〔张氏（元素）珍珠囊〕一卷 未见
李时珍曰。洁古珍珠囊。书凡一卷。金易州明医张元素所着。元素字洁古。举进士不第。去学医。深阐轩岐
秘奥。参悟天人幽微。言古方新病不相能。自成家法。辨药性之气味。阴阳浓薄。升降浮沉。补泻六气十二经。
及随证用药之法。立为主治秘诀。心法要旨。谓之珍珠囊。大扬医理。灵素之下一人而已。后人翻为韵语。以便
记诵。谓之东垣珍珠囊谬矣。惜乎止论百品。未及遍评。
〔洁古本草〕国史经籍志二卷 未见
〔李氏（杲）用药法象〕（砚坚试效方序。作药象论。）一卷 未见
元史本传曰。李杲字明之。镇人也。世以货雄乡里。杲幼岁好医药。时易人张元素以医名燕赵间。杲捐千金
从之学。不数年尽传其业。家即富浓，无事于技。操有余以自重。人不敢以医名之。大夫士或病。其资性高謇。
少所降屈。非危急之病。不敢谒也。其学于伤寒痈疽眼目病为尤长。北京人王善甫为京兆酒官。病小便不利。目
睛凸出。腹胀如鼓。膝以上坚硬欲裂。饮食且不下。甘淡渗泄之药皆不效。杲谓众医曰。病深矣。内经有之。膀
胱者。津液之府。必气化乃出焉。今用淡渗之剂。而病益甚者。是气不化也。启玄子云。无阳者阴无以生。无阴
者阳无以化。甘淡渗泄皆
阳药。独阳无阴。其欲化得乎。明日以群阴之剂投。不再服而愈。西台掾萧君瑞二月中病伤寒发热。医以白虎汤
投之。病者面黑如墨。本证不复见。脉沉细。小便不禁。杲初不知用何药。及诊之曰。此立夏前。误用白虎汤之
过。白虎汤大寒。非行经之药。止能寒腑脏。不善用之。则伤寒本病。隐曲于经络之间。或更以大热之药拯之。
以苦阴邪。则他证必起。非所以拯白虎也。有温药之升阳行经者。吾用之。有难者曰。白虎大寒。非大热何以救。
君之治奈何。杲曰。病隐于经络间。阳不升则经不行。经行而本证见矣。本证又何难焉。果如其言而愈。魏邦彦
之妻。目翳暴生。从下而上。其色绿。肿痛不可忍。杲云。翳从下而上。病从阳明来也。绿非五色之正。殆肺与
肾合而为病邪。乃泻肺肾之邪。而以入阳明之药为之使。既效矣。而他日病复作者三。其所从来之经。与肾色各
异。乃曰。诸脉皆属于目。脉病则目从之。此必经络不调。经不调。则目病未已也。问之果然。因如所论而治之。
疾遂不作。冯叔献之侄栎年五六。病伤寒目赤而烦渴。脉七八至。医欲以承气汤下之。已煮药而杲适从外来。
冯告之故。杲切脉大骇曰。几杀此儿。内经有言。在脉诸数为热。诸迟为寒。今脉八九至。是热极也。而至真要
大论云。病有脉从而病反者。何也。脉之而从。按之不鼓。诸阳皆然。此传而为阴证矣。令持姜附来。吾当以热
因寒用法处之。药未就。而病者爪甲变。顿服者八两。汗寻出而愈。陕帅郭巨济病偏枯。二指着足底不能伸。杲
以长针刺HT 中。深至骨而不知痛。出血一二升。其色如墨。又且缪刺之。如此者六七。服药三月。病良已。裴择
之妻病寒热。月事不至者数年。已喘嗽矣。医者率以蛤蚧桂附之药投之。杲曰。不
然。夫病阴为阳所搏。温剂大过。故无益而反害。投以寒血之药。则经行矣。已而果然。杲之设施多类此。当时
之人。皆以神医目之。所着书。今多传于世云。
李时珍曰。用药法象。书凡一卷。元真定明医李杲所着。杲字明之。号东垣。通春秋书易。忠信有守。富
而好施。援例为济源盐税官。受业于洁古老人。尽得其学。益加阐发。人称神医。祖洁古珍珠囊。增以用药凡例
诸经向导。纲要活法。着为此书。
〔药谱〕一卷 未见
按上见于也是园书目。
〔珍珠囊药性赋〕一卷 存
四库全书提要曰。珍珠囊指掌补遗药性赋四卷。旧本题金李杲撰。考珍珠囊。为洁古老人张元素着。其书久
已散失。世传东垣珍珠囊乃后人所伪托。李时珍本草纲目辨之甚详。是编首载寒热温平四赋。次及用药歌诀。
俱浅俚不足观。盖庸医至陋之本。而亦托名于杲。妄矣。
〔王氏（好古）汤液本草〕医藏目录二卷 存
自序曰。世皆知素问为医之祖。而不如轩岐之书实出于神农本草也。殷伊芳尹用本草为汤液。汉仲景广汤液
为大法。此医家之正学。虽后世之明哲有作。皆不越此。予集是书。复以本草正条。各从三阴三阳一二经为例。
