伤寒者。寒伤营血脉浮而紧。头痛发热。无汗恶寒。伤风者。风伤卫气。脉浮而缓。头
痛发热。有汗恶风。伤寒见风者。既伤于寒。复感风邪。恶寒不躁。其脉浮缓。伤风见寒者。既
伤于风。复感寒邪。恶风烦躁。其脉浮紧。（以上四症皆冬月即病者）温病者。冬受寒邪。交
春乃发。发热头痛。不恶寒而渴。脉浮数。温疟者。冬受寒邪。复感春寒。脉阴阳俱盛。症
寒热往来。风温者。冬受寒邪。复感春风。头痛身热。自汗身重。默默欲眠。语涩鼻鼾。四
肢不收。尺寸俱浮。又发汗后。身犹灼热者。亦名风温。温疫者。冬受寒邪。复感春温时行
之气。温毒者。冬受寒邪。春有非时之热。复感其邪。或有发 者。（以上五症冬伤于寒病
发于春故皆有温之名也）热病者。冬伤于寒。至夏乃发。头疼身热恶寒。其脉洪盛。伤暑者
。暑热为邪。自汗烦渴。身热脉虚。伤湿者。感受湿邪。身重而痛。自汗微热。两足逆冷。
四肢沉重。胸腹满闷。风湿者。既受湿气。复感风邪。肢体重痛。额汗脉浮。痉者。身热足
寒。头项强急。面红目赤。口噤头摇。角弓反张。若先受风邪。复感于寒。无汗恶寒为刚
痉。先受风邪。复感于湿。恶风有汗为柔痉。仰面而卧。开口为阳。合面而卧。闭目为阴。
浮紧口渴属阳。沉细口和属阴。
Shaoyang disease (Taiyang disease, a syndrome caused by pathogenic cold affecting the Taiyang channel) is caused by cold damaging the Ying blood (nutritive blood), presenting with a floating and tight pulse. Symptoms include headache, fever, absence of sweating, and aversion to cold.
Wind injury (Shangfeng, damage by wind pathogens) is caused by wind damaging the Wei Qi (defensive qi), presenting with a floating and moderate pulse. Symptoms include headache, fever, sweating, and aversion to wind.
Shaoyang disease with Wind symptoms occurs when one is first injured by cold and then exposed to wind pathogens. Symptoms are aversion to cold without restlessness, and a floating and moderate pulse.
Wind injury with Cold symptoms occurs when one is first injured by wind and then exposed to cold pathogens. Symptoms are aversion to wind with restlessness, and a floating and tight pulse. (The above four syndromes all manifest immediately during winter.)
Wenbing (Warm disease) is contracted in winter due to cold pathogens but manifests in spring. Symptoms include fever, headache, absence of aversion to cold but presence of thirst, and a floating and rapid pulse.
Wen Nue (Warm malaria) is contracted in winter due to cold pathogens and further exposed to spring cold. The pulse is full at all three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi), and symptoms include alternating chills and fever.
Fengwen (Wind-warmth) is contracted in winter due to cold pathogens and further exposed to spring winds. Symptoms include headache, body heat, spontaneous sweating, heaviness of the body, silence and desire to sleep, slurred speech, snoring, and inability to control the limbs. The pulse is floating at both Cun and Chi positions. Additionally, if intense heat persists after sweating therapy, it is also termed Fengwen.
Wenyi (Warm pestilence) is contracted in winter due to cold pathogens and further exposed to the prevailing warm seasonal qi in spring.
Wendu (Warm toxin) is contracted in winter due to cold pathogens, followed by exposure to abnormal heat in spring, or manifests with skin eruptions. (The above five syndromes are named "Wen" because they originate from winter cold injuries but manifest in spring.)
Rebing (Heat disease) is contracted in winter due to cold but manifests in summer. Symptoms include headache, body heat, aversion to cold, and a洪盛 (Hongsheng, surging and full) pulse.
Shangshu (Summerheat injury) is caused by summerheat becoming pathogenic. Symptoms include spontaneous sweating, irritability, thirst, body heat, and a deficient pulse.
Shangshi (Dampness injury) is caused by contracting damp pathogens. Symptoms include heaviness and pain in the body, spontaneous sweating, slight fever, inversion of cold in the feet, heaviness of the limbs, and distension and stuffiness in the chest and abdomen.
Fengshi (Wind-dampness) occurs when dampness is contracted and then wind pathogens are exposed. Symptoms include heaviness and pain in the limbs, sweating on the forehead, and a floating pulse.
Jing disease (Spasm syndrome) presents with body heat, cold feet, stiffness and tension in the head and neck, red face, red eyes, locked jaw, head tremor, and opisthotonos. If wind pathogens are contracted first and then cold, with no sweating and aversion to cold, it is called Gang Jing (Yang spasm). If wind pathogens are contracted first and then dampness, with aversion to wind and sweating, it is called Rou Jing (Yin spasm). Lying on the back with an open mouth indicates Yang; lying on the stomach with closed eyes indicates Yin. A floating and tight pulse with thirst belongs to Yang; a deep and fine pulse with a normal mouth condition belongs to Yin.