鹤粪。化作尘飞。 见橘花。似髓断弦折。遇鸾血而如初。海竭江枯。投游波而立泛。令铅拒火。须仗修天。
如要形坚。岂忘紫背。留砒住鼎。全赖宗心。唯得芥花。立便成庚。KT 遇赤须。水留金鼎。水中生火。非猾髓而
莫能长齿生牙。赖雄鼠之骨
末。发眉堕落。涂半夏而立生。目辟眼KT 。有五花而自正。脚生肉 。棍系菪根。囊皴漩多。夜煎竹木。体寒
腹大。全赖颅 。血泛经过。饮调瓜子。咳逆数数。酒服熟雄。遍体疹风。冷调生侧。肠虚泄痢。须假草零。久
渴心烦。宜投竹沥。除 去块。全仗消KT 益食加觞。须煎芦朴。强筋建骨。酒是苁 。驻色延年。精蒸神锦。知
疮所在。口点阴胶。产后肌浮。甘皮酒服。口疮舌拆。立愈黄苏。脑痛欲亡。鼻投硝末。心痛欲死。速觅延胡。
如斯百种。是药之功。某忝遇明时。误看医理。虽寻圣法。难可穷微。略陈药饵之功能。岂溺仙人之要术。其制
药炮熬炙煮。不能记年月哉，欲审原由。须看海集。某不量短见。直录炮熬煮炙。列药制方。分为上中下三卷。
有二百件名。具陈于后。
苏颂曰。雷 虽隋人。观其书，乃有言唐以后药名者。或者后人增损之欤。（证类本草。引图经滑石注。）
赵希弁曰。雷公炮炙三卷。古宋雷 撰。胡洽重定。述百药性味炮煮熬炙之方。其论多本之干宁晏先生。
称内究守国安正公。当是官名。未详。
李时珍曰。雷公炮炙论。药凡三百种。为上中下三卷。其性味炮炙煮熬修事之法。多古奥。文亦古质。别是
一家。多本于干宁晏先生。其首序论述物理。亦甚幽玄。录载于后。干宁先生名晏封。着制伏草石论六卷。盖丹
石家书也。
按雷 一称隋人。一称宋人。未详何是。然胡洽名见于刘敬叔异苑。彼加其重定。则当为宋人矣。干宁晏先
生制伏草石论六卷。出于新唐志。今以其为道家之书。不着录焉。
〔陈雷炮炙论〕艺文略三卷 佚
〔王氏（季璞）本草经〕七录三卷 佚
〔谈氏（道术）本草经钞〕七录一卷 佚
〔宋大将军参军徐氏（叔向）本草病源合药要钞〕七录五卷 佚
南史张邵传曰。徐秋夫生道度叔向。皆能精其业。
〔四家体疗杂病本草要钞〕七录十卷 佚
〔王氏（未）钞小儿用药本草〕七录二卷 佚
〔甘氏（浚之）痈疽耳眼本草要钞〕七录九卷 佚
〔本草要方〕隋志三卷 佚
〔赵氏（赞）本草经〕七录一卷 佚
〔亡名氏经略〕隋志一卷 佚
〔本草经类用〕隋志三卷 佚
〔本草经轻行〕七录一卷 佚
〔本草经利用〕七录一卷 佚
〔云麾将军徐氏（滔）新集药录〕七录四卷 佚
〔亡名氏药法〕七录四十二卷 佚
〔药律〕七录三卷 佚
〔药性〕七录二卷 佚
〔药对〕七录二卷 佚
〔药目〕七录三卷 佚
〔药忌〕七录一卷 佚
〔徐氏（大山）本草〕隋志二卷 佚
〔陶氏（弘景）药总诀〕（艺文略。作集药诀。别有药总诀一卷。似复载。）艺文略一卷 佚
自序曰。上古神农作为本草。凡着三百六十五种。以配一岁。岁有三百六十五日。日生一草。草治一病。上
应天文。中应人道。下法地理。调和五味。制成醪醴。以备四
气。为弗服。欲其本立道生者也。当生之时。人心素朴。嗜欲寡少。设有微疾。服之万全。自此之后。世伪情
浇。智虑日生。驰十无厌。忧患不息。故邪气数侵。病转深痼。虽服良药不愈。其后雷公桐君更增演本草。二家
药对。广其主治。繁其类族。既世改情移。生病日深。或未有此病。而遂设彼药。或一药以治众疾。或百药共愈
一病。欲以排邪还正。为之原防故也。而三家所列。疾病互有盈缩。或物异而名同。或物同而名异。或冷热乖违。
甘苦背越。采取殊法。出处异所。若此之流。殆难按据。寻其大归。神农之时。未有文本。至于黄帝。书记乃
兴。于是神农本草。别为四经。三家之说。递有损益。岂非随时适变。殊途同归者乎。但本草之书。历代久远。
既靡师受。又无注训。传写之人。遗误相继。字义残阙。莫之是正。方用有验。布舒合和。（陶贞白文集。○案
此非全文。合和以下。尚有数十句。）
掌禹锡曰。药总诀。梁陶隐居撰。论夫药品五味寒热之性。主疗疾病。及采蓄时月之法。凡二卷。一本题
云药像口诀。不着撰人名氏。文本并相类。
〔亡名氏药像口诀〕二卷 佚
〔蔡氏（英）本草经〕隋志四卷 佚
〔亡名氏药目要用〕隋志二卷 佚
〔姚氏（景）本草音义〕（艺文略作姚最）隋志三卷 佚
〔亡名氏本草集录〕隋志二卷 佚
〔本草钞〕隋志四卷 佚
〔本草杂要诀〕隋志一卷 佚
〔根据本草录药性〕隋志三卷录一卷 佚
〔原氏（平仲）灵秀本草图〕隋志一卷（旧唐志作六卷）佚
〔亡名氏入林采药法〕隋志二卷 佚
〔太常采药时月〕隋志一卷 佚
〔四时采药及合目录〕隋志四卷 佚
〔诸药要性〕隋志二卷 佚
〔种植药法〕隋志一卷 佚
〔李氏（密）药录〕隋志二卷 佚
