多主于痰，痛甚者火多。有可吐者，有不可吐者，有可下者。痰热当清痰降火；风寒外邪者，当解散。血虚
头痛，自鱼尾上攻头目者，必用芎归汤；气虚头痛、痰厥头痛，或眩运、脉弱、少食，挟内伤病者，半夏白术天麻汤。
头旋眼黑头疼，阴虚挟火，安神汤。头痛如破，酒炒大黄半两为末，茶调。头疼连眼，此风热上攻，须白芷开之。
一方∶用雨前茶、芎、归、防、芷、台乌、细辛。壮实人，热痛甚，大便结燥，大承气汤。葱白治头痛如破，通
上下阳气。痛引脑巅，陷至泥丸宫者，是真头痛也，无治法。清空膏治诸般头痛，惟血虚头痛不治（方见《医要》）。
小清空膏治少阳头痛，并偏头痛，或痛在太阳经者，片黄芩酒浸透，晒干为末，或酒或茶清下。一人头疼，有风痰、热
痰，酒芩、连翘、南星、川芎、荆芥、防风、甘草。夫用芎带芩者，芎一升而芩便降，头痛非芎不开，荆芥清凉之剂，
头痛用川芎，脑痛用台芎。 一人形实而瘦，有痰头疼，黄芩、黄连、山栀、贝母、栝蒌、南星、香附。一人筋稍露，
体稍长，本虚又作劳，头疼甚，脉弦而数，以人参为君，川芎、陈皮、为佐治之，六日未减，更两日当自安，忽自言病
退，脉之，似稍充，又半日膈满其腹；文已隐询之，乃弟自于前方加黄 已三帖矣，遂以二陈汤加浓朴、枳壳、黄连泻
其卫，三帖而安。
Headache is primarily caused by phlegm, and severe pain often involves fire. Some cases are suitable for emesis therapy, while others are not; some are suitable for purgation therapy. For phlegm-heat, one should clear phlegm and descend fire; for exterior pathogens of wind-cold, one should disperse and release the exterior. For headache due to blood deficiency, where pain attacks from the outer canthus (fish tail) upwards to the head and eyes, Xiong Gui Tang (Szechuan Lovage and Angelica Decoction) must be used. For headache due to qi deficiency, phlegm-jue headache, or those accompanied by vertigo, weak pulse, and poor appetite, especially when complicated by internal injury diseases, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang (Pinellia, Atractylodes Macrocephala, and Gastrodia Decoction) is indicated. For dizziness with blacking out of vision and headache due to yin deficiency with fire, An Shen Tang (Spirit-Calming Decoction) is used. For headache feeling as if the head will burst, half liang of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati (Dahuang, 大黄) fried in wine, ground into powder, and taken with tea infusion, is prescribed. For headache radiating to the eyes, caused by wind-heat attacking upwards, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, 白芷) is required to open the orifices. One formula uses Pre-Qingming Tea, Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui, 当归), Spatholobus Suberectus (Fangfeng, 防风 - *Note: Standard term for Fangfeng is Saposhnikovia Root, but text says Fang, likely referring to Fangfeng*), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, 白芷), Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi (Taiwu, 台乌), and Radix Asari (Xixin, 细辛). For robust individuals with severe heat-pain and dry, constipated stool, Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is used. Scallion white treats severe headache as if bursting, by unblocking yang qi throughout the upper and lower body. Pain radiating to the vertex and sinking into the Niwan Palace indicates True Headache (Zhen Toutong, 真头痛), which has no treatment method. Qing Kong Gao (Clear the Empty Ointment/Powder) treats various types of headache, except for headache due to blood deficiency (formula seen in *Yi Yao*). Xiao Qing Kong Gao (Minor Clear the Empty Ointment/Powder) treats Shaoyang headache, hemianopia headache, or pain in the Taiyang meridian. It consists of sliced Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 黄芩) soaked thoroughly in wine, dried and powdered, taken with wine or clear tea infusion. A case of headache with wind-phlegm and heat-phlegm was treated with wine-processed Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 黄芩), Fructus Forsythiae (Lianqiao, 连翘), Rhizoma Arisaematis (Nanxing, 南星), Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Herba Schizonepetae (Jingjie, 荆芥), Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng, 防风), and Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草). The rationale for using Chuanxiong with Huang Qin is that Chuanxiong ascends while Huang Qin descends; headache cannot be opened without Chuanxiong, and Jingjie is a cooling agent. Generally, Chuanxiong is used for headache, while Tai Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong from Tiantai) is used for brain pain. A case of a person who was physically solid yet thin, with headache due to phlegm, was treated with Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 黄芩), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 黄连), Fructus Gardeniae (Shanzhi, 山栀), Fructus Amomi Rotundus (Beimu, 贝母 - *Note: Text says Beimu, usually Fritillaria, but context might imply other phlegm-resolving herbs, keeping standard translation*), Fructus Trichosanthis (Gualou, 栝蒌), Rhizoma Arisaematis (Nanxing, 南星), and Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi (Xiangfu, 香附). Another patient had visible tendons, a slightly elongated body, underlying deficiency exacerbated by overwork, severe headache, and a wiry and rapid pulse. Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, 人参) was used as the sovereign herb, with Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong, 川芎) and Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 陈皮) as ministers. After six days with no improvement, it was predicted that relief would come in two more days. The patient suddenly stated the disease was receding, and the pulse seemed slightly fuller. Half a day later, he experienced chest fullness and abdominal distension. Upon private inquiry, it was discovered that his brother had added Huang Qi (Astragali Radix, 黄芪) to the previous prescription for three doses. Consequently, Er Chen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) was modified with Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 厚朴), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 枳壳), and Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 黄连) to drain the defensive level, resulting in recovery after three doses.