禀五行之气而为万物之最灵者，人也。人禀五行之气而生，曰阴与阳，谁独无是哉？心
为手少阴，肾为足少阴，肺为手太阴，脾为足太阴，肝为足厥阴，心包络为手厥阴，此手三
阴。足三阴之经也。小肠曰手太阳，膀胱曰足太阳，大肠曰手阳明，胃曰足阳明，胆曰足少
阳，三焦曰手少阳，此手三阳、足三阳之经也。阴六、阳六合而为人身之十二经。是经者，
所以周环一身，自上至下，往来流通，而无间断也。其脉则于两手三部应焉。故自其身者言
之，腑为阳，脏为阴；外为阳，内为阴；上为阳，下为阴；头戴阳，足履阴；背负阳，腹抱
阴；气属阳，而阳为卫；血属阴，而阴为营。阳根于阴，阴根于阳，阴阳互根，营卫不息。
阳动所以为阴之役使，阴静所以为阳之镇守。呼出心与肺，吸入肝与肾。呼者因阳出，吸者
随阴入。呼吸之间，脾受谷味。是则一身之阴阳也，自其脉者推之，关前为阳，阳得九分，
关后为阴，阴得一寸，所以有主治之分。浮之实大，沉之损小，曰阳盛阴虚；沉之实大，浮
之损小，曰阴盛阳虚，所以有表里之别。脉居阳部而阴脉形，脉居阴部而阳脉见，阳虚则阴
出而乘之，阴虚则阳入而乘之，及所以见寒暑则变之机，至若阳生于尺，动于寸，阴生于寸，
动于尺。牢、长、促、数之为阳；虚、短、结、代、动、细之为阴。浮、芤、滑、实
、弦、紧、洪之为表；微、沉、缓、涩、迟、伏、濡、弱之为里。阴病见阳脉者生，阳病见
阴脉者死。是则六脉之阴阳也，自其病者求之，寸口浮疾，阳中之阳，病主身热头痛，烦满
内热。寸口沉细，阳中之阴，病主少气汗出，悲伤不乐。尺脉浮滑，阴中之阳，病主小腹痛
满，大小便难。尺脉沉细，阴中之阴，病主两股酸疼，阴痒遗沥。阴出于阳，其病怒；阳入
于阴，其病静。腑病欲得寒，掀衣气粗，又欲见人者为阳。脏病欲得温，恶闻人声，闭户独
处者为阴。腑病属阳，阳主动，故其痛多走注而不止。脏病属阴，阴主静，故其痛有常处而
不移。阳病旦静，阴病夜宁。阳虚暮乱，阴虚夜争。阴胜则寒，阳胜则热。阴动则发热，阳
动则有汗。贼风客邪阳受之，饮食居室阴受之。阳受风气，伤风者先于上；阴受湿气，伤湿
者先于下。其或邪居阳脉之间，则四肢热盛而为狂；邪入阴脉之内，则六经凝涩而为痹。无
阳即厥，无阴即呕。阳微不能呼，阴微不能吸。阳病不能俯，阴病不能仰。重阳者狂，重阴
者癫。脱阳者见鬼，脱阴者目盲。是则诸病之阴阳也，噫！是固然矣。抑古人所谓阴阳维跷，
溢关格者又何如哉？曰∶脉有阳维、阴维、阳跷、阴跷、冲、督、任、带，凡此奇经八脉别
道而行，如设沟渠以备水潦之溢。病非自生，盖诸经溢出而流入之也。维者，总持诸脉之纲
维。（阴阳不相维则怅然失志。）跷者，健足行走之关要。督，言其都，阳脉之会也。任，取
其妊生养之原也。冲者，阴脉之通，自足至头通受诸经之气血。带者，回绕于身，总束诸脉
，取束带之义焉。故阳维之病苦寒热，阴维之病苦心痛；阳跷之病阳急而狂奔，阴跷之病阴
急而足直。冲病则气逆而里急，督病则脊强而折厥，任病则男疝气而女带瘕，带病则腹胀满
而腰溶溶。其冲任二经是又妇人乳血月候之所以出。奇经之脉其如是乎？关前为阳，脉当九
分而浮，若连并而上至鱼际者为溢，溢则外关内格，是为阴乘。关后为阴，脉当一寸而沉，
若连并而下入尺泽者为覆，覆则内关外格，是为阳乘。寸脉皆虚为阳亏，尺脉皆虚为阴亏。
寸脉下不至关为阳绝，尺脉上不至关为阴绝。亏犹庶几绝，与关格其危脉也。覆、溢、亏、
绝，其如是乎？虽然，人事不可不知也。暴喜伤阳，暴怒伤阴，犹愁不意，气多厥逆，七情
所发，病家谨焉。甘辛之剂以之助阳，酸苦之剂以之助阴，有志活人者又当识此。
Endowed with the Qi of the Five Phases and becoming the most spiritual among all things, is humanity. Humans are born endowed with the Qi of the Five Phases; who does not possess Yin and Yang? The Heart belongs to the Hand Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) channel, the Kidney to the Foot Shaoyin channel, the Lung to the Hand Taiyin (Greater Yin) channel, the Spleen to the Foot Taiyin channel, the Liver to the Foot Jueyin (Terminal Yin) channel, and the Pericardium to the Hand Jueyin channel; these are referred to as the Three Hand Yin channels. The Small Intestine is called the Hand Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel, the Bladder the Foot Taiyang channel, the Large Intestine the Hand Yangming (Bright Yang) channel, the Stomach the Foot Yangming channel, the Gallbladder the Foot Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel, and the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) the Hand Shaoyang channel; these are the Three Hand Yang and Three Foot Yang channels. There are six Yin channels and six Yang channels, combining to form the twelve regular channels of the human body. These channels circulate throughout the entire body, from top to bottom, flowing back and forth without interruption. Their pulse manifestations are reflected in the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) of both wrists. Therefore, regarding the body itself: Fu organs are Yang, Zang organs are Yin; exterior is Yang, interior is Yin; upper part is Yang, lower part is Yin; the head wears Yang, the feet tread Yin; the back bears Yang, the abdomen embraces Yin; Qi belongs to Yang, and Yang serves as Wei Qi (Defensive Qi); Blood belongs to Ying (Nutritive) Yin, and Yin serves as Ying Qi. Yang is rooted in Yin, and Yin is rooted in Yang; Yin and Yang mutually root each other, and Ying and Wei Qi flow incessantly. Yang moves, thus acting as the servant of Yin; Yin is still, thus acting as the guardian of Yang. Exhalation is governed by the Heart and Lung; inhalation is governed by the Liver and Kidney. Exhalation occurs due to the outward movement of Yang; inhalation follows the inward movement of Yin. Between breaths, the Spleen receives the essence and flavor of food and drink. This constitutes