仍以主病者为元首。臣佐使应次之。不必如编类者。玉石。次草木。次虫鱼以上中下三品为门也。如太阳经。
当用桂枝汤。麻黄汤。必以麻黄桂枝为主。本方中余药后附之。如阳明经。当用白虎汤。必以石膏为主。本方中
余药后附之。如少阳经。当用三禁汤。必以柴胡为主。本方中余药后附之。如太阴少阴厥阴
之经。所用热药。皆仿诸此。至金匮祖方汤液外。定为常制。凡可用者。皆杂附之。或以伤寒之剂。改治杂病。
或以权宜之料。更疗常疾。以汤为散。以散为丸。变易百端。增一二味。别作他名。减一二味。另为殊法。医垒
元戎。阴证略例。 论萃英。钱氏补遗等书。安乐之法。汤液本草统之。其源出于洁古老人珍珠囊也。其间议论。
出新意于法度之中。注奇辞于理趣之外。见闻一得。久弊全更。不特药品之咸精。抑亦疾病之不误。夭横不至。
寿域可期。其汤液本草欤。时戊戌夏六月。海藏王好古书。
李时珍曰。汤液本草。书凡二卷。元医学教授古赵王好古撰。好古字进之。号海藏。东垣高弟。医之儒者
也。取本草及张仲景成无己张洁古李东垣之书。间附己意。集而为此。
四库全书提要曰。“汤液本草三卷。元王好古撰。曰汤液者。取汉志汤液经方义也。上卷载东垣药类法象。
用药心法。附以五宜。五伤。七方。十剂。中下二卷。以本草诸药。配合三阳三阴十二经络。仍以主病者为首。
臣佐使应次之。每药之下。先气。次味。次入某经。所谓象云者。药类法象也。心云者。用药心法也。珍者。洁
古珍珠囊也。其余各家。虽有采辑。然好古受业于洁古。而讲肄于东垣。故于二家用药。尤多征引焉。考本草药
味不过三品。三百六十五名。陶弘景别录以下。递有增加。往往有名未用。即本经所云主治。亦或古今性异。不
尽可从。如黄连。今惟用以清火解毒。而经云。浓肠胃。医家有敢遵之者哉。好古此书所列。皆从名医试验而来。
虽为数无多。而条例分明。简而有要。亦可云适乎实用之书矣。”
〔李氏（浩）诸药论〕佚
按上见于滕县志。
〔王氏（东野）本草〕佚
吉安府志曰。王东野永新人。精方脉。尝着本草经。当
时知名。任太医院御医。虞文靖揭文安程雪楼刘申斋赵子昂
咸与之交。而尤浓赵魏公。以老致仕。
〔詹氏（瑞方）本草类要〕国志经籍志十卷 未见
〔尚氏（从善）本草元命苞〕国史经籍志七卷（读书敏求记作九卷） 未见
钱曾曰。本草元命苞九卷。元朝崇尚医学。设令医官。考试出题。以难素为经。 仲景为治法本草而又苦其
繁冗。尚从善集此书。求简易于慎微本草之中。总四百六十八种。盖便于时人之采摭也。为前序者。至正三年。
平江路常熟州知州班惟志未知邑乘中。列其人否。附识以俟参考。
〔朱氏（震亨）丹溪本草〕一卷 未见
按上见于 竹堂书目。
〔滑氏（寿）本草发挥〕一卷 未见
按上见于浙江通志经籍部。
〔本草韵会〕未见
按上见于古今医统。
〔徐氏（彦纯）本草发挥〕国史经籍志四卷 存
李时珍曰。本草发挥。书凡三卷。洪武时。丹溪弟子山阴徐彦纯用诚所集。取张洁古李东垣王海藏朱丹溪成
无己数家之说。合成一书尔。别无增益。
〔叶氏（子奇）本草节要〕十卷 未见
按上见于浙江通志。
钱谦益曰。叶子奇。字世杰。龙泉人。王师入处。子奇上书总制孙炎。谓龙凤常绍宋正统。改纪元政。用荐
主巴陵簿。尝作太玄本旨。究通衍皇极之说。儒者多称之。洪武十一年春。有司以甲令祭城隍神。群吏窃饮猪脑
酒。县学生发其事。世杰适至。亦株连就逮狱中。以瓦磨墨。有得辄书。事释家居。因续成之。号草木子。（列
朝诗集）
〔徐氏（彪）本草证治辨明〕明史十卷 未见
松江府志曰。徐彪。字文蔚。太医院使枢子也。正统十年。以能医荐入太医院。时代王久病 。又昌平侯杨
洪在边疾笃。受诏往视。皆不旬日而瘳。遂留御药局。十三年擢御医。景泰二年迁院判。常侍禁中。每以医谏。
景帝问药性迟速。对曰。药性犹人性也。善者千日而不足。恶者一日而有余。问摄生。以固元气对。其因事纳忠
类此。六年预修中秘书录。子 为国子生。彪质直洞达。善谈议。少从父入秦。其邸舍。元许文正衡遗址也。秦
