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Thirst is caused by heat and resides in the interior.
Mild thirst indicates slight heat, for which Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Poria Decoction) is appropriate; severe thirst indicates deep-seated heat, for which Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction with Ginseng) is appropriate.
Dry tongue and scorched throat indicate the depletion of Kidney fluids; urgent purgation should be employed. The Kidney Meridian connects to the root of the tongue; when heat enters, it scorches the Kidney Water, preventing it from moistening the throat and pharynx. Failure to purge urgently will result in a blackened tongue and death.

"Zhen" refers to trembling, resembling shivering from cold; all such tremors belong to deficiency-cold syndromes. When sweating is about to occur, the patient must be deficient, inevitably experiencing internal steaming accompanied by trembling, followed by fever, sweating, and resolution of the disease. This is milder than "Zhan" (shivering).
After purgation followed by diaphoresis, chills and trembling necessarily occur, indicating that both the exterior and interior are deficient.
In patients who have lost blood, inducing sweating leads to cold shivering and trembling, indicating that both Blood and Qi are deficient.
Excessive sweating leading to Yang exhaustion causes the meridians to become deficient and unable to maintain control, resulting in bodily trembling and swaying; Linggui Zhugan Baizhu Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) is appropriate.
If there is violent trembling where the patient desires to fall to the ground, Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is the primary treatment. Both conditions involve warming the meridians, benefiting Yang, nourishing Blood, and assisting Qi.

"Zhan" refers to bodily shaking, which is external. "Li" refers to mental fear and trembling, which is internal. Mild cases present as "Zhen," severe cases as "Zhan," and even more severe cases as "Li." The patient is originally deficient, with pathogenic factors contending with righteous Qi. When pathogens contend with exterior righteous Qi, it manifests as "Zhan"; when they contend with interior righteous Qi, it manifests as "Li."

Sini (Four Reversals) refers to cold extremities.
If hands and feet go from hot to warm, and then from warm to cold, this indicates pathogenic transmission through the meridians. Treatment should employ the cooling Sini San (Four Reversal Powder), composed of Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
If hands and feet are cold and not warm from the onset, this indicates insufficient Yang and pathogen invasion of the Yang meridians; Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) should be used to warm, containing Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata).
Jue (Reversal) refers to coldness more severe than Sini. Jue involves the failure of Yin and Yang Qi to connect smoothly.
Heat preceding Jue indicates heat lurking and reversing within, with Yang Qi sinking inward.
Yang Jue: Body heat and constipation; purgation is appropriate.
Jue preceding heat indicates the retreat of Yin and the recovery of Yang.
Yin Jue: Cold reversal with deep, fine pulse; warming is appropriate.
If Jue occurs immediately upon onset, it indicates insufficient Yang and prevailing Yin, primarily constituting a cold syndrome.
More Jue and less heat indicate recovery; less Jue and more heat indicate an adverse progression. Regarding diarrhea, if Jue precedes heat, the diarrhea will stop spontaneously due to Yang recovery; if Jue reappears with diarrhea, Yin has regained dominance. If pathogens are knotted in the chest, preventing Yang Qi distribution and causing cold extremities, emesis is indicated due to excess Yin. Accompanied by aversion to cold and curling up, this represents extreme Yin.