the Yin and Yang of the whole body. Inferring from the pulse: the area before the Guan position is Yang, where the Yang pulse extends nine fen; the area after the Guan position is Yin, where the Yin pulse extends one cun; hence, there is a distinction in governing areas. A pulse that feels solid and large on superficial palpation (Fu) but deficient and small on deep palpation (Chen) indicates Excess of Yang and Deficiency of Yin; conversely, a pulse that feels solid and large on deep palpation but deficient and small on superficial palpation indicates Excess of Yin and Deficiency of Yang, thereby distinguishing between Exterior and Interior patterns. If a pulse located in the Yang position exhibits the shape of a Yin pulse, or if a pulse in the Yin position exhibits the shape of a Yang pulse, it signifies that when Yang is deficient, Yin invades from outside, and when Yin is deficient, Yang invades from inside. This also explains the mechanism of change upon exposure to cold or heat. Furthermore, Yang originates at the Chi position and manifests at the Cun position, while Yin originates at the Cun position and manifests at the Chi position. Lao (Firm), Chang (Long), Cu (Rapid-intermittent), and Shu (Rapid) pulses belong to Yang; Xu (Deficient), Duan (Short), Jie (Knotted), Dai (Intermittent), Dong (Moving), and Xi (Fine) pulses belong to Yin. Fu (Floating), Kou (Hollow), Hua (Slippery), Shi (Solid), Xian (Wiry), Jin (Tight), and Hong (Surging) pulses indicate Exterior patterns; Wei (Minute), Chen (Deep), Huan (Slow), Se (Choppy), Chi (Delayed), Fu (Hidden), Ru (Soggy), and Ruo (Weak) pulses indicate Interior patterns. Yin diseases presenting with Yang pulses suggest survival; Yang diseases presenting with Yin pulses suggest death. This describes the Yin and Yang of the six pulses. Inferring from symptoms: A Cun position pulse that is Floating and Rapid indicates Yang within Yang; the disease primarily presents with fever, headache, irritability, fullness, and internal heat. A Cun position pulse that is Deep and Fine indicates Yin within Yang; the disease primarily presents with shortness of breath, sweating, sadness, and unhappiness. A Chi position pulse that is Floating and Slippery indicates Yang within Yin; the disease primarily presents with lower abdominal pain and fullness, and difficulty in urination and defecation. A Chi position pulse that is Deep and Fine indicates Yin within Yin; the disease primarily presents with soreness and pain in the thighs, genital itching, and dribbling urine. When Yin emerges from Yang, the disease manifests as anger; when Yang enters into Yin, the disease manifests as quietness. Fu organ diseases desire cold, involve pulling off clothes, coarse breathing, and a desire to see people, characterizing them as Yang. Zang organ diseases desire warmth, involve aversion to hearing voices, closing doors, and staying alone, characterizing them as Yin. Fu organ diseases belong to Yang, and since Yang is active, their pain is often migratory and unceasing. Zang organ diseases belong to Yin, and since Yin is static, their pain has a fixed location and does not move. Yang diseases are calm in the morning; Yin diseases are comfortable at night. Yang deficiency leads to confusion in the evening; Yin deficiency leads to conflict/agitation at night. Yin excess results in cold; Yang excess results in heat. Yin agitation causes fever; Yang agitation causes sweating. Pathogenic wind and external pathogens are received by Yang; dietary and environmental pathogens are received by Yin. Yang receives Wind Qi; Wind injury first affects the upper part. Yin receives Dampness Qi; Dampness injury first affects the lower part. If pathogenic factors reside between