王以鲁庵题之。秦中称为鲁庵。及归老。以诗画适情。自号希古。所着本草证治辨明十卷。论咳嗽条。伤寒纂例。
各二卷。
〔滕氏（弘）神农本经会通〕十卷 存
六世孙万里序略曰。世系邵阳县公。讳弘别号可斋。不肖孙万里六世祖也。公幼而习仪部公过庭之训。不独
忠孝大旨。摩顶授记。岐嶷聆略。即流览中所称仁爱一眶。足展天地万物同体之念者。匪靡莹精注目。惟是邵阳
锡壤间。父老士绅。及穷檐僻谷。罔弗加额祝天曰。郑之慈母。今之滕公。既政成以畏垒多暇。每计人生斯世。
无百年不尽之身。而有千古不磨之泽。泽一邑泽九有。遇使然也。其惟着书立言者乎。则无若神农氏本经一书。
自胥庭太昊。以迄于兹。
在在而行。人人所需。非直六籍三坟。偏为经生学士家所 也。唐文皇涣集大观。益广世泽。至我圣祖。创为惠
民一局。设为官董其事。欲俾海寓悉解呻吟之苦。而卒业扁跗氏。喙喙争鸣矣。仲景东垣。世鲜俦匹。而朱氏丹
溪多所折衷。彼其游于七十二毒之日者。不啻神授故足术。遂于公余。稍辑其略。及赋归来。止嬴两袖清风。而
是书独不离坐卧。潇然环堵。凡五七易稿。始成文行忠信之册。为四部。析为十卷。年垂白。犹屈首雠校。握毛
锥子日不倦。凡寒暑遍一支干。乃克投笔。盖十岁又二云。
〔亡名氏本草药性赋〕国史经籍志一卷 未见
〔刘氏（全备）注解药性赋〕一卷 存
〔王氏（纶）本草集要〕国史经籍志八卷 存
自序略曰。弘治壬子。备员仪制王事。公暇取本草及东垣丹溪诸书。参互考订。削其繁芜。节其要略。删成
五卷。定为中部。又取本草卷首总论。及采内经东垣诸说。有关于本草者。凡一卷。附于前。以为本草之源。为
上部。又取药性所治。分类为十二门。凡二卷。以为临病用药制方之便。为下部。凡三易稿。历四寒暑而书成。
共八卷。名曰本草集要。盖止取其要。以便初学。及吾儒之欲旁通是术者耳。若专门之士。聪敏之资。固当尽阅
全书。不可厌繁多。而乐简便也。
明史稿吴杰传曰。王纶。字汝言。慈溪人。举进士。迁礼部郎中。历广参政湖广广西布政使。正德中。以副
都御史。巡抚湖广。纶精于医。所在为人治病。无不立效。有本草集要。明医杂着。行于世。
李时珍曰。本草集要。弘治中礼部郎中慈溪王纶取本草常用药品。及洁古东垣丹溪所论序例。略节为八卷。
别无增
益。斤斤泥古者也。
〔袁氏（仁）本草正讹〕未见
按上见于王畿袁参坡小传。
〔亡名氏本草源流〕一卷 未见
按上见于 竹堂书目。
〔蒋氏（仪）药镜〕四卷 存
四库全书提要曰。药镜四卷。明蒋仪撰。仪嘉兴人。正德甲戌进士。其历官未详。是编前后无序跋。惟凡例
谓医镜之镌。骈车海内。今梓药性。仍以镜名。其载药性。分温热平寒为四部。各以俪语。括其主治。后附拾遗
疏原滋生三赋。以补所未备。词句鄙浅。徒便记诵而已。
〔汪氏（机）本草会编〕二十卷 未见
李时珍曰。本草会编。嘉靖中祁门医士汪机所编。机字省之。惩王氏本草集要。不收草木形状。乃削去本草
上中下三品。以类相从。菜谷通为草部。果品通为木部。并诸家序例。共二十卷。其书撮约。似乎简便。而混同
反难检阅。冠之以荠。识陋可知。掩去诸家。更觉零碎。臆度疑似。殊无实见。仅有数条自得可取尔。
〔郑氏（宁）药性要略大全〕十一卷 存
自序曰。昔先君子尝以儒业训予。每见今之登仕路者。天各一方。既缺问于晨昏。曷能全于子职。亲老年
荒。而莫能养者有之。庸医非徒其益。而反致害者。间亦有之。触于目感于心。故深叹缰锁于名利者之莫能脱也。
予正得丁卯赴考。拂意时来未冠。先君年七十有五矣。何能俟志之达而荣养乎。盖尽心于君者。鲜克尽心于亲也。
忠孝难以两全。于是役志于医。而干禄之心。日益淡焉。因取轩岐伊芳李所着内
经汤液等书阅之。且知古今方书所常用者。不过二三百味。更迭调换而已。其间又有所说不同。一味之下。某药
[Zhang Yuansu (Element)] *Zhenzhu Nang* (Pearl Pouch), one volume, not seen.
