交霜降至春分，冬月发者，为正伤寒。表证见者，用辛热之药大发汗。里证见者，用寒凉之药
急攻下。此与非时伤寒不同治。方论开的本槌法中，不再录。
交春分至夏至前，有头疼发热，不恶寒而渴者，为温病，用辛凉之药微解肌，不可大发汗。里
证见者，用寒凉之药急攻下。若误下之，未必为害，误汗之，变不可言，当须识此。三月后得此证
者，为晚发，治法同表证，不与冬时正伤寒同治法，里证治相同。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
交夏至后，有头疼发热，不恶寒而渴，此名温病，愈加热者，名热病，只用辛凉之药微解肌，不
宜大发汗。里证见者，只用大寒之药急攻下。表证不与正伤寒同治法，里证治相同。方论开在的本
槌法中，不再录。
交秋至霜降前，有头疼发热，不恶寒，身体痛，小便短者，名温病，亦用辛凉之药加燥剂以解
肌，亦不宜大发汗。里证见者，用寒凉药急攻下。表证不与正伤寒同治法，里证治相同。方论开在
的本槌法中，不再录。
其春、夏、秋三时，有患头疼身热，亦有恶寒者，即是感冒非时暴寒之轻，非比冬时正伤寒之
重，俱用辛凉之剂小发汗。若里证见者，用寒凉之药急攻下。表证不与正伤寒同治法，里证治相同。
方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
其四时，有患头疼，发热恶寒，身体倦痛，骨腿酸疼，自汗出，口微渴，脉空浮大而无力，名
劳力感寒证，当用温凉之剂温经散寒，切禁大发汗。里证见者，中和之剂加转药微下之，不可急攻
利。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
其四时，有患头疼，身热恶寒，老幼相传者，名时疫证，用辛凉之药微解表。里证见者，急攻
下。从病制宜，不与正伤寒同治法。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
若先起头疼，发热恶寒，已后传里，头疼恶寒皆除，而反怕热，发渴谵语，或潮热自汗，大便
不通，或揭去衣被，扬手掷足，或发斑黄，狂乱，此为阳经自表传
入阴经之热证，俱当攻里，下之。设或当下失下，而变出手足乍冷乍温者，因阳极发厥，即阳证似
阴，名阳厥，急当下之。又有失于汗下，或本阳证，误投热药，使热毒入深，阳气独盛，阴气暴绝，
登高而歌，弃衣而走，骂詈叫喊，燥渴欲死，面赤眼红，身发斑黄，或下利赤黄，六脉大，名阳毒
发斑证，用酸苦之药，令阴气复而大汗解矣。如大便实者，又当大寒之药下之。此与发狂不同治。
方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
若初病起无头疼，无身热，就便怕寒厥冷，腹痛呕吐，泻利不渴，蜷卧沉重，战栗，脉沉细，
此为直中阴经真寒证，不从阳经传来，当用热药温之。如寒极而手足厥冷，过乎肘膝者，因寒极发
厥，名阴厥，急当救里，温之。此与阳厥不同治。又有初病起，外感寒邪，内伤生冷，内既伏阴，
内外皆寒，或本真阴，误投凉药，使阴气独盛，阳气暴绝，以致病起手足厥冷，腰背强重，头眼眶
痛，呕吐烦闷，下利腹痛，身如被杖，六脉沉细，渴饮不下。已后毒瓦斯渐深，入腹攻心，咽喉不利，
腹痛转甚，心下胀满，结硬如石，燥渴欲死，冷汗不止，或时郑声，指甲面色青黑，
速灸关元、气海，须服大热之剂温之，此名阴毒，令阳气复而大汗解矣。
若夏月大发热，头疼燥渴，背恶寒，微汗，脉虚无力，口齿燥者，名中暑，用寒凉之剂清之。
方论开在杂证中，不再录。
若病患身微热，烦躁，面赤戴阳，欲坐卧于泥水井中，脉来沉细无力，此阴发躁，名阴躁，当
用辛热之药温之，不宜凉剂。误用之，其躁急渴甚，必死矣。若病患身冷，脉沉细而疾，虽烦躁，
不欲倾水入口者，此名阴盛格阳，亦用大热之剂温之。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，失于汗下，使热邪传里，燥渴谵语，小水自利，大便黑，小腹硬痛，或身黄，是下焦
蓄血如狂证。此与阳狂不同治，宜下尽黑物则愈。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，初得病与表热，但狂言烦躁不安，精采不与人相当。此因热结膀胱，其人如狂，太阳
经之里证也，自有太阳经之里药治，不与阳狂同治法。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，小水不利，大便实，小腹满，燥渴谵语，怕热，身目黄，此名湿热发黄，轻则疏利，
重则大下。此与血证发黄不同治。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，失于汗下，血热不散，故成发斑，大抵不宜发汗，轻则化之，重则下之。起于胸腹，
先红后赤者，曰发斑。起于手足，先红后黄者，曰蚊迹。临病之际，宜详审焉。方论开在的本槌法
中，不再录。
一伤寒，少阴证，恶寒发热，无头疼，误以大发汗，使血从耳、目、口、鼻中出者、名阴血，
多不治。此与鼻衄阳血不同治。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，太阳证，发热恶寒，头痛，或微喘，鼻中出血者，为衄血，名阳血，须分点滴成流。
此与阴血不同治。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，失于汗下，邪热传里，使水涸粪燥，大便不通，必发谵语，或心下硬痛，下利纯清水，
燥渴，口出无伦语，亦谵语，凡此皆实，当寒凉之剂下之。又有汗多亡阳，或下后利不止，身疼痛，
或自利清谷，谵语者，凡此皆虚，当辛热之剂温之。此与狂言不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再
录。
一伤寒，余热不除，蕴在心包，使精神短少，冒昧昏沉，睡中言语一二句者，名独语，宜凉剂
清之。此与谵语不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，因汗下后正气虚而本音失，则郑重语散不知高下，大小便自利，手足冷，名郑声，宜
中和之剂治之。此与独语不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，瘥后交接淫欲，无病患反得病者，名阴阳易，宜清凉解毒之剂治之。此与女劳复不相
类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，瘥后交接淫乐，不因易自病后发者，名女劳复。与前阴阳易同治法。方论开在的本槌
法中，不再录。
一伤寒，失于汗下，或因汗下后虚，令人气逆不相接续者，名短气，分虚实治之。此与喘证不
相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，失于汗下，或因饮水过多，令人抬肩撷肚，气逆上者，名发喘，分表里水气治之。此
与短气不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，麻黄汤证，误下之，心下满闷不痛者，名痞气，分虚实治之。此与结胸不相类。方论
开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，桂枝汤证，误下之，心下满硬而痛，名结胸，分缓急治之。此与痞满不相类。方论开
在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒证，病一阳经，或三阳经同病不传者，名合病，分在经过经治之。此与并病不相类。方
论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒证，一阳经先病未尽，又过一经之传者，名并病，分在经在腑治之。此与合病不相类。
方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，或汗下太过，或恣饮冷水，水寒相搏，虚逆，声浊恶而长，名哕。此与干呕不相类。
轻则和解疏利，重则温散。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，热在胃口，与谷气并，热气上熏，无物，名干呕，分实热水气治之。此与哕证不相类。
方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，有头疼，发热恶寒，脉沉，此名太阳脉似少阴，当辛温之剂散之。与少阴证不相类。
方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，无头疼，止则发热恶寒，脉沉，此名少阴证似太阳，当辛温之剂散之。与太阳证不相
类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，头疼，恶寒身热者，名表热，以辛散之。与里热不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，无头疼，无恶寒反怕热，燥渴口苦，舌干谵语，大便实，名里热。此与表热不相类。