Yang channels, excessive heat in the four limbs leads to mania. If pathogenic factors enter Yin channels, stagnation and涩 (roughness) in the Six Channels lead to Bi syndrome (obstruction). Absence of Yang leads to Jue (cold extremities); absence of Yin leads to vomiting. Extreme Yang deficiency prevents exhalation; extreme Yin deficiency prevents inhalation. Yang diseases prevent bending forward; Yin diseases prevent lying supine. Double Yang leads to mania; Double Yin leads to melancholia/dementia. Loss of Yang leads to hallucinations of ghosts; loss of Yin leads to blindness. This describes the Yin and Yang of various diseases. Alas! These are indeed so. However, what of the ancient references to Yin and Yang Wei (Linking) and Qiao (Heel) vessels, as well as Yi (Overflow) and Ge (Gridlock) pulses? It is said: There are pulses such as Yang Wei, Yin Wei, Yang Qiao, Yin Qiao, Chong (Penetrating), Du (Governor), Ren (Conception), and Dai (Girdle) vessels. These eight Extraordinary Vessels follow separate pathways, like ditches set up to prepare for overflowing floodwaters. Diseases do not arise spontaneously; rather, they overflow from the regular channels and flow into these vessels. 'Wei' means holding together the framework of all vessels. (When Yin and Yang do not support each other, one feels lost and dispirited.) 'Qiao' refers to the key point for vigorous walking. 'Du' implies capital or assembly, being the meeting place of all Yang vessels. 'Ren' takes its meaning from pregnancy and nurturing life. 'Chong' is the thoroughfare of Yin vessels, connecting from foot to head and receiving Qi and Blood from all channels. 'Dai' winds around the body, binding all vessels, taking the meaning of a sash. Therefore, diseases of the Yang Wei vessel suffer from alternating chills and fever; diseases of the Yin Wei vessel suffer from heart pain. Diseases of the Yang Qiao vessel feature Yang tension and wild running; diseases of the Yin Qiao vessel feature Yin tension and straight legs. Chong vessel disease involves rebellious Qi and interior urgency; Du vessel disease involves stiff spine and collapse/fainting. Ren vessel disease involves hernia in men and leukorrhea/masses in women; Dai vessel disease involves abdominal distension and weakness in the waist. The Chong and Ren vessels are the source of milk, blood, and menstruation in women. Is this how the Extraordinary Vessels function? Before the Guan position is Yang; the pulse should be nine fen long and floating. If it connects and rises to the Yuji area, it is called an Overflow (Yi) pulse. Overflow indicates External Gridlock and Internal Blockade, representing Yin invading Yang. After the Guan position is Yin; the pulse should be one cun long and deep. If it connects and descends into the尺泽 (Chize) area, it is called a Cover (Fu) pulse. Cover indicates Internal Gridlock and External Blockade, representing Yang invading Yin. Empty pulses at both Cun positions indicate Yang deficiency; empty pulses at both Chi positions indicate Yin deficiency. A Cun pulse that does not reach down to the Guan indicates Yang extinction; a Chi pulse that does not reach up to the Guan indicates Yin extinction. 'Deficiency' still holds some hope, whereas 'Extinction' is a critical pulse similar to Gridlock/Blockade. Are these the characteristics of Cover, Overflow, Deficiency, and Extinction? Although so, human affairs must not be ignored. Sudden joy injures Yang; sudden anger injures Yin. Worry and unexpected events cause Qi to rebel and reverse. Diseases arising from the Seven Emotions require patients to exercise caution. Sweet and Acrid agents assist Yang; Sour and Bitter agents assist Yin. Those dedicated to saving lives must understand this.