北史李裔传曰。密字希邕。少有节操。母患积年。名医疗之不愈。乃精习经方。洞闲针药。母疾得除。由是
以医术知名。属尔朱兆弑逆。与勃海高昂。为报复计。后从神武。封容城县侯。位襄州刺史。
〔甄氏（阙名）本草〕隋志三卷 佚
〔甄氏（立言）本草音义〕（新唐志注曰。立言一作权。）隋志七卷 佚
旧唐书甄权传曰。权弟立言。武德中。累迁太常丞。御史大夫。杜淹患风毒发肿。太宗令立言视之。既而奏
曰。从今十一日午时必死。果如其言。时有尼明律。年六十余。患心腹鼓胀身体羸瘦。已经二年。立言诊脉曰。
其腹内有虫。当是误食发为之耳。因令服雄黄。须臾吐出一蛇。如人手小指。唯无眼。烧之犹有发气。其疾乃愈。
立言寻卒。撰本草音义七卷。古今录验方五十卷。
〔本草药性〕旧唐志三卷 佚
〔亡名氏药性论〕宋志四卷 佚
掌禹锡曰。不着撰人名氏。集众药品类。分其性味君臣主病之效。凡四卷。一本题曰陶隐居撰。然所记药性
功状。与本草有相戾者。疑非隐居所为。
李时珍曰。药性论。即药性本草。乃唐甄权所着也。权
扶沟人。仕隋为秘书省正字。唐太宗时。年百二十岁。帝幸其第。访以药性。因上此书。授朝散大夫。其言论主
治亦详。
按隋志所载甄氏本草。与立言本草药性。疑是同书。若药性论。亦岂一书欤。唯卷帙不同。至李时珍说。恐
难信据。
〔沙门行矩诸药异名〕（新唐志。作僧行智。）隋志八卷。注曰。本十卷今阙 佚
〔王氏（方庆）新本草〕新唐志四十一卷 佚
旧唐书本传曰。王方庆。太原人也。雅有材度。博学多闻。笃好经方。精于药性。则天令监领尚药奉御张文
仲侍医李虔纵光禄韦慈藏等。撰诸药方。方庆撰随身左右百发百中备急方十卷。大行于世。
〔药性要诀〕新唐志五卷 佚
〔郑氏（虔）胡本草〕新唐志七卷 佚
新唐书本传曰。郑虔。郑州荥阳人。天宝初。为协律郎。集掇常世事。着书八十余篇。有窥其稿者。上书告
撰私撰国史。虔苍黄焚之。坐谪十年还京师。玄宗爱其才。欲置左右。以不事事更置广文馆。以虔为博士。虔不
知广文曹司何在。诉宰相曰。上增国学。置广文馆。以居贤者。令后世广博文士自君始。不亦美乎。虔乃就职之
久雨坏庑舍。有司不复修完。寓治国子馆。自是遂废。初虔追故书可志者。得四十余篇。国子司业苏源明名其书
为会粹。虔善图山水。好书。常苦无纸。于是慈恩寺贮柿叶数屋。遂往日取叶肄书。岁久殆遍。尝自写其诗。并
书以献。帝大署其尾曰。郑虔三绝。迁著作郎。安禄山反。遣张通儒劫百官。置东都。伪授虔水部郎中。因称风
缓。求摄市令。潜以密章达灵武。贼平与张通王维并囚宣阳里三人者。皆善书画。崔圆使绘斋壁。
虔等方悸死。即极思析解于圆。遂免死。贬台州司户参军事。后数年卒。
〔萧氏（炳）四声本草〕宋志四卷 佚
掌禹锡曰。四声本草。唐兰陵处士萧炳撰。取本草药名每上一字。以四声相从。以便讨检。凡五卷。前进士
王收撰序。
〔江氏（承宗）删繁药咏〕新唐志三卷注曰凤翔节度要籍 佚
〔杨氏（损之）删繁本草〕艺文略五卷 佚
掌禹锡曰。删繁本草。唐润州医博士兼节度随军杨损之撰。以本草诸书所载。药类颇繁。难于看检。删去其
不急。并有名未用之类。为五卷。不着年代。疑开元后人。
〔杜氏（善方）本草性类〕艺文略一卷 佚
掌禹锡曰。本草性事类。京兆医工杜善方撰。不详何代人。以本草药名。随类解释。删去重复。又附以诸
This is not intended as a reference tool for consultation. The annotations and explanations provided contain much profound insight. Compared with the entries recorded in Li Shizhen's *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), the elucidation of various points is quite concise. However, although the *Bencao* (Materia Medica) is attributed to Shennong (Divine Farmer), the places of origin mentioned therein sometimes refer to commanderies and counties from the Later Han Dynasty, indicating that there is much later