Li Shizhen said: Jiegu's *Zhenzhu Nang*, the whole book consists of one volume, was written by Zhang Yuansu, a famous physician from Yizhou during the Jin Dynasty. Zhang Yuansu, courtesy name Jiegu, failed the imperial examinations and turned to medicine. He profoundly elucidated the secrets of Huangdi (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo, and comprehended the subtle mysteries of heaven, earth, and humanity. He argued that ancient prescriptions were incompatible with new diseases, thus establishing his own school of thought. He analyzed the flavors and properties of herbs, their yin-yang density, ascending-descending and floating-sinking movements, as well as tonifying and purging methods for the six qi and twelve meridians, along with methods for prescribing according to syndrome differentiation. He established these as secret manuals for main treatments and core principles, calling it *Zhenzhu Nang*. This greatly promoted medical theory, making him the foremost figure since the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) and *Su Wen* (Basic Questions). Later people rhymified it for easier memorization, calling it *Dongyuan Zhenzhu Nang*, which is incorrect. It is a pity that it only discusses a hundred types of herbs and fails to review them comprehensively.
[Jiegu Bencao] *Jiegu Bencao* (Jiegu Materia Medica), two volumes (recorded in *Guoshi Jingjizhi*), not seen.
[Li Gao] *Yong Yao Fa Xiang* (Imitation of Drug Usage), one volume (also known as *Yao Xiang Lun* in Yan Jian's preface to *Shi Xiao Fang*), not seen.
According to the *History of Yuan*: Li Gao, courtesy name Mingzhi, was from Zhenzhou. His family was wealthy and prominent in the locality. Li Gao showed an interest in medicine from childhood. At that time, Zhang Yuansu from Yizhou was renowned for his medical skills in the Yan-Zhao region. Li Gao donated a thousand pieces of gold to study under him. Within a few years, he had fully inherited his master's knowledge. By then, his family was extremely wealthy, and he no longer needed to practice medicine for a living. He maintained his dignity with his surplus wealth, and others dared not address him as a doctor. When officials or scholars fell ill, due to his high-minded and aloof nature, they would not dare to visit him unless it was a critical illness. His expertise was particularly strong in Shanghan (Cold Damage), sores and ulcers, and eye diseases. Wang Shanfu from Beijing, who served as the wine official of Jingzhao, suffered from difficulty urinating, protruding eyeballs, abdominal distension like a drum, hardness above the knees as if about to split, and inability to eat or drink. Medicines with sweet, bland, and draining properties were ineffective. Li Gao told the other doctors, "The disease is deep. As stated in the *Neijing* (Inner Canon): The Bladder is the mansion of body fluids; it must undergo Qi transformation to excrete. Now, using bland-draining agents has worsened the condition, indicating a failure of Qi transformation. Qixuanzi (Wang Bing) said: Without Yang, Yin cannot be generated; without Yin, Yang cannot transform. Sweet, bland, and draining agents are all Yang medicines. With only Yang and no Yin, how can transformation occur?" The next day, he administered a formula composed of Yin-natured drugs, and the patient recovered after taking less than two doses. Xiao Junrui, a clerk at the Xitai office, contracted Shanghan fever in February. A physician administered Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction), causing the patient's face to turn black as ink, obscuring the original symptoms. The pulse was deep and fine, and there was urinary incontinence. Li Gao initially did not know what medication to use. After examining the pulse, he said, "This is the fault of mistakenly using Baihu Tang before the Start of Summer. Baihu Tang is extremely cold and does not circulate through the meridians; it only chills the zang-fu organs. If misused, the primary Shanghan disease will hide within the meridians. If one then uses extremely hot medicines to rescue the situation, it will aggravate the yin pathogen, leading to other complications. This is not the way to correct the error of Baihu Tang. I will use warming medicines that ascend Yang and circulate the meridians." A skeptic asked, "Baihu Tang is extremely cold; how can you save the patient without extremely hot medicines? How do you treat this?" Li Gao replied, "The disease hides in the meridians. If Yang does not ascend, the meridians do not flow. Once the meridians flow, the primary symptoms will reappear. Once the primary symptoms appear, what is difficult about treating them?" Indeed, the patient recovered as predicted. The wife of Wei Bangyan suddenly developed leukoma (cataract/opacity) spreading upwards from below, green in color, with unbearable swelling and pain. Li Gao said, "Leukoma spreading from below indicates the disease originates from the Yangming Meridian. Green is not one of the five proper colors; it likely indicates a pathological combination of the Lung and Kidney. Thus, I will drain the pathogens from the Lung and Kidney and use herbs entering the Yangming Meridian as guiding agents." It was effective initially, but the disease recurred three times later. Each recurrence involved different meridians and kidney colors. He then said, "All meridians connect to the eyes; when the meridians are diseased, the eyes follow. This must be due to meridian disharmony. Until the meridians are harmonized, the eye disease will not cease." Upon inquiry, this proved true. Treating according to this theory, the disease did not recur again. Feng Shuxian's nephew, Yue, aged five or six, suffered from Shanghan with red eyes, restlessness, and thirst. The pulse was rapid, seven to eight beats per breath. A physician intended to use Chengqi Tang (Chengqi Decoction) to purge. The medicine was already boiling when Li Gao returned. Feng explained the situation. Li Gao palpated the pulse and was shocked, saying, "You almost killed this child. The *Neijing* states: Rapid pulses indicate heat, slow pulses indicate cold. A pulse of eight or nine beats per breath indicates extreme heat. However, the *Zhizhen Yao Da Lun* says: There are cases where the pulse seems to conform to the disease but contradicts it. Why? The pulse may seem to conform, but upon pressure, it does not surge. This applies to all Yang conditions. This has transmitted into a Yin syndrome." He ordered ginger and aconite (hot medicines) to be brought, stating he would use the method of "treating heat with cold" (actually meaning treating false heat with true heat, or using hot medicine for cold syndrome). Before the medicine was ready, the patient's fingernails turned dark. He administered eight taels in one dose. Sweating ensued shortly after, and the patient recovered. Guo Juji, a military commander in Shaanxi, suffered from hemiplegia, with toes pointing downward and unable to extend. Li Gao inserted long needles into specific acupoints, penetrating deeply to the bone without the patient feeling pain, drawing out one to two sheng of blood, which was black in color. He also applied Miao-cissation (contralateral needling). This was repeated six or seven times. After three months of herbal medication, the illness largely resolved. Pei Zezhi's wife suffered from alternating chills and fever, with amenorrhea for several years, and had developed wheezing and coughing. Physicians generally administered warming and tonifying drugs like Gecko, Cinnamon Twig, and Aconite. Li Gao said, "Incorrect. This is a case of Yin being constrained by Yang. Excessive warming agents are harmful. Administer cooling blood-invigorating drugs, and the menses will resume." This indeed happened. Li Gao's treatments were mostly like this, and people at the time regarded him as a divine physician. Most of his writings are still circulated today.
Li Shizhen said: *Yong Yao Fa Xiang*, one volume, was written by Li Gao, a famous physician from Zhending during the Yuan Dynasty. Li Gao, courtesy name Mingzhi, pseudonym Dongyuan, was proficient in the *Spring and Autumn Annals* and the *I Ching* (Book of Changes). He was loyal, trustworthy, and principled. Though wealthy, he was generous. He served as the Salt Tax Official of Yuanqing by appointment and studied under Old Man Jiegu, inheriting his complete learning and further elaborating on it. Known as a divine physician, he built upon Zhang Yuansu's *Zhenzhu Nang*, adding general rules for drug usage, guiding herbs for each meridian, outlines, and flexible methods, composing this book.
[Yi Ming] *Yao Pu* (Musical Score of Herbs), one volume, not seen.
Note: Listed in Yesiyuan Book Catalog.
[Yi Ming] *Zhenzhu Nang Yao Xing Fu* (Ode to Drug Properties of Pearl Pouch), one volume, extant.
*Summary of the Siku Quanshu* states: *Zhenzhu Nang Zhihang Buyi Yao Xing Fu* (Supplementary Ode to Drug Properties of Pearl Pouch Palm Guide), four volumes, old attribution to Li Gao of the Jin Dynasty. Research shows *Zhenzhu Nang* was authored by Old Man Jiegu (Zhang Yuansu). The book has long been lost. The *Dongyuan Zhenzhu Nang* circulating in the world is a later forgery, which Li Shizhen detailed in *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica). This edition begins with odes to Cold, Heat, Warmth, and Peace, followed by drug usage rhymes. They are shallow and vulgar, unworthy of attention. It is likely a crude text by mediocre physicians falsely attributed to Li Gao, which is absurd.
[Wang Haogu] *Tangye Bencao* (Materia Medica of Decoctions), two volumes (recorded in *Yicang Muluzhi*), extant.
Self-preface states: Everyone knows the *Suwen* (Basic Questions) as the ancestor of medicine, but fails to realize that the books of Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo actually originate from the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica). Yi Yin of the Yin Dynasty used materia medica to create decoctions. Zhang Zhongjing of the Han Dynasty expanded decoctions into great laws. This is the orthodox learning of physicians. Even wise men of later generations do not transcend this. In compiling this book, I take the main entries of materia medica as examples, assigning them to the Three Yin and Three Yang meridians. I place the herb primarily treating the disease as the head, followed by ministers, assistants, and couriers. I do not follow the classification method of grouping jade, stones, plants, insects, and fish into upper, middle, and lower categories. For example, for the Taiyang Meridian, one should use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) or Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction); Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig must be the chief herbs, with other herbs in the formula attached afterwards. For the Yangming Meridian, one should use Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction); Gypsum must be the chief herb, with others attached. For the Shaoyang Meridian, one should use Sanjin Tang (Three Prohibitions Decoction); Bupleurum must be the chief herb, with others attached. For the Taiyin, Shaoyin, and Jueyin meridians, the hot medicines used follow this pattern. Besides the ancestral formulas of *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), I establish standard regulations. Any usable formula is appended. Sometimes Shanghan formulas are adapted for miscellaneous diseases, or emergency materials are used for common ailments. Decoctions are changed to powders, powders to pills. Variations are endless: adding one or two herbs creates a new name; removing one or two herbs creates a special method. *Yilei Yuanrong* (Original Hero of Medical Fortresses), *Yinzheng Lueli* (Brief Example of Yin Syndromes), *Lun Cuiying* (Collected Essays on Heroes), *Qianshi Buyi* (Supplement to Children's Medicine), and Anle methods are all unified under *Tangye Bencao*. Its source lies in Old Man Jiegu's *Zhenzhu Nang*. The discussions herein offer novelty within the framework of rules and annotate strange terms beyond rational interest. Through personal observation, long-standing errors are completely corrected. Not only are the selection of herbs refined, but diseases are also treated correctly, avoiding premature death and ensuring longevity. Such is *Tangye Bencao*. Written in the sixth month of summer in the Wuxu year by Haicang Wang Haogu.