方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，头疼，身热恶寒者，名表恶寒，当辛甘散之。此与里恶寒不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
一伤寒，无头疼，无身热而恶寒，厥冷蜷卧，不渴，或吐泻腹痛，战栗者，名里恶寒，当辛热
之剂温之。此与表恶寒不相类。方论开在的本槌法中，不再录。
From the Frost's Descent solar term to the Spring Equinox, if illness occurs in winter, it is classified as Zheng Shanghan (True Cold Damage). If exterior syndrome symptoms appear, use acrid-hot herbs to induce heavy sweating. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, use cold-cool herbs to urgently purge the interior. This differs from the treatment of Fei Shi Shanghan (Atypical Cold Damage). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
From the Spring Equinox to before the Summer Solstice, if headache and fever occur without aversion to cold but with thirst, it is classified as Wen Bing (Warm Disease). Use acrid-cool herbs to slightly release the muscle layer; heavy sweating should be avoided. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, use cold-cool herbs to urgently purge the interior. If mistakenly purged, harm may not necessarily ensue; if mistakenly sweated, the complications are incalculable, so this must be recognized. If these symptoms occur after the third lunar month, it is called Wan Fa (Late Onset), and the treatment is the same as for exterior syndromes, differing from the treatment of Winter Zheng Shanghan, while interior treatments remain the same. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
After the Summer Solstice, if headache and fever occur without aversion to cold but with thirst, this is named Wen Bing (Warm Disease); if the heat is more severe, it is named Re Bing (Heat Disease). Only use acrid-cool herbs to slightly release the muscle layer; heavy sweating is inappropriate. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, only use major-cold herbs to urgently purge the interior. Exterior syndrome treatment differs from Zheng Shanghan, while interior treatment is the same. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
From Start of Autumn to before Frost's Descent, if headache and fever occur without aversion to cold, accompanied by body pain and short urine, it is named Wen Bing (Warm Disease). Also use acrid-cool herbs combined with drying agents to release the muscle layer; heavy sweating is also inappropriate. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, use cold-cool herbs to urgently purge the interior. Exterior syndrome treatment differs from Zheng Shanghan, while interior treatment is the same. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
During spring, summer, and autumn, if one suffers from headache and body heat with some aversion to cold, it is a mild case of Gan Mao (Common Cold) due to atypical sudden cold, not as severe as winter Zheng Shanghan. All should use acrid-cool preparations to induce slight sweating. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, use cold-cool herbs to urgently purge the interior. Exterior syndrome treatment differs from Zheng Shanghan, while interior treatment is the same. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
In any season, if one suffers from headache, fever with aversion to cold, body fatigue and pain, soreness and pain in bones and legs, spontaneous sweating, slight mouth thirst, and a pulse that is empty, floating, large, and forceless, it is named Lao Li Gan Han Zheng (Exhaustion-Cold Syndrome). One should use warm-cool preparations to warm the meridians and scatter cold; heavy sweating is strictly prohibited. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, use neutral preparations with laxatives to gently purge; urgent purging is forbidden. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