interpolation. Statements such as "long-term consumption leads to lightness of body and longevity" are largely the claims of alchemists and cannot be fully trusted. Dachun (referring to a specific author or commentator) holds this work in excessively high regard and attempts to explain every aspect rationally, which appears rather far-fetched. Furthermore, in Dachun's *Yaoxing Zhuan Chang Lun* (Treatise on Specialized Properties of Medicinals), it is stated: "Medicines cure diseases; some can be explained, while others cannot." This view is the most comprehensive and reasonable. Therefore, the discussions in this book still belong to minor details. Nevertheless, among various Bencao texts, it has served an enlightening function.
[Shennong Bencao] (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica): Recorded as 8 volumes in the Sui Dynasty bibliography, now lost.
[Shennong Bencao]: Recorded as 5 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Shennong Bencao Shuwu] (Classification of Items in Divine Farmer's Materia Medica): Recorded as 2 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Shennong Caiyao Jing] (Scripture on Divine Farmer's Herb Gathering): Recorded as 2 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Leigong Yaodui] (Leigong's Pairs of Medicinals): Volume 4 (recorded as 2 volumes in the Old Tang Treatise on Literature), now lost.
Tao Hongjing stated: *Yaodui* consists of 4 volumes, discussing the auxiliary roles and synergistic relationships of herbs (as cited in *Bencao Jing Xu Lie*).
He also said: Leigong and Tongjun further expanded and elaborated on the *Bencao*. Their respective *Yaodui* works broadened the therapeutic indications and complicated the classification of herbs (as cited in *Yao Zongjue Xu*).
[Xu Shi (Zhicai) Leigong Yaodui]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the New Tang Treatise on Literature, now lost.
The brief biography in the Book of Northern Qi states: Xu Zhicai, courtesy name Shimao, was from Jinxiang, Gaoping. He was intelligent and agile from childhood, particularly sharp and sensitive. During the Liang Dynasty, he served as Right Constant Attendant in the Army Garrison for Prince Zhangjiang, Xiao Zong. He followed Xiao Zong to garrison Pengcheng. When Xiao Zong surrendered to Wei, Zhicai fled to Lüliang and was captured by the Wei forces. Being stranded in a foreign land, he made a living through medicine and was skilled in cryptic humor and wit. Nobles and dignitaries competed to gift him wealth, making him affluent. He gradually rose to the position of Non-Established Cavalier Gentleman at Ease, added the title of Gold and Purple General of the Central Army. During the Tianping era, when Gaozu went to Jinyang, Zhicai resided in the inner pavilion. His treatments were successful ten out of ten times. During the Huangjian era, he was appointed Governor of Yanzhou but had not yet taken office. When Empress Wuming fell ill, Zhicai presented medicine that cured her immediately, earning immense rewards. A patient suffered from unbearable swelling and pain in the heel; physicians could not identify the condition. Zhicai examined it and said, "It is the essence of a clam." One should take a boat into the sea and retrieve it from the water near the feet. The patient agreed. Zhicai cut out two clam shells, the size of elm seeds. Another person used five-colored bone as a handle for a pendant knife. Zhicai said, "This person has a tumor." Asked where it came from, the reply was, "I found a skull in an ancient tomb, with forehead bones several inches long. I tried shaving them to see the texture, so I used them." His erudition was of this nature (cited from *Taiping Yulan*).
Zhang Yuxi stated: *Yaodui* was compiled by Xu Zhicai, Chancellor of the Secretariat and King of Xiyang of the Northern Qi. It classified various medicinal names and qualities according to sovereign-minister-auxiliary-connector principles, toxicities, contraindications, and treated diseases. It comprised two volumes. Old Bencao texts often cited it as authority; its descriptions of treating diseases and using medicines are the most detailed.
Li Shizhen stated: *Leigong Yaodui* existed before Tao's time, as cited in Wu's *Bencao*. It was likely authored by Leigong during the Yellow Emperor's era, later embellished by Zhicai.
[Zong Shi (Lingqi) Xin Guang Yaodui] (New Expanded Pairs of Medicinals): Recorded as 3 volumes in *Yiwen Lue*, now lost.
[Tongjun Yaolu] (Tongjun's Record of Medicinals): Recorded as 3 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
Tao Hongjing stated: Tongjun's *Caiyao Lu* describes the flowers, leaves, shapes, and colors of herbs.
Monk Yuanzhi stated: Mount Tongjun is in Yanzhou. Someone gathered herbs there, built a hut under a paulownia tree, and adopted the tree as his surname, hence the mountain's name.
[Ziyi Bencao Jing] (Ziyi's Materia Medica Scripture): Recorded as 1 volume in *Zhongjing Bu*, now lost.
Jia Gongyan stated: Liu Xiang said that Bian Que treated the Crown Prince of Zhao for a sudden illness resembling corpse rigidity, ordering Ziming to boil decoctions, Ziyi to pulse-diagnose, and Zushu to massage. Also, *Zhongjing Bu* mentions *Ziyi Bencao Jing*, 1 volume. Ziyi and Zi Yi are the same person. If so, Ziyi was also a person from the late Zhou period (cited from *Zhouli Zhengyi*).
[Cai Shi (Yong) Bencao]: Recorded as 7 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
The brief biography of Cai Yong in the Book of Later Han states: Cai Yong, courtesy name Bojie, was from Yu, Chenliu. He was learned in his youth, studied under Grand Tutor Hu Guang, loved rhetoric, numerology, and astronomy, and was adept at music. In the third year of Jianning, he was summoned to the office of Situ Qiao Xuan, who respected him greatly. He was sent out to serve as Magistrate of Heping, then recalled as Langzhong, collating texts at the Eastern Pavilion, and promoted to Yilang.
[Wu Shi (Pu) Bencao] (Old Tang Treatise records as *Bencao Yin*): Recorded as 6 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
The Biography of Hua Tuo in the Book of Later Han states: Wu Pu of Guangling and Fan A of Pengcheng both studied under Hua Tuo. Wu Pu followed Hua Tuo's treatment principles and saved many people.
Han Baosheng stated: Wu Pu was from Guangling, a disciple of Hua Tuo, who wrote one volume of *Bencao*.
Zhang Yuxi stated: *Wu Shi Bencao* was written by Wu Pu of Guangling, Wei state. Wu Pu was a disciple of Hua Tuo, who revised *Shennong Bencao*, resulting in 441 substances. Six volumes remained extant in the Tang *Jingji Zhi*. Now held no longer in the imperial library, but frequently cited in various sub-school texts. Its descriptions of medicinal properties, temperature, and five flavors are the most detailed.
Li Shizhen stated: *Wu Shi Bencao* separately records the properties and flavors discussed by Shennong, the Yellow Emperor, Qibo, Tongjun, Leigong, Bian Que, and Hua Tuo in great detail. It is now lost.
[Li Shi (Dangzhi) Bencao Jing]: Recorded as 1 volume in the *Qilu*, now lost.
Han Baosheng stated: Li Dangzhi was a disciple of Hua Tuo who revised *Shennong Benjing*, but it was rarely circulated in the world.
[Yaolu] (Records of Medicinals): Recorded as 6 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
Li Shizhen stated: Li Shi's *Yaolu* is scattered within Wu Shi's and Tao Shi's *Bencao*, containing many innovations.
[Sui Shi (Fei) Bencao]: Recorded as 9 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Qin Shi (Chengzu) Bencao]: Recorded as 6 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
The Book of Song states: Qin Chengzu was upright and dedicated to arts. He treated patients with prescriptions regardless of status, saving many. He was called a skilled hand. He compiled thirty volumes of prescriptions, widely circulated (cited from *Taiping Yulan*).
[Lei Shi (?) Paozhi Lun] (Lei's Processing Theory; Song Bibliography records as *Paozhi Fang*): Recorded as 3 volumes in *Yiwen Lue*, now lost.
Self-preface states: As for how people use medicines today, do they know the sovereign-minister hierarchy? Having distinguished sovereign and minister, why not distinguish mutual restraint? For instance, [animal] hair dipped in urine instantly resolves斑肿 toxicity; elephant gallbladder applied sticky substance reveals the emotional differences of drugs. [Fish] inserted into trees dries up instantly; applying dog blood makes things flourish. Cutting fingers with unnamed Chu grass resembles removing nail hairs. Sacred stones open blindness and brighten eyes like clouds parting from the sun. Dang Gui stops bleeding and breaks stasis; head and tail have different effects. Rui Zi cooked or raw determines sleep or wakefulness. Bi Bi with light salt mixes like wine meeting alcohol. Iron encountering cinnabar becomes like mud or powder. Stone passing through crane droppings turns to dust flying. [Something] seeing orange flowers resembles broken marrow and snapped strings. Encountering phoenix blood restores original state. When seas dry and rivers wither, throwing swimming waves makes them float instantly. Making lead resist fire requires cultivating heaven. To make form firm, how can one forget purple-back [herb]? Keeping arsenic in the tripod relies entirely on ancestral heart. Only obtaining mustard flowers instantly transforms into Geng. [Something] encountering red whiskers keeps water in the golden tripod. Fire born in water cannot grow teeth and teeth without slippery marrow. Relying on male rat bone powder. Falling eyebrows and hair, applying Ban Xia makes them grow instantly. Eyes opening wide [something], having five flowers naturally corrects itself. Flesh growing on feet [something], stick tied to Dangun root. Wrinkled scrotum with many swirls, boiling bamboo and wood at night. Cold body and large belly rely entirely on skull [something]. Blood flooding passages, drinking adjusted melon seeds. Frequent coughing and reversal, taking cooked male [herb] with wine. Rash wind all over the body, coldly adjusting Sheng Ce. Intestinal deficiency and dysentery require Cao Ling. Long thirst and vexed heart, suitable to pour Zhu Li. Removing [something] lumps relies entirely on Xiao [something]. Increasing food and adding cups requires boiling Lu Pu. Strengthening tendons and building bones, wine is Cong Rong. Preserving color and extending years, steaming spirit brocade. Knowing the location of sores, applying Yin Jiao to the mouth. Postpartum skin floating, taking Gan Pi with wine. Mouth ulcers and split tongues, instantly healed by Huang Su. Brain pain wanting death, snuffing Xiao Mo into nose. Heartache wanting death, quickly seeking Yan Hu. Like these hundred kinds, are the merits of medicines. I, unworthy, met a bright era, mistakenly studied medical principles. Though seeking sage methods, difficult to exhaust subtleties. Briefly stating the functions of drug baits, how could one indulge in immortal techniques? The processing, roasting, frying, and boiling of medicines, I cannot record the years. To examine the origins, one must look at the Sea Collection. I do not measure my short sight, directly recording roasting, boiling, frying, and processing, listing drug preparations, divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower three volumes. There are two hundred named items, detailed below.
Su Song stated: Lei [Gong], though considered a Sui person, his book mentions post-Tang medicinal names. Perhaps later generations added or subtracted content? (Cited from *Zhenglei Bencao* referencing *Tujing* Shihui note.)
Zhao Xibian stated: *Leigong Paozhi* 3 volumes, written by ancient Song Lei [Gong]. Hu Qia re-determined it, describing the properties, flavors, and methods of processing, boiling, roasting, and frying of hundred herbs. The arguments are mostly based on Mr. Yan of Xianning. Referring to Neijiu Shouguo Anzheng Gong, likely an official title, unknown.
Li Shizhen stated: *Leigong Paozhi Lun* covers 300 medicines, divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower volumes. The methods of property, flavor, processing, boiling, roasting, and preparation are mostly archaic and obscure; the text is also primitive and simple, forming a distinct school. Mostly based on Mr. Yan of Xianning. The preface discusses physical principles, also very profound. Recorded below. Mr. Yan of Xianning, named Yan Feng, wrote *Zhi Fu Cao Shi Lun* 6 volumes. Likely a text on alchemy and mineral drugs.
Note: Lei [Gong] is called either Sui or Song person; unclear which is correct. However, Hu Qia's name appears in Liu Jingshu's *Yi Yuan*, and since he re-determined it, he should be a Song person. *Zhi Fu Cao Shi Lun* 6 volumes by Mr. Yan of Xianning appears in the *New Tang Treatise on Literature*. Since it is a Daoist text, it is not listed here.
[Chen Lei Paozhi Lun]: Recorded as 3 volumes in *Yiwen Lue*, now lost.
[Wang Shi (Jipu) Bencao Jing]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Tan Shi (Daoshu) Bencao Jing Chao]: Recorded as 1 volume in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Song Great General's Adjutant Xu Shi (Shuxiang) Bencao Bingyuan Heyao Yao Chao]: Recorded as 5 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
The Biography of Zhang Shao in the Southern History states: Xu Qiufu sons Daodu and Shuxiang both mastered their profession.
[Si Jia Tilia Za Bing Bencao Yao Chao]: Recorded as 10 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Wang Shi (Wei) Chao Xiao'er Yong Yao Bencao]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Gan Shi (Junzhi) Yongju Er Yan Bencao Yao Chao]: Recorded as 9 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Bencao Yaofang]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Zhao Shi (Zan) Bencao Jing]: Recorded as 1 volume in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Anonymous Jinglue]: Recorded as 1 volume in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Bencao Jing Lei Yong]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Bencao Jing Qingxing]: Recorded as 1 volume in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Bencao Jing Liyong]: Recorded as 1 volume in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Yunhui General Xu Shi (Tao) Xinji Yaolu]: Recorded as 4 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Anonymous Yaofa]: Recorded as 42 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Yaolv]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Yaoxing]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Yaodui]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Yaomu]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Yaoji]: Recorded as 1 volume in the *Qilu*, now lost.
[Xu Shi (Dashan) Bencao]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Tao Shi (Hongjing) Yao Zongjue] (*Yiwen Lue* records as *Ji Yaojue*, another *Yao Zongjue* 1 volume exists, possibly duplicate entry.): Recorded as 1 volume in *Yiwen Lue*, now lost.
Self-preface states: In ancient times, Shennong created the *Bencao*, recording 365 types to correspond to one year. A year has 365 days; each day generates one herb, curing one disease. Corresponding to astronomy above, human relations in the middle, and geography below. Harmonizing five flavors, making fermented wines, to prepare for the four qi. Not taking them, hoping the root is established and the Dao arises. At that time, human hearts were simple, desires few. Even with slight illnesses, taking them ensured safety. Since then, customs became false, emotions shallow, wisdom and thoughts grew daily, galloping desires unsatisfied, worries endless. Thus evil qi invaded frequently, diseases turned deep and stubborn. Even taking good medicines did not cure. Afterwards, Leigong and Tongjun further expanded the *Bencao*. Their two *Yaodui* works broadened indications and complicated classifications. Since the world changed and emotions shifted, diseases deepened daily. Sometimes diseases did not exist, yet medicines were created for them; or one medicine treated many diseases, or hundred medicines cured one disease. Wanting to expel evil and return to righteousness, establishing prevention as the root cause. The listings of these three families had diseases with surpluses and deficits. Objects differed but names were same; objects same but names differed. Cold and hot contradicted; sweet and bitter diverged. Collection methods varied; origins differed. Such cases were hard to verify. Seeking the general trend, in Shennong's time, there was no text. Until the Yellow Emperor, records arose. Thus *Shennong Bencao* was separated into four scriptures. The theories of the three families had successive additions and deletions. Is this not adapting to times and changes, different paths leading to the same goal? However, the *Bencao* book is ancient. With no teachers transmitting it and no annotations explaining it, copyists made errors successively, meanings残缺, none corrected. Formulas used effectively, spreading and harmonizing. (Tao Zhenbai Collected Works. ○ Note: This is not the full text; after 'harmonizing', there are dozens more sentences.)
Zhang Yuxi stated: *Yao Zongjue* was written by Tao Yinju of Liang. It discusses the properties of five flavors and cold/heat of medicinal items, main treatments for diseases, and methods/times for gathering and storing. Two volumes. One version titled *Yao Xiang Koujue*, author unknown. Texts are similar.
[Anonymous Yao Xiang Koujue]: 2 volumes, now lost.
[Cai Shi (Ying) Bencao Jing]: Recorded as 4 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Anonymous Yaomu Yaoyong]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Yao Shi (Jing) Bencao Yinyi] (*Yiwen Lue* records as Yao Zui): Recorded as 3 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Anonymous Bencao Jilu]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Bencao Chao]: Recorded as 4 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Bencao Za Yaojue]: Recorded as 1 volume in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Genju Bencao Lu Yaoxing]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the Sui bibliography, Lu 1 volume, now lost.
[Yuan Shi (Pingzhong) Lingxiu Bencao Tu]: Recorded as 1 volume in the Sui bibliography (Old Tang records as 6 volumes), now lost.
[Anonymous Rulin Caiyao Fa]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Tai Chang Caiyao Shiyue]: Recorded as 1 volume in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Sishi Caiyao Ji He Mulü]: Recorded as 4 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Zhuyao Yaoxing]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Zhongzhi Yaofa]: Recorded as 1 volume in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Li Shi (Mi) Yaolu]: Recorded as 2 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
The Biography of Li Yi in the Northern History states: Li Mi, courtesy name Xiyong, had integrity in his youth. His mother suffered from chronic illness for years; famous doctors failed to cure her. He meticulously studied classic formulas and mastered acupuncture and herbs. His mother's illness was removed, becoming known for medical skills. When Erzhu Zhao committed regicide, he plotted revenge with Gao Ang of Bohai. Later followed Shenwu, enfeoffed as Marquis of Rongcheng County, serving as Prefect of Xiangzhou.
[Zhen Shi (Anonymous) Bencao]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
[Zhen Shi (Liyan) Bencao Yinyi] (New Tang Treatise note: Liyan also written as Quan): Recorded as 7 volumes in the Sui bibliography, now lost.
The Biography of Zhen Quan in the Old Tang History states: Zhen Quan's younger brother Zhen Liyan, during the Wude era, repeatedly promoted to Vice Director of Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Censor-in-Chief. Du Yan suffered from wind-toxin swelling. Emperor Taizong ordered Liyan to treat him. Liyan reported: "He will die eleven days from noon today." It happened as predicted. A nun named Minglü, over sixty, suffered from abdominal distension and emaciation for two years. Liyan diagnosed pulse: "There are parasites in her abdomen, likely caused by ingesting hair." Ordered her to take Realgar. Soon she vomited a snake, size of a human little finger, without eyes. Burning it still smelled of hair. Her illness cured. Liyan died soon after, writing *Bencao Yinyi* 7 volumes and *Gujin Luyan Fang* 50 volumes.
[Bencao Yaoxing]: Recorded as 3 volumes in the Old Tang Treatise on Literature, now lost.
[Anonymous Yaoxing Lun]: Recorded as 4 volumes in the Song Treatise on Literature, now lost.
Zhang Yuxi stated: Author unknown. Collects various medicinal categories, dividing their properties, flavors, sovereign-minister roles, and efficacy in treating diseases. Four volumes. One version titled "Written by Tao Yinju," but the recorded properties and effects contradict the *Bencao*. Suspected not by Yinju.
Li Shizhen stated: *Yaoxing Lun*, i.e., *Yaoxing Bencao*, was written by Tang dynasty's Zhen Quan. Quan was from Fugou, served as Corrector of Books in the Secretariat during Sui. In Emperor Taizong's time, aged 120. The Emperor visited his home, asked about medicinal properties, and he submitted this book, granted title Chaosan Dafu. His discussions on main treatments are also detailed.
Note: The Zhen Shi *Bencao* in the Sui bibliography and Liyan's *Bencao Yaoxing* are suspected to be the same book. If *Yaoxing Lun*, is it the same book? Only volumes differ. Li Shizhen's statement is likely unreliable.
[Shamen Xingju Zhuyao Yiming] (New Tang Treatise records as Monk Xingzhi): Recorded as 8 volumes in the Sui bibliography. Note: Originally 10 volumes, now missing. Lost.
[Wang Shi (Fangqing) Xin Bencao]: Recorded as 41 volumes in the New Tang Treatise on Literature, now lost.
The Biography of Wang Fangqing in the Old Tang History states: Wang Fangqing, from Taiyuan, elegant in talent and demeanor, learned and knowledgeable, devoted to classic formulas, expert in medicinal properties. Empress Wu ordered him to supervise Zhang Wenzhong, Imperial Physician Li Qianzong, Guanglu Wei Cizang, etc., in compiling prescription formulas. Fangqing wrote *Suishen Zuoyou Baifa Baizhong Beiji Fang* 10 volumes, widely circulated.
[Yaoxing Yaojue]: Recorded as 5 volumes in the New Tang Treatise on Literature, now lost.
[Zheng Shi (Qian) Hu Bencao]: Recorded as 7 volumes in the New Tang Treatise on Literature, now lost.
The Biography of Zheng Qian in the New Tang History states: Zheng Qian, from Xingyang, Zhengzhou. Early Tianbao era, served as Xielü Lang. Collected daily events, wrote over 80 essays. Someone peeked at his drafts, reported him for privately compiling national history. Qian hastily burned them, sentenced to exile for ten years, returned to capital. Emperor Xuanzong loved his talent, wanted him nearby, but since he didn't engage in routine affairs, established Guangwen Academy, appointing Qian as Doctor. Qian didn't know where Guangwen Office was, complained to Chancellor: "The Emperor increased Guozuo, set up Guangwen Academy to house sages, letting future scholars start from you, isn't it beautiful?" Qian took office. Heavy rain damaged corridors, officials didn't repair, lodged in Guozuo Academy, thus abandoned. Initially Qian traced old books worth recording, got 40+ pieces. Guozuo Siye Su Yuanming named the book *Huicui*. Qian skilled in landscape painting, loved calligraphy, lacked paper, so Ci'en Temple stored persimmon leaves in several rooms, took leaves daily to practice writing, years passed almost covered. Once wrote his poems, inscribed and presented to Emperor. Emperor signed tail: "Zheng Qian's Three Perfections." Promoted to Writing Master. An Lushan rebelled, sent Zhang Tongru to coerce officials, placed in Eastern Capital, pseudo-appointed Qian Water Department Langzhong. Claimed wind paralysis, requested acting Market Mayor, secretly sent密章 to Lingwu. Rebels pacified, imprisoned with Zhang Tongru and Wang Wei in Xuanyang Li. These three excelled in painting and calligraphy. Cui Yuan had them paint monastery walls. Qian and others feared death, analyzed explanations for Cui Yuan, spared death, demoted to Military Supervisor of Taizhou. Died years later.
[Xiao Shi (Bing) Sisheng Bencao]: Recorded as 4 volumes in the Song Treatise on Literature, now lost.
Zhang Yuxi stated: *Sisheng Bencao* was written by Xiao Bing, recluse of Lanling, Tang. Took each character of Bencao names, arranged by four tones for easy lookup. Five volumes. Former Jinshi Wang Shou wrote preface.
[Jiang Shi (Chengzong) Shanfan Yao Yong]: Recorded as 3 volumes in New Tang Treatise on Literature. Note: Fengxiang Jiedu Yaoji. Lost.
[Yang Shi (Sunzhi) Shanfan Bencao]: Recorded as 5 volumes in *Yiwen Lue*, now lost.
Zhang Yuxi stated: *Shanfan Bencao* was written by Yang Sunzhi, Medical Doctor of Runzhou and Campaign Assistant of Jiedu, Tang. Because Bencao texts contained too many herb categories, hard to check, deleted unnecessary and unused-named items, making five volumes. Date unknown, suspected post-Kaiyuan era.
[Du Shi (Shanfāng) Bencao Xinglei]: Recorded as 1 volume in *Yiwen Lue*, now lost.
Zhang Yuxi stated: *Bencao Xingshi Lei* was written by Du Shanfang, Medical Worker of Jingzhao. Era unknown. Explained Bencao names by category, deleted repetitions. Attached various...