Li Shizhen said: *Tangye Bencao*, two volumes, was compiled by Wang Haogu, a medical professor from Guzhaoyuan during the Yuan Dynasty. Wang Haogu, courtesy name Jinzhi, pseudonym Haicang, was a senior disciple of Li Dongyuan and a Confucian scholar among physicians. He collected works from *Bencao*, Zhang Zhongjing, Cheng Wuji, Zhang Jiegu, and Li Dongyuan, occasionally adding his own opinions, to compile this book.
*Summary of the Siku Quanshu* states: "*Tangye Bencao*, three volumes, compiled by Wang Haogu of the Yuan Dynasty. 'Tangye' refers to the meaning of *Tangye Jingfang* (Decoction Formulas) in the *Han Shu · Yiwenzhi*. The upper volume records Dongyuan's *Yaolei Faxiang* (Imitation of Drug Categories) and *Yong Yao Xinfa* (Heart Method of Drug Usage), supplemented by Five Suitabilities, Five Injuries, Seven Forms, and Ten Agents. The middle and lower volumes associate various herbs with the Twelve Meridians of Three Yang and Three Yin, placing the chief herb first, followed by ministers, assistants, and couriers. Under each herb, the Qi property is listed first, then the Flavor, then the Meridian entry. 'Xiang' refers to the imitation of drug categories; 'Xin' refers to the heart method of usage; 'Zhen' refers to Jiegu's *Zhenzhu Nang*. Although other schools are cited, Wang Haogu studied under Jiegu and lectured under Dongyuan, so he frequently cites their drug usage. Research shows that materia medica originally had three categories and 365 names. Since Tao Hongjing's *Bielu*, additions have increased, often resulting in named but unused herbs. Even the indications in the *Benjing* may differ in modern times and cannot always be followed. For example, Coptis Rhizome is now only used to clear fire and detoxify, whereas the *Benjing* claims it thickens the intestines and stomach; do any physicians dare to follow this? The herbs listed in Wang Haogu's book come from the trials of famous physicians. Although few in number, the regulations are clear, concise, and essential. It can be called a practical book."
[Li Hao] *Zhu Yao Lun* (Discussions on Various Herbs), lost.
Note: Listed in Tengxian Gazetteer.
[Wang Dongye] *Bencao* (Materia Medica), lost.
*Ji'an Prefecture Gazetteer* states: Wang Dongye was from Yongxin. He was skilled in pulse diagnosis and prescription, having authored *Bencao Jing*. He was well-known at the time and served as an Imperial Physician in the Imperial Medical Bureau. Yu Ji, Jie Xisi, Cheng Xuelou, Liu Shenzhai, and Zhao Zi'ang all associated with him, especially Li Weigong. He retired due to old age.
[Zhan Ruifang] *Bencao Leyao* (Essentials of Materia Medica), ten volumes (recorded in *Guozhi Jingjizhi*), not seen.
[Shang Congshan] *Bencao Yuanmingbao* (Crystallized Essence of Materia Medica Origins), seven volumes (recorded in *Guoshi Jingjizhi*; *Dushu Minqiu Ji* lists nine volumes), not seen.
Qian Zeng said: *Bencao Yuanmingbao*, nine volumes. During the Yuan Dynasty, medicine was highly esteemed, and medical officials were appointed. Examination questions used the *Neijing* as the classic and Zhang Zhongjing's methods as treatment guidelines. Finding the *Bencao* too verbose, Shang Congshan compiled this book to simplify it based on *Shenwei Bencao*. It covers 468 species, presumably for the convenience of contemporary collectors. The preface was written in the third year of Zhizheng by Ban Weizhi, Prefect of Changshu State, Pinglu Road. It is unknown if he is listed in local gazetteers; noted here for reference.
[Zhu Zhenheng] *Danxi Bencao* (Danxi Materia Medica), one volume, not seen.
Note: Listed in Zhutang Book Catalog.
[Hua Shou] *Bencao Fahui* (Elucidation of Materia Medica), one volume, not seen.
Note: Listed in Zhejiang Tongzhi, Department of Classics.
*Bencao Yunhui* (Rhyme Gathering of Materia Medica), not seen.
Note: Listed in Gubin Yitong.
[Xu Yanchun] *Bencao Fahui* (Elucidation of Materia Medica), four volumes (recorded in *Guoshi Jingjizhi*), extant.
Li Shizhen said: *Bencao Fahui*, three volumes, was compiled by Xu Yanchun, courtesy name Yongcheng, a disciple of Danxi from Shanyin during the Hongwu era. He combined the theories of Zhang Jiegu, Li Dongyuan, Wang Haicang, Zhu Danxi, and Cheng Wuji into one book, without additional contributions.
[Ye Ziqi] *Bencao Jiyao* (Essentials of Materia Medica), ten volumes, not seen.
Note: Listed in Zhejiang Tongzhi.
Qian Qianyi said: Ye Ziqi, courtesy name Shijie, was from Longquan. When the King's army entered Chuzhou, Ziqi submitted a memorial to Sun Yan, the Commander-in-Chief, arguing that the Longfeng regime continued the Song dynasty's orthodoxy and changed the era name. He was recommended as Magistrate of Baling. He wrote *Taixuan Benzhi*, exploring the derivation of Huangji. Scholars praised him. In the spring of the eleventh year of Hongwu, authorities sacrificed to the City God according to law. Clerks secretly drank pig brain wine. A county student exposed the incident. Shijie arrived just in time and was implicated and imprisoned. He ground ink on tiles and wrote whenever he could. After the case was cleared, he returned home and continued writing, titling it *Caomu Zi* (Grass and Tree Child). (Recorded in *Liechao Shiji*).
[Xu Biao] *Bencao Zhengzhi Bianming* (Clarification of Materia Medica Diagnosis and Treatment), ten volumes (recorded in *Mingshi*), not seen.
*Songjiang Prefecture Gazetteer* states: Xu Biao, courtesy name Wenwei, was the son of Xu Shu, Director of the Imperial Medical Bureau. In the tenth year of Zhengtong, he was recommended for his medical skills and entered the Imperial Medical Bureau. At that time, the Prince of Dai had been ill for a long time, and Yang Hong, Marquis of Changping, was critically ill on the border. Xu was ordered to examine them and cured both within ten days. He was retained in the Imperial Medicine Bureau. In the thirteenth year, he was promoted to Imperial Physician. In the second year of Jingtai, he was transferred to Vice Director, often attending the palace. He frequently advised using medical principles. When the Jingtai Emperor asked about the speed of drug action, Xu replied, "Drug action is like human nature. Goodness takes a thousand days to suffice; evil is excessive in one day." Asked about health preservation, he answered with preserving primordial Qi. Such loyalty through medical advice was common. In the sixth year, he participated in compiling the *Zhongmishulu*. His son Xu Guo was a student at the Imperial Academy. Xu Biao was straightforward and articulate. He accompanied his father to the Qin王府邸 (Prince of Qin's residence) in his youth, which was the former site of Xu Wenzheng Heng. The Prince of Qin named it Lu'an, known in Qinzhong as Lu'an. Upon retirement, he enjoyed poetry and painting, styling himself Xigu. He authored *Bencao Zhengzhi Bianming* (ten volumes), *Lun Kesou* (Discussion on Cough, two volumes), and *Shanghan Zuanli* (Compilation of Cold Damage Examples, two volumes).
[Teng Hong] *Shennong Benjing Huitong* (Integration of Divine Farmer's Classic), ten volumes, extant.
Preface by sixth-generation grandson Wanli states: Our lineage descends from the Duke of Shaoyang County, named Hong, pseudonym Kezhai. I, Wanli, am his sixth-generation descendant. The Master learned etiquette from his father's teachings, mastering the essentials of loyalty and filial piety. He was intelligent and listened attentively. His benevolence extended to all things, reflecting the unity of heaven, earth, and humanity. In Shaoyang, elders and gentry, even in remote valleys, blessed him saying, "The benevolent mother of Zheng, the present-day Lord Teng." Having completed his administrative duties, he had leisure. He often reflected that while life is finite, virtue is eternal. To benefit one city or the whole realm requires such virtue. Only through writing can one achieve this. Nothing surpasses the *Shennong Benjing*. From Xuyu and Taohao to the present, it is ubiquitous and essential, not just for scholars but for everyone. Emperor Taizong of Tang expanded its collection. Our Holy Founder established the Huimin Bureau to administer it, aiming to relieve suffering throughout the realm, promoting the arts of Bian Que and Fu Shi. Zhang Zhongjing and Li Dongyuan were unparalleled, while Zhu Danxi synthesized much. Traveling through dangers, their skills seemed divinely inspired. In his spare time, he compiled brief notes. Returning home with empty sleeves, he kept this book by his side. After five or seven drafts, he completed the volume on literature, conduct, loyalty, and trust, divided into four parts and ten volumes. Near white hair, he still proofread diligently, holding his brush daily without fatigue. After many years, he finally put down his pen. It took twelve years.
[Yi Ming] *Bencao Yaoxing Fu* (Ode to Drug Properties of Materia Medica), one volume (recorded in *Guoshi Jingjizhi*), not seen.
[Liu Quanbei] *Zhujie Yaoxing Fu* (Annotated Ode to Drug Properties), one volume, extant.
[Wang Lun] *Bencao Jiyao* (Essentials of Materia Medica), eight volumes (recorded in *Guoshi Jingjizhi*), extant.
Self-preface states: In the Renzi year of Hongzhi, while serving in the Ministry of Rites, I used my spare time to cross-reference the *Bencao* with works by Dongyuan and Danxi. I edited out verbosity and extracted essentials, reducing it to five volumes, designated as the Middle Section. I took the general discussion from the beginning of the *Bencao* and citations from the *Neijing* and Dongyuan related to materia medica, totaling one volume, placed at the front as the Upper Section, representing the source of materia medica. I classified drug indications into twelve categories, totaling two volumes, for the convenience of clinical prescription, designated as the Lower Section. After three drafts and four seasons, the book was completed, totaling eight volumes, named *Bencao Jiyao*. It aims to provide essentials for beginners and Confucians wishing to understand this art. Specialists and the gifted should read the complete work and not prefer simplicity over comprehensiveness.
*Draft History of Ming · Biography of Wu Jie* states: Wang Lun, courtesy name Ruyan, was from Cixi. He passed the imperial examination, rose to Vice Minister of Rites, and served as Provincial Administrator of Huguang and Guangxi. In the Zhengde era, he patrolled Huguang as Vice Censor-in-Chief. Wang Lun was skilled in medicine, curing patients wherever he went with immediate effect. He authored *Bencao Jiyao* and *Mingyi Zazhuo*, which are circulated today.
Li Shizhen said: *Bencao Jiyao*, compiled by Wang Lun, Vice Minister of Rites from Cixi during the Hongzhi era, selected commonly used herbs from the *Bencao* and condensed the prefaces and examples discussed by Jiegu, Dongyuan, and Danxi into eight volumes. There were no additional contributions; it merely adhered strictly to ancient texts.
[Yuan Ren] *Bencao Zheng'e* (Correction of Errors in Materia Medica), not seen.
Note: Listed in Wang Ji's *Biography of Yuan Canpo*.
[Yi Ming] *Bencao Yuanliu* (Origins and Lineage of Materia Medica), one volume, not seen.
Note: Listed in Zhutang Book Catalog.
[Jiang Yi] *Yaojing* (Medicine Mirror), four volumes, extant.
*Summary of the Siku Quanshu* states: *Yaojing*, four volumes, written by Jiang Yi of the Ming Dynasty. Jiang Yi was from Jiaxing, a Jinshi graduate in the Jiashen year of Zhengde. His official career details are unknown. The book lacks prefaces or colophons. Only the general rules state that since the *Yijing* (Medical Mirror) was widely distributed, this printing of drug properties retains the name "Mirror." Drug properties are divided into Warm, Hot, Neutral, and Cold, summarized in parallel prose. Followed by supplementary odes on Retrieval, Origin, and Generation to fill gaps. The language is shallow, serving only for memorization.
[Wang Ji] *Bencao Huibian* (Compilation of Materia Medica), twenty volumes, not seen.
Li Shizhen said: *Bencao Huibian* was compiled by Wang Ji, a medical practitioner from Qimen during the Jiajing era. Wang Ji, courtesy name Shengzhi, criticized Wang Lun's *Bencao Jiyao* for omitting the shapes of plants and trees. He removed the Upper, Middle, and Lower categories, grouping items by type: vegetables and grains into the Grass Category, fruits into the Wood Category. Including prefaces and examples from various schools, it totaled twenty volumes. The compilation appears concise and simple, but the mixing makes it hard to consult. Starting with Shepherd's Purse reveals shallow insight. Obscuring various schools makes it fragmented. Speculation on doubtful matters lacks substantial view. Only a few points are worth noting.
[Zheng Ning] *Yaoxing Yaolue Daquan* (Complete Essentials of Drug Properties), eleven volumes, extant.
Self-preface states: My late father instructed me in Confucian studies. I often saw officials scattered across the land, unable to care for parents morning and evening, failing in filial duty. Some could not support aging parents. Mediocre doctors caused harm instead of benefit. Touching my eyes and moving my heart, I deeply lamented those bound by fame and profit. I was preparing for the Dingmao examination. Feeling frustrated, I realized my father was seventy-five. How could I wait for success to honor him? Those devoted to the ruler rarely devote themselves to parents. Loyalty and filial piety are hard to balance. Thus, I dedicated myself to medicine, letting go of ambition. I studied the *Neijing* and *Tangye* by Xuanyuan, Qibo, Yi Yin, and Laozi. I knew commonly used herbs in ancient and modern formulas numbered only two or three hundred, merely rotated. Differences existed in descriptions. For one herb...