In any season, if one suffers from headache, body heat with aversion to cold, which spreads among old and young, it is named Shi Yi Zheng (Seasonal Epidemic Syndrome). Use acrid-cool herbs to slightly release the exterior. If interior syndrome symptoms appear, urgently purge the interior. Treatment adapts to the disease and differs from Zheng Shanghan. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
If initially there is headache, fever, and aversion to cold, which then transmits to the interior, eliminating headache and aversion to cold, but instead causing aversion to heat, thirst, delirium, tidal fever, or spontaneous sweating, constipation, removing clothes and blankets, flinging hands and feet, macules and jaundice, or mania, this is a Heat Syndrome where Yang meridians transmit from exterior to Yin meridians. All should attack the interior using purgation. If purgation was indicated but missed, leading to alternating cold and warmth of limbs, it is due to Extreme Yang inducing Jue (Syncope/Collapse), i.e., Yang syndrome resembling Yin, named Yang Jue (Yang Collapse). Urgent purgation is required. Alternatively, if sweating or purgation was neglected, or if a Yang syndrome was mistakenly treated with hot herbs, causing heat toxin to penetrate deeply, with Yang qi exclusively flourishing and Yin qi suddenly perishing, symptoms include singing while climbing high, running naked, cursing and shouting, extreme dryness and thirst, red face and eyes, body macules and jaundice, or bloody-yellow diarrhea, with all six pulses being large. This is named Yang Du Fa Ban Zheng (Yang Toxin with Macules Syndrome). Use sour-bitter herbs to restore Yin qi and resolve through heavy sweating. If stool is solid, use major-cold herbs to purge. This differs from the treatment of Mania. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
If initially there is no headache or body heat, but direct aversion to cold and cold limbs, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea without thirst, curled-up lying, heaviness, trembling, and a deep, fine pulse, this is Zhi Zhong Yin Jing Zhen Han Zheng (Direct Invasion of True Cold into Yin Meridians), not transmitted from Yang meridians. Use hot herbs to warm. If cold is extreme causing cold limbs extending past elbows and knees, it is due to Extreme Cold inducing Jue, named Yin Jue (Yin Collapse). Urgent rescue of the interior with warming is required. This differs from Yang Jue. Additionally, if initially external cold pathogen invades and internal damage from raw/cold food occurs, with latent Yin internally and cold both inside and out, or if a True Yin syndrome was mistakenly treated with cool herbs, causing Yin qi to exclusively flourish and Yang qi to suddenly perish, resulting in cold limbs, stiffness/heaviness of waist and back, pain in head and eye sockets, vomiting, restlessness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, body feeling like being beaten, deep/fine six pulses, and inability to drink despite thirst. Subsequently, toxins deepen, attacking the heart, causing throat obstruction, worsening abdominal pain, epigastric fullness/hardness like stone, extreme thirst, continuous cold sweat, occasional Zheng Sheng (mumbling), black/blue nails and complexion. Quickly moxa Guanyuan (CV4) and Qihai (CV6), and administer major-hot preparations to warm. This is named Yin Du (Yin Toxin), restoring Yang qi to resolve through heavy sweating.
If in summer there is high fever, headache, dry thirst, aversion to cold on the back, slight sweating, weak/forceless pulse, and dry mouth/teeth, it is named Zhong Shu (Summerheat Stroke). Use cold-cool preparations to clear. The formula discussions are detailed in Miscellaneous Diseases, and are not reproduced here.
If the patient has slight body heat, irritability, red face with Dai Yang (floating false Yang), desire to sit/lie in mud or wells, and a deep, fine, forceless pulse, this is Yin Fa Zao (Yin-induced Restlessness), named Yin Zao (Yin Agitation). Use acrid-hot preparations to warm; cool preparations are unsuitable. Misuse leads to severe agitation/thirst and death. If the patient is cold-bodied, with deep/fine/fast pulse, yet irritable but unwilling to drink water, this is named Yin Sheng Ge Yang (Yin Excess Repelling Yang). Also use major-hot preparations to warm. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, neglected sweating/purging, allowing heat pathogen to transmit to interior, causing dry thirst, delirium, free urination, black stool, hard/painful lower abdomen, or yellow body, is Xia Jiao Xu Xue Ru Kuang Zheng (Lower Jiao Blood Stasis resembling Mania). This differs from Yang Kuang (Yang Mania); purging until black matter passes cures it. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, initial exterior heat, but manic speech, irritability, lack of mental presence. This is due to Heat Binding Bladder, person resembles mania, an interior syndrome of Taiyang Meridian. Treat with Taiyang interior herbs; differs from Yang Kuang. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, difficult urination, solid stool, lower abdominal fullness, dry thirst, delirium, aversion to heat, yellow body/eyes, is named Shi Re Fa Huang (Damp-Heat Jaundice). Mild cases: disperse/drain; severe cases: major purge. Differs from Blood Syndrome Jaundice. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, neglected sweating/purging, blood-heat not dispersing, causing macules. Generally avoid sweating; mild cases: resolve; severe cases: purge. Starting on chest/abdomen, red then crimson: Fa Ban (Macules). Starting on limbs, red then yellow: Wen Ji (Mosquito Marks). Examine carefully at onset. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, Shaoyin Syndrome, aversion to cold/fever, no headache, mistakenly heavily sweated, causing bleeding from ears, eyes, mouth, nose: named Yin Xue (Yin Blood). Mostly untreatable. Differs from Bi Xu Yang Xue (Nosebleed Yang Blood). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, Taiyang Syndrome, fever/aversion to cold, headache, slight wheezing, nasal bleeding: Wei Xu Xue (Nosebleed), named Yang Xue (Yang Blood). Distinguish between drops and streams. Differs from Yin Blood. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, neglected sweating/purging, evil heat transmits to interior, drying fluids/stool, constipation, inevitably causing delirium, or hard/painful epigastrium, pure clear water diarrhea, dry thirst, incoherent speech (also delirium). All are Excess patterns; use cold-cool purgatives. Alternatively, excessive sweating depletes Yang, or post-purge unceasing diarrhea, body pain, or spontaneous clear grain diarrhea with delirium. All are Deficiency patterns; use acrid-hot tonics. Differs from manic speech. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, residual heat remains, accumulating in Xin Bao (Pericardium), causing spirit deficiency, confusion/drowsiness, speaking 1-2 sentences in sleep: named Du Yu (Solitary Speech). Use cool preparations to clear. Differs from Chan Yu (Delirious Speech). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, post-sweating/purging Qi deficiency causing voice loss, speaking solemnly/scatteredly unaware of context, free urination/defecation, cold limbs: named Zheng Sheng (Mumbling). Use neutral preparations to treat. Differs from Du Yu. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, post-recovery sexual intercourse, healthy person contracting illness: named Yin Yang Yi (Yin-Yang Transmission). Use cool-clearing detoxifying preparations. Differs from Nu Lao Fu (Female Labor Relapse). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, post-recovery sexual activity, illness arising from self rather than transmission: named Nu Lao Fu (Female Labor Relapse). Same treatment as Yin Yang Yi. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, neglected sweating/purging, or post-treatment deficiency causing Qi rebellion/discontinuity: named Duan Qi (Shortness of Breath). Treat distinguishing excess/deficiency. Differs from Chuan Zheng (Wheezing Syndrome). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, neglected sweating/purging, or excessive drinking causing shoulder-lifting/belly-drawing, Qi rebellion upward: named Fa Chuan (Induced Wheezing). Treat distinguishing exterior/interior fluid-Qi. Differs from Duan Qi. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, Mahuang Tang Syndrome, mistakenly purged, epigastric fullness without pain: named Pi Qi (Pi Qi/Stagnation). Treat distinguishing excess/deficiency. Differs from Jie Xiong (Chest Binding). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, Guizhi Tang Syndrome, mistakenly purged, epigastric fullness/hardness with pain: named Jie Xiong (Chest Binding). Treat distinguishing slow/urgent. Differs from Pi Man (Epigastric Fullness). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan syndrome, illness in one Yang meridian, or three Yang meridians simultaneously without transmission: named He Bing (Combined Disease). Treat according to meridian pathway. Differs from Bing Bing (Concurrent Disease). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan syndrome, one Yang meridian illness unresolved, transmitting to another meridian: named Bing Bing (Concurrent Disease). Treat distinguishing meridian/fu-organ. Differs from He Bing. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, excessive sweating/purging, or indulgence in cold water, water-cold binding, deficiency/rebellion, turbid/long foul sound: named Yue (Hiccups). Differs from Gan Ou (Dry Vomiting). Mild: harmonize/drain; severe: warm/scatter. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, heat in stomach entrance combining with grain qi, heat steaming upward, nothing expelled: named Gan Ou (Dry Vomiting). Treat distinguishing excess-heat/fluid-Qi. Differs from Yue Syndrome. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, headache, fever/aversion to cold, deep pulse: named Taiyang Pulse resembling Shaoyin. Use acrid-warm preparations to scatter. Differs from Shaoyin Syndrome. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, no headache, only fever/aversion to cold, deep pulse: named Shaoyin Syndrome resembling Taiyang. Use acrid-warm preparations to scatter. Differs from Taiyang Syndrome. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, headache, aversion to cold/body heat: named Biao Re (Exterior Heat). Disperse with acrid. Differs from Li Re (Interior Heat). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, no headache, no aversion to cold but aversion to heat, dry thirst/bitter mouth, dry tongue, delirium, solid stool: named Li Re (Interior Heat). Differs from Biao Re. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, headache, body heat/aversion to cold: named Biao E Han (Exterior Aversion to Cold). Disperse with acrid-sweet. Differs from Li E Han (Interior Aversion to Cold). The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.
One: Shanghan, no headache, no body heat but aversion to cold, cold limbs/curled lying, no thirst, or vomiting/diarrhea/abdominal pain/trembling: named Li E Han (Interior Aversion to Cold). Warm with acrid-hot preparations. Differs from Biao E Han. The formula discussions are detailed in *Ben Chui Fa*, and are